I am trying to build a really simple CSS Grid Layout: header/content/footer. I had it working, then I tried opening it up in device emulator and I could not understand the behavior at all. To make matters worse it also did not behave as expected on my phone, but it behaved differently than in the device emulator.
In the emulator the page loads as I expected: the Body formed a grid with a header, the main content overflowed on the x axis so the whole page had a horizontal scroll bar, and the footer was flush with the bottom of the page. When I removed the class that made the main content oversized it looked pretty nice! Then when I added it back in the html and body in the element inspector suddenly were a small portion of the screen and the footer was flush with that bottom, the whole page scrolled left and right, and there was a giant empty space at the bottom of the actual view.
The red box above shows the empty space. The blue box on the same screenshot shows where the element inspector claimed the html and body elements were. On my phone (iPhone 13 Pro, Safari), I get more or less the expected behavior, but the window chrome hides the footer, so I have to scroll and I can't make it go away. I have to assume that if I had a smaller physical device to test it on the behavior would be the same...To add another mystery: sometimes after I've had it open it will load straight into the weirdly resized mode.
I stripped it down to the simplest I could make it and then added a few buttons to demonstrate the behavior. The code is here, and it's up live here.
I know this is some sort of interaction between the <meta viewport> and what 100vh and 100vw means...but I really, really don't understand what's going on. I know how to get my code working mostly the way I want it. An acceptable answer will explain what I'm seeing in the emulator. To phrase it as a question: "What is going on in the emulator that causes this strange re-sizing?"
EDIT
It looks like the initial rendering depends on the previous state of the page. If you reload the demo above when the section is not oversized it renders as in the first screenshot. If you reload the demo when the screenshot is oversized it initially renders as in the final screenshot.
I think the issue is in the viewport meta. Try adding initial-scale=1 - this will set the initial zoom level of the page (device-width).
My guess is the zoom happens because changing overflow to anything but visible creates a new block formatting context - causing the initial state to be re-evaluated. At the point of re-evaluation, the content exceeds the viewport why the width is considered to be 960px (iOS default) - triggering the zoom to fit.
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, height=device-height, initial-scale=1">
I think I found the problem, but I'm not sure I can explain it properly since I'm not an expert or specialist. I actually spent more than an hour inspecting your code, trying different solutions, and reading some related research.
1- I noticed that you use rem unit to resize elements NOT font but when I research it, I found most if not all results relate rem with root element and font-size. so I was wondering if we can use rem to size element and kept searching about and found that it's possible, but I couldn't find enough details about this specific part.
Even on mdn web docs, it says "the rem unit means "The root element's font-size" (rem stands for "root em")."
2- Anyway, in your code, I changed 50rem to 80% and the problem disappeared in the emulator and everywhere.
I hope my effort helps.
function toggleContentOverflow() {
const isOn = document.body.classList.toggle("content-overflow");
contentOverflow.textContent = isOn ? "On" : "Off";
}
function toggleMainScroll() {
const isOn = document.body.classList.toggle("overflow-scroll");
overflowScroll.textContent = isOn ? "On" : "Off";
}
html, body {
width: 100vw;
height: 100vh;
max-width: 100vw;
max-height: 100vh;
font-size: 14px;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
body {
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: auto 1fr auto;
}
header, main, footer {
padding: 1rem 2rem;
}
main {
padding-block-start: 0;
padding-block-end: 0;
}
header, footer {
background-color: #ffe;
}
header {
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
footer {
border-top: 1px solid #eee;
}
section {
background-color: #ddd;
padding: 2rem;
margin: 2rem auto;
}
body.content-overflow section {
width: 80%;
}
body.overflow-scroll main {
overflow: auto;
}
<body class="content-overflow">
<header>
Header Content
</header>
<main>
<section>
<h1>Too Large Card</h1>
</section>
<aside style='margin-top: 1em'>
<button type="button" onclick="toggleContentOverflow(event)">"section { width: 80%; }" <span id="contentOverflow">On</span></button>
</aside>
<aside style='margin-top: 1em'>
<button type="button" onclick="toggleMainScroll(event)">"main { overflow: scroll }" <span id="overflowScroll">Off</span></button>
</aside>
<p>
To see this quirk:
</p>
<ol>
<li>Open this page in private mode (to avoid extensions inserting elements).</li>
<li>Open the developer tools</li>
<li>Turn on the device emulator</li>
<li>refresh the page</li>
<li>Click the 'section { width: var(--size-15); }' button.</li>
</ol>
</main>
<footer>
Footer Content
</footer>
</body>
I'm writing an ebook in HTML and converting to MOBI with Kindlegen. I want to make sure the images never take up the whole page. However some images are doing just that.
I've tried multiple CSS styles but nothing seems to change. I'm testing on Kindle Previewer, iPhone X, kindle paper white (older device) and iPad. All these devices seem to react to CSS differently and the iPad seems to completely ignore my image styles. No matter what I set the iPAD images don't change. How can I make sure the images are never too large? I want the image to be small enough so that text is also on the same page. Ideal never larger than about 30% of the screen.
I've tried setting a percentage
width: auto;
height: 30%;
and setting em
width: auto;
height: 20em;
I get an error from Kindlegen if I use max-height
.image {
width: auto;
height: 30%;
}
.centerImg {
text-indent: 0;
margin: 1em 0 0 0;
padding: 0;
text-align: center;
}
<!-- Page 29 -->
<p class="centerImg">
<img class="image" alt="lock" src="images/page29.jpg" />
</p>
<p class="collector">
Text
</p>
<br />
<p class="description">
Text
</p>
<div class="pagebreak"></div>
What's the best way to do this?
CSS with ebooks on Amazon can be a bit daunting. I've even seen major bestsellers where the layout didn't work out as intended. Although I've never gotten an ebook to look exactly the same across all devices, I have been able to size my images satisfactorily. I use the free program Sigil for editing, then convert to .mobi with Calibre.
Because CSS can be so unreliable on ebooks, I sized the image in the HTML itself:
<div align="center"><img height="148" src="../Images/stars-300.jpg" width="200"/></div>
<br/>
<h1 class="cinz" id="sigil_toc_id_21">-21-</h1>
<br/>
<h1 class="toocinz sigil_not_in_toc">Between Worlds</h1>
Below is an image of the above code on Kindle Paperwhite. On the iPad, the image is a bit smaller, and some of the spacing is different, but it looks close enough. Another trick I've used to 'force' the ebooks to use your styling, is to use two CSS stylesheets. The first one simply refers to the second, "real" one. This can get around some of the default styles that override custom styles. I'm not sure how well it's worked, but it hasn't hurt:
Style0001.css has only this line:
#import url(../Styles/Style0002.css);
Style0002.css is where all my actual styling is. All my book pages link to the first stylesheet:
<link href="../Styles/Style0001.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>.
I'm putting together some Responsive CSS for a website I'm building and I'm curious if I can use CSS to force images to render as alt text instead of images. We are displaying the logos of cosponsors but because of their variable size it's hard to fit them confidently into the responsive design. For that reason we'd like to store the company name as alt text and render that instead. Of course we could place the name in a separate element and toggle the visibility using CSS but using alt text seems DRYer.
You could store that in a data-attribute rather than the alt text, and then do something like this:
<span class='responsive' data-alt='foo'>
<img src='http://www.ponyfoo.com/img/thumbnail.png' alt='' />
</span>
#media only screen and (max-width: 300px) {
.responsive:before {
content: attr(data-alt);
}
.responsive img {
display: none;
}
}
The reason you can't do this just with CSS and an img tag is that img tags is because they are replaced elements, which means pseudo doesn't work with them, and therefore, using :before doesn't work with them.
Another approach, taking this into account would be the following:
<span class='responsive'>foo</span>
.responsive {
background-image: url('http://www.ponyfoo.com/img/thumbnail.png');
text-indent: -9999em;
overflow: hidden;
width: 180px;
height: 180px;
display: block;
}
#media only screen and (max-width: 300px) {
.responsive {
background-image: none;
text-indent: initial;
overflow: initial;
}
}
If you ask me, I like the second approach a lot more.
Went with:
<div class="cobranding">
<span>Brought to you by</span>
<span class="sponsor">Joe Shmoe Inc.</span>
<img src="img/graphics/joe_shmoe_logo.jpg">
</div>
Using CSS to toggle the visibility of the img or the "sponsor" based on responsive breakpoints.
Both of Nico's approaches look good. The only hiccup is that these cosponsor logos are going to be added via a CMS so I want to steer away from any solution involving case-by-case CSS (:before or background-image). For the sake of time I went ahead with the two element strategy above.
(answered for any others looking for a solution)
Important aside:
Remember the purpose of alt: to display meaningful ALTERNATIVE information (if the image doesn't load).
- so any implementation should not break that... (bad for accessibility & SEO).
That said...
If the image doesn't load, the alt will be displayed. So (untested) but you could try messing up the src attribute by javascript... this should cause the browser to display the alt since the image wont load.
- you might find this approach along with lazyload useful.
Also to note: a broken img doesn't behave like an image, so you can apply a img:before css rule (and use content: attr(alt) )
I have some very simple HTML:
<div id="advisor">
<div id="print_this_container">
<form>
<input type="button" value=" Print this page "
onclick="window.print();return false;" />
</form>
</div>
<div id="top_section">
<div class="left_box" style="position: relative;">
<div id="avatar_container">
<img class="avatar" src="<%= #advisor.avatar_url %>" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="right_box">
<h2><strong>Council on Emerging Markets</strong></h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
The associated CSS is:
#advisor{
width: 800px;
}
#top_section{
border-bottom: 1px solid #666 !important;
height: 200px;
}
.right_box{
float: left;
padding-left: 25px;
padding-top: 50px;
width: 550px;
}
.left_box{
background: #ccc;
width: 200px;
float: left;
text-align: center;
height: 100%;
}
img.avatar{
width: 150px;
}
And in my print.css
#advisor{
width: auto;
}
#print_this_container{
display: none;
}
It looks great in my web page. However, when I print it the following issues occur:
The top section border disappears
The image shrinks
The right box is displayed under the
left box, it does not float
The left box background color
disappears
Does anyone know how to fix these issues?
There are a number of problems with printing from within a browser. A lot of the printing-specific stuff doesn't work on most browsers and even where it's supported by multiple browsers, it is handled differently
We've jsut spent two weeks trying to print labels using a browser - in the end, we've gone for multiple solutions which fail as gracefully as possible...
Firstly, we detect silverlight and flash - if either is present, we use them to print.
Next, we have a piece of code which loads a web browser in memory on the server and takes a screenshot of the page at a specific URL - this generates an image which we then return to the client for printing. This is okay for our scenario but you might want to check mem usage/etc. for high volume sites.
Some things we've found: Page margins are a REAL pain (especially for labels!). It seems that only certain versions of Opera will allow you to modify page margins from CSS
Background images and colors aren't usually printed by browsers (to save ink) - There's an option in most browsers to enable printing BG.
In firefox look in about:config
print.printer_<PrinterName>.print_bgcolor
print.printer_<PrinterName>.print_bgimages
In IE I think it's under File->Page Setup...
Obviously, neither of these help you much as they can't be set by the site itself - It depends who the users are going to be whether or not you can ge tthis set intentionally. Failing that, you might try using a normal non-background image placed behind your content?
In my experience float doesn't work on printing - However, it's been a while since I've tried and it's possible this will now work as long as you provide an explicit width for your page (100%?) at present, I think most browsers use shrink-to-fit as default on print media.
Page width is another interesting one - I've only found very limited "width" properties that seem to work - at one point I almost resorted to tables. So far percentages seem to work fine, auto doesn't.
Try having a look Here and Here for some solutions and Here for a browser compatability chart
I have a <div> block with some fancy visual content that I don't want to change. I want to make it a clickable link.
I'm looking for something like <div> … </div>, but that is valid XHTML 1.1.
Came here in the hope of finding a better solution that mine, but I don't like any of the ones on offer here. I think some of you have misunderstood the question. The OP wants to make a div full of content behave like a link. One example of this would be facebook ads - if you look, they're actually proper markup.
For me the no-nos are: javascript (shouldn't be needed just for a link, and very bad SEO/accessibility); invalid HTML.
In essence it's this:
Build your panel using normal CSS techniques and valid HTML.
Somewhere in there put a link that you want to be the default link if the user clicks on the panel (you can have other links too).
Inside that link, put an empty span tag (<span></span>, not <span /> - thanks #Campey)
give the panel position:relative
apply the following CSS to the empty span:
{
position:absolute;
width:100%;
height:100%;
top:0;
left: 0;
z-index: 1;
/* fixes overlap error in IE7/8,
make sure you have an empty gif */
background-image: url('empty.gif');
}
It will now cover the panel, and as it's inside an <A> tag, it's a clickable link
give any other links inside the panel position:relative and a suitable z-index (>1) to bring them in front of the default span link
You can't make the div a link itself, but you can make an <a> tag act as a block, the same behaviour a <div> has.
a {
display: block;
}
You can then set the width and height on it.
This is an ancient question, but I thought I'd answer it since everyone here has some crazy solutions. It's actually very very simple...
An anchor tag works like this -
EVERYTHING IN HERE TURNS INTO A LINK
Sooo...
<div id="thediv" />
Although I'm not sure if this is valid. If that's the reasoning behind spoken solutions, then I apologise...
Requires a little javascript.
But, your div would be clickable.
<div onclick="location.href='http://www.example.com';" style="cursor:pointer;"></div>
This option doesn’t require an empty.gif as in the most upvoted answer:
HTML:
<div class="feature">
</div>
CSS:
div.feature {
position: relative;
}
div.feature a {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
top: 0;
left: 0;
text-decoration: none; /* No underlines on the link */
z-index: 10; /* Places the link above everything else in the div */
background-color: #FFF; /* Fix to make div clickable in IE */
opacity: 0; /* Fix to make div clickable in IE */
filter: alpha(opacity=1); /* Fix to make div clickable in IE */
}
As proposed at http://www.digitalskydesign.com/how-to-make-an-entire-div-a-link-using-css/
This is a "valid" solution to achieving what you want.
<style type="text/css">
.myspan {
display: block;
}
</style>
<span class="myspan">text</span>
But most-likely what you really want is to have an <a> tag displayed as a block level element.
I would not advise using JavaScript to simulate a hyperlink as that defeats the purpose of markup validation, which is ultimately to promote accessibility (publishing well-formed documents following proper semantic rules minimizes the possibility the same document will be interpreted differently by different browsers).
It would be preferable to publish a web page that does not validate, but renders and functions properly on all browsers, including ones with JavaScript disabled. Furthermore, using onclick does not provide the semantic information for a screen reader to determine that the div is functioning as a link.
The cleanest way would be to use jQuery with the data-tags introduced in HTML. With this solution you can create a link on every tag you want. First define the tag (e.g. div) with a data-link tag:
<div data-link="http://www.google.at/">Some content in the div which is arbitrary</div>
Now you can style the div however you want. And you have to create also the style for the "link"-alike behavior:
[data-link] {
cursor: pointer;
}
And at last put this jQuery call to the page:
$(document).ready(function() {
$("[data-link]").click(function() {
window.location.href = $(this).attr("data-link");
return false;
});
});
With this code jQuery applys a click listener to every tag on the page which has a "data-link" attribute and redirects to the URL which is in the data-link attribute.
Not sure if this is valid but it worked for me.
The code :
<div style='position:relative;background-color:#000000;width:600px;height:30px;border:solid;'>
<p style='display:inline;color:#ffffff;float:left;'> Whatever </p>
<a style='position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;width:100%;height:100%;display:inline;' href ='#'></a>
</div>
To make thepeer's answer work in IE 7 and forward, it needs a few tweaks.
IE will not honour z-index if the element is has no background-color, so the link will not overlap parts of the containig div that has content, only the blank parts. To fix this a background is added with opacity 0.
For some reason IE7 and various compatibility modes completely fail when using the span in a link approach. However if the link itself is given the style it works just fine.
.blockLink
{
position:absolute;
top:0;
left: 0;
width:100%;
height:100%;
z-index: 1;
background-color:#ffffff;
-ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)";
filter: alpha(opacity=0);
opacity:0;
}
<div style="position:relative">
<some content>
<a href="somepage" class="blockLink" />
<div>
you could also try by wrapping an anchor, then turning its height and width to be the same with its parent. This works for me perfectly.
<div id="css_ID">
</div>
An option that hasn't been mentioned is using flex. By applying flex: 1 to the a tag, it expands to fit the container.
div {
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
display: flex;
border: 1px solid;
}
a {
flex: 1;
}
<div>
Link
</div>
This worked for me:
HTML:
<div>
WHATEVER YOU WANT
<a href="YOUR LINK HERE">
<span class="span-link"></span>
</a>
</div>
CSS:
.span-link {
position:absolute;
width:100%;
height:100%;
top:0;
left: 0;
z-index: 9999;
}
This adds an invisible element (the span), which covers your entire div, and is above your whole div on the z-index, so when someone clicks on that div, the click is essentially intercepted by your invisible "span" layer, which is linked.
Note: If you're already using z-indexes for other elements, just make sure the value of this z-index is higher than anything you want it to rest "on top" of.
why not? use <div></div> works fine in HTML5
This example worked for me:
<div style="position: relative; width:191px; height:83px;">
</div>
This post is Old I know but I just had to fix the same issue because simply writing a normal link tag with the display set to block does not make the whole div clickable in IE. so to fix this issue far simpler than having to use JQuery.
Firstly let us understand why this happens: IE wont make an empty div clickable it only make the text/image within that div/a tag clickable.
Solution: Fill the div with a bakground image and hide it from the viewer.
How?
You ask good questions, now listen up.
add this backround style to the a tag
> "background:url('some_small_image_path')
> -2000px -2000px no-repeat;"
And there you have it the whole div is now clickable. This was the best way for me cause Im using it for my Photo Gallery to let the user clik on one half of the image to move left/right and then place a small image as well just for visual effects. so for me I used the left and right images as background images anyway!
Just have the link in the block and enhance it with jquery. It degrades 100% gracefully for anyone without javascript. Doing this with html isn't really the best solution imho.
For example:
<div id="div_link">
<h2>The Link and Headline</h2>
<p>Some more stuff and maybe another link.</p>
</div>
Then use jquery to make the block clickable (via web designer wall):
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#div_link").click(function(){
window.location=$(this).find("a").attr("href"); return false;
});
});
Then all you have to do is add cursor styles to the div
#div_link:hover {cursor: pointer;}
For bonus points only apply these styles if javascript is enabled by adding a 'js_enabled' class to the div, or the body, or whatever.
This is the best way to do it as used on the BBC website and the Guardian:
I found the technique here:
http://codepen.io/IschaGast/pen/Qjxpxo
heres the html
<div class="highlight block-link">
<h2>I am an example header</h2>
<p>This entire box links somewhere, thanks to faux block links. I am some example text with a custom link that sits within the block</p>
</div>
heres the CSS
/**
* Block Link
*
* A Faux block-level link. Used for when you need a block-level link with
* clickable areas within it as directly nesting a tags breaks things.
*/
.block-link {
position: relative;
}
.block-link a {
position: relative;
z-index: 1;
}
.block-link .block-link__overlay-link {
position: static;
&:before {
bottom: 0;
content: "";
left: 0;
overflow: hidden;
position: absolute;
right: 0;
top: 0;
white-space: nowrap;
z-index: 0;
}
&:hover,
&:focus {
&:before {
background: rgba(255,255,0, .2);
}
}
}
<div> … </div>
Actually you need to include the JavaScript code at the moment,
check this tutorial to do so.
but there is a tricky way to achieve this using a CSS code
you must nest an anchor tag inside your div tag and you must apply this property to it,
display:block;
when you've done that,it will make the whole width area clickable (but within the height of the anchor tag),if you want to cover the whole div area you must set the height of the anchor tag exactly to the height of the div tag,for example:
height:60px;
this is gonna make the whole area clickable,then you can apply text-indent:-9999px to anchor tag to achieve the goal.
this is really tricky and simple and it's just created using CSS code.
here is an example: http://jsfiddle.net/hbirjand/RG8wW/
This work for me:
<div onclick="location.href='page.html';" style="cursor:pointer;">...</div>
You can give a link to your div by following method:
<div class="boxdiv" onClick="window.location.href='https://www.google.co.in/'">google</div>
<style type="text/css">
.boxdiv {
cursor:pointer;
width:200px;
height:200px;
background-color:#FF0000;
color:#fff;
text-align:center;
font:13px/17px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}
</style>
You can make surround the element with a href tags or you can use jquery and use
$('').click(function(e){
e.preventDefault();
//DO SOMETHING
});
This is the simplest way.
Say, this is the div block I want to make clickable:
<div class="inner_headL"></div>
So put a href as follows:
<a href="#">
<div class="inner_headL"></div>
</a>
Just consider the div block as a normal html element and enable the usual a href tag.
It works on FF at least.
I pulled in a variable because some values in my link will change depending on what record the user is coming from.
This worked for testing :
<div onclick="location.href='page.html';" style="cursor:pointer;">...</div>
and this works too :
<div onclick="location.href='<%=Webpage%>';" style="cursor:pointer;">...</div>
While I don't recommend doing this under any circumstance, here is some code that makes a DIV into a link (note: this example uses jQuery and certain markup is removed for simplicity):
<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.3.2.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function() {
$("div[href]").click(function () {
window.location = $(this).attr("href");
});
});
</script>
<div href="http://www.google.com">
My Div Link
</div>
If you can use bootstrap, one simple solution is to use bootstrap .stretched-link.
https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.3/utilities/stretched-link/
Sample Code
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;">
<img src="..." class="card-img-top" alt="...">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">Card with stretched link</h5>
<p class="card-text">Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.</p>
Go somewhere
</div>
</div>
Soviut's answer was not sufficient for me. I had to use
a { display: inline-flex; }
to remove baseline artifacts, when using just a img in the a.
Enclosing your div inside an anchor tag <a href></a> works like charm:
<a href="">
<div>anything goes here will turn into a link</div>
</a>
My smarty pants answer:
"Evasive answer to: "How to make block level element a hyperlink and validate in XHTML 1.1"
Just use HTML5 DOCTYPE DTD."
Didn't actually hold true for ie7
onclick="location.href='page.html';"
Works IE7-9, Chrome, Safari, Firefox,
if just everything could be this simple...
#logo {background:url(../global_images/csg-4b15a4b83d966.png) no-repeat top left;background-position:0 -825px;float:left;height:48px;position:relative;width:112px}
#logo a {padding-top:48px; display:block;}
<div id="logo"></div>
just think a little outside the box ;-)