I'm wondering if it's possible in CSS to make a border but only for corner. Something like this:
**** ****
* *
* *
CONTENT
* *
* *
**** ****
You can achieve that using multiple linear gradients as a background image.
div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background:
linear-gradient(to right, black 4px, transparent 4px) 0 0,
linear-gradient(to right, black 4px, transparent 4px) 0 100%,
linear-gradient(to left, black 4px, transparent 4px) 100% 0,
linear-gradient(to left, black 4px, transparent 4px) 100% 100%,
linear-gradient(to bottom, black 4px, transparent 4px) 0 0,
linear-gradient(to bottom, black 4px, transparent 4px) 100% 0,
linear-gradient(to top, black 4px, transparent 4px) 0 100%,
linear-gradient(to top, black 4px, transparent 4px) 100% 100%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 20px 20px;
}
<div></div>
Assuming <div id="content">CONTENT</div> and that CONTENT includes at least one HTML node.
#content {position:relative}
#content:before, #content:after, #content>:first-child:before, #content>:first-child:after {
position:absolute; content:' ';
width:80px; height: 80px;
border-color:red; /* or whatever colour */
border-style:solid; /* or whatever style */
}
#content:before {top:0;left:0;border-width: 1px 0 0 1px}
#content:after {top:0;right:0;border-width: 1px 1px 0 0}
#content>:first-child:before {bottom:0;right:0;border-width: 0 1px 1px 0}
#content>:first-child:after {bottom:0;left:0;border-width: 0 0 1px 1px}
Here's a Fiddle
I would use overlapping divs.
One with square corners.
And the Other with rounded corner (so it doesn't hide the corners of the first one).
#div1 {
position:absolute;
top:9px;
left:9px;
height:100px;
width:100px;
background-color:white;
border:1px solid black;
}
#div2 {
position:relative;
top:-1px;
left:-1px;
height:102px;
width:102px;
background-color:white;
border-radius: 15px;
}
<div id="div1" />
<div id="div2" />
Result:
An enhanced solution provided by #web-tiki:
http://jsfiddle.net/webtiki/y3EfP/147/
Here is an idea using gradient and CSS variables where you can easily control the shape of your border:
.box {
--b: 5px; /* thickness of the border */
--c: red; /* color of the border */
--w: 20px; /* width of border */
border: var(--b) solid #0000; /* space for the border */
--_g: #0000 90deg,var(--c) 0;
--_p: var(--w) var(--w) border-box no-repeat;
background:
conic-gradient(from 90deg at top var(--b) left var(--b),var(--_g)) 0 0 / var(--_p),
conic-gradient(from 180deg at top var(--b) right var(--b),var(--_g)) 100% 0 / var(--_p),
conic-gradient(from 0deg at bottom var(--b) left var(--b),var(--_g)) 0 100% / var(--_p),
conic-gradient(from -90deg at bottom var(--b) right var(--b),var(--_g)) 100% 100% / var(--_p);
/*Irrelevant code*/
width:200px;
height:100px;
box-sizing:border-box;
margin:5px;
display:inline-flex;
font-size:30px;
justify-content:center;
align-items:center;
text-align:center;
}
<div class="box">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:blue;--w:40px;--b:2px">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:green;--w:30%;--b:8px">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:black;--w:50%;--b:3px">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:purple;--w:10px;--b:10px">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:orange;--w:calc(50% - 10px);--b:4px">
some content
</div>
You can also have a complex coloration if you combine this with mask:
.box {
--b: 5px; /* thickness of the border */
--c: red; /* color of the border */
--w: 20px; /* width of border */
padding: var(--b); /* space for the border */
position:relative;
/*Irrelevant code*/
width:200px;
height:100px;
box-sizing:border-box;
margin:5px;
display:inline-flex;
font-size:30px;
justify-content:center;
align-items:center;
text-align:center;
}
.box::before {
content :"";
position: absolute;
inset: 0;
background: var(--c,red);
--_g: #0000 90deg,#000 0;
--_p: var(--w) var(--w) no-repeat;
--mask:
conic-gradient(from 90deg at top var(--b) left var(--b),var(--_g)) 0 0 / var(--_p),
conic-gradient(from 180deg at top var(--b) right var(--b),var(--_g)) 100% 0 / var(--_p),
conic-gradient(from 0deg at bottom var(--b) left var(--b),var(--_g)) 0 100% / var(--_p),
conic-gradient(from -90deg at bottom var(--b) right var(--b),var(--_g)) 100% 100% / var(--_p);
-webkit-mask: var(--mask);
mask: var(--mask);
}
<div class="box">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,red,blue);--w:40px;--b:2px">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,#000 0 5px,transparent 5px 10px);--w:30%;--b:8px">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:conic-gradient(red,green,yellow);--w:50%;--b:3px">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:purple;--w:10px;--b:10px">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,orange 0 5px,blue 5px 10px);--w:calc(50% - 10px);--b:4px">
some content
</div>
And why not with radius:
.box {
--b: 5px; /* thickness of the border */
--c: red; /* color of the border */
--w: 20px; /* width of border */
--r: 25px; /* radius */
padding: var(--b); /* space for the border */
position:relative;
/*Irrelevant code*/
width:200px;
height:100px;
box-sizing:border-box;
margin:5px;
display:inline-flex;
font-size:30px;
justify-content:center;
align-items:center;
text-align:center;
}
.box::before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
inset: 0;
background: var(--c,red);
padding: var(--b);
border-radius: var(--r);
-webkit-mask:
linear-gradient( 0deg,#000 calc(2*var(--b)),#0000 0) 50% var(--b)/calc(100% - 2*var(--w)) 100% repeat-y,
linear-gradient(-90deg,#000 calc(2*var(--b)),#0000 0) var(--b) 50%/100% calc(100% - 2*var(--w)) repeat-x,
linear-gradient(#000 0 0) content-box,
linear-gradient(#000 0 0);
-webkit-mask-composite: destination-out;
mask-composite: exclude;
}
<div class="box">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,red,blue);--w:40px;--b:2px;--r:40px;">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,#000 0 5px,transparent 5px 10px);--w:30%;--b:8px">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:conic-gradient(red,green,yellow);--w:50%;--b:3px">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:purple;--w:10px;--b:10px;--r:0px">
some content
</div>
<div class="box" style="--c:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,orange 0 5px,blue 5px 10px);--w:calc(50% - 10px);--b:4px;--r:10px">
some content
</div>
SVG
This is another great alternative if you now want to start using vectors to allow for great responsiveness.
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="50px">
<path d="M25,2 L2,2 L2,25" fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-width="3" />
<path d="M2,75 L2,98 L25,98" fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-width="3" />
<path d="M75,98 L98,98 L98,75" fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-width="3" />
<path d="M98,25 L98,2 L75,2" fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-width="3" />
</svg>
SVG is a great tool to use. Some of the advantages of using SVG in this case are:
Curve control
Fill control (opacity, color)
Stroke control (width, opacity, color)
Amount of code
Time to build and maintain the shape
Scalable
No HTTP request (if used inline like in the example)
Browser support for inline SVG goes back to Internet Explorer 9. See canIuse for more information.
You could absolutely position four <div>s, one in each corner, each with the appropriate two borders.
.corners {
position: relative;
width: 50px; /* for demo purposes */
padding: 10px;
}
.top, .bottom {
position: absolute;
width: 20px;
height: 20px;
pointer-events: none;
}
.top {
top: 0;
border-top: 1px solid;
}
.bottom {
bottom: 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid;
}
.left {
left: 0;
border-left: 1px solid;
}
.right {
right: 0;
border-right: 1px solid;
}
<div class="corners">
<div class="top left"></div>
<div class="top right"></div>
<div class="bottom right"></div>
<div class="bottom left"></div>
content goes here
</div>
Here are a couple of methods to create this effect without using any extra pseudo/real elements. One thing to note is that both these approaches would work only in modern browsers because they use CSS3 properties.
Using border-image: The border-image property makes it pretty easy to create such effects. The approach is as follows:
Create a transparent image which has borders just in the corner like here.
Set this image as the border-image-source and let the browser take care of the rest :) Since the default value for border-image-repeat is stretch, the browser would stretch the original image to fit the container even if the container becomes large.
The value set for the border-image-width property determines how thick the borders are.
.bordered {
background-color: beige;
border-image-source: url("http://i.stack.imgur.com/s2CAw.png");
border-image-slice: 1;
border-image-width: 5px;
}
.square {
height: 150px;
width: 150px;
}
.large-square {
height: 350px;
width: 350px;
}
/* Just for demo */
div {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
<div class='bordered square'></div>
<div class='bordered large-square'></div>
Advantages:
Needs no extra elements (pseudo or real) which means less cluttered markup, pseudo elements can be used for other needs.
Is reasonably responsive. That is browser will adapt the borders even if container's dimensions change.
Drawbacks:
Relatively lower browser support. If IE10- support is needed then this is a no-go.
Since the border image is getting stretched, if the original image's canvas is a square and the container is a rectangle then the borders would look wider at top and bottom than left and right.
.bordered {
background-color: beige;
border-image-source: url("http://i.stack.imgur.com/s2CAw.png");
border-image-slice: 2;
border-image-width: 5px;
}
.small-square {
height: 75px;
width: 75px;
}
.square {
height: 150px;
width: 150px;
}
.large-square {
height: 350px;
width: 350px;
}
.rectangle {
height: 150px;
width: 250px;
}
.large-rectangle {
height: 150px;
width: 350px;
}
/* Just for demo */
div {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
<div class='bordered small-square'></div>
<div class='bordered square'></div>
<div class='bordered large-square'></div>
<div class='bordered rectangle'></div>
<div class='bordered large-rectangle'></div>
Using background-image: The background-image property can also be used with linear-gradient images to produce the effect. The approach is as follows:
Create four linear-gradient images (two for top, bottom and two for left, right). These gradients would start with required color and continue to be that color for as many pixels as the width/height of the border image. After that it should be transparent.
For top and bottom borders, gradient's direction should be to right. For left and right borders, it should be to bottom.
The background-size value determines the thickness of the border. For top and bottom borders, the size of the gradient image would be 100% in X-axis and 5px (thickness) in Y-axis. For left and right borders, the size would 5px (thickness) in X-axis and 100% in Y-axis.
The background-repeat should be set to repeat-x for the top, bottom borders and to repeat-y for left and right borders.
The background-position is set to (-1 * half the size of the color in gradient) in the X or Y-axis as appropriate. This is to make half of the colored area appear on one side of the element while the other half appears on the other side (because gradient is repeating).
.bordered.square {
height: 150px;
width: 150px;
}
.bordered.rectangle {
height: 150px;
width: 250px;
}
.bordered {
background-color: beige;
background-image: linear-gradient(to right, black 30px, transparent 30px), linear-gradient(to right, black 30px, transparent 30px), linear-gradient(to bottom, black 30px, transparent 30px), linear-gradient(to bottom, black 30px, transparent 30px);
background-size: 100% 5px, 100% 5px, 5px 100%, 5px 100%;
background-position: -15px 0%, -15px 100%, 0% -15px, 100% -15px;
background-repeat: repeat-x, repeat-x, repeat-y, repeat-y;
}
/* Just for demo */
div {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
<div class='bordered square'></div>
<div class='bordered rectangle'></div>
Advantages:
Needs no extra elements (pseudo or real) which means less cluttered markup, pseudo elements can be used for other needs.
Is reasonably responsive as the width of the color in gradient is fixed. If the width of the borders dashes need to change according to the container's dimensions then we can change the pixels value in gradient to percentage (with a few more minor changes) like in below snippet.
.bordered.square {
height: 150px;
width: 150px;
}
.bordered.large-square {
height: 250px;
width: 250px;
}
.bordered {
background-color: beige;
background-image: linear-gradient(to right, black 10%, transparent 10%), linear-gradient(to right, black 10%, transparent 10%), linear-gradient(to bottom, black 10%, transparent 10%), linear-gradient(to bottom, black 10%, transparent 10%);
background-size: 90% 5px, 90% 5px, 5px 90%, 5px 90%;
background-position: 0% 0%, 0% 100%, 0% 0%, 100% 0%;
background-repeat: repeat-x, repeat-x, repeat-y, repeat-y;
}
/* Just for demo */
div {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
<div class='bordered square'></div>
<div class='bordered large-square'></div>
Drawbacks:
Relatively better browser support. If IE9- support is needed then this is a no-go.
If percentage based gradient is used then the same drawback with rectangles as mentioned for border-image would be applicable here also.
clip-path
Using two div's on top of each other.
And adding a clip-path to div that is in the back you can create a border like effect.
.wrapper {
display: inline-block;
background-color: black;
line-height: 0px;
-webkit-clip-path: polygon(0% 100%, 30% 100%, 30% 70%, 70% 70%, 70% 100%, 100% 100%, 100% 70%, 70% 70%, 70% 30%, 100% 30%, 100% 0%, 70% 0%, 70% 30%, 30% 30%, 30% 0%, 0% 0%, 0% 30%, 30% 30%, 30% 70%, 0% 70%);
clip-path: polygon(0% 100%,
30% 100%,
30% 70%,
70% 70%,
70% 100%,
100% 100%,
100% 70%,
70% 70%,
70% 30%,
100% 30%,
100% 0%,
70% 0%,
70% 30%,
30% 30%,
30% 0%,
0% 0%,
0% 30%,
30% 30%,
30% 70%,
0% 70%);
}
.wrapper {} .wrapper div {
display: inline-block;
height: 150px;
width: 150px;
margin: 10px;
background-color: white;
}
<div class="wrapper">
<div></div>
</div>
two pseudo elements
Using two large pseudo elements you can create the border effect.
.cut-border {
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
border: 5px solid black;
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
}
.cut-border::before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
height: calc(100% + 10px);
width: 50%;
background-color: white;
top: -5px;
left: 25%;
}
.cut-border::after {
content: "";
position: absolute;
height: 50%;
width: calc(100% + 10px);
background-color: white;
top: 25%;
left: -5px;
}
<div class="cut-border"></div>
An option that no one has mentioned so far is using multiple box-shadow to simulate that type of border. You would need one box-shadow for each corner:
div {
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
padding: 10px;
box-shadow:
-80px -80px 0 -70px black,
80px -80px 0 -70px black,
-80px 80px 0 -70px black,
80px 80px 0 -70px black;
}
<div>I am a box with borders only in the corners.</div>
It works by having four shadows (top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left) and reducing their size with a negative spread-radius (blur-radius will remain as zero):
box-shadow: offset-x offset-y [blur-radius] [spread-radius] [color];
While this is will work (even on IE!) and it is a simple method (no need for additional elements or pseudo-elements), it has two big shortfalls:
You need to know the size of the box to adjust the values of the box-shadow accordingly (or at least have a general idea to adjust the values of the shadows, because they don't accept percentages).
The corners will not be exactly squared. Instead, they will be proportional to the box size. This could be avoided by using 8 shadows instead of 4, but things get messy then.
In the end, using background gradients may be a better option and provides "more control" because it is all within the box. It could be achieved just with 4 linear-gradients (some answers indicate 8):
div {
--size: 32px;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
padding: 10px;
background:
linear-gradient(blue var(--size), transparent 0 calc(100% - var(--size)), blue 0) 0 0 / 4px 100%,
linear-gradient(blue var(--size), transparent 0 calc(100% - var(--size)), blue 0) 100% 0 / 4px 100%,
linear-gradient(to right, blue var(--size), transparent 0 calc(100% - var(--size)), blue 0) 0 0 / 100% 4px,
linear-gradient(to right, blue var(--size), transparent 0 calc(100% - var(--size)), blue 0) 0 100% / 100% 4px
;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
<div>I am a box with borders only in the corners.</div>
I found this question, but I was not satisfied with the border-radius approach: As I was using more thick borders, the effect was not as good as I wanted to. I managed to create another solution, without images, and without any extra markup:
.box {
/* fake border */
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 0px 10px green;
padding: 1em;
}
.box:before {
/* this element will hide the fake border on the top and bottom */
content:'';
display: block;
position: absolute;
border-top:10px solid white;
border-bottom:10px solid white;
/* height = border-width x2 */
height:calc(100% - 20px);
top:0;
/* width = size of fake-border x2 */
width: calc(100% - 36px);
/* left = size of fake-border */
left:18px;
}
.box:after {
/* this element will hide the fake border on the left and right */
/* the rules for width, heigth, top and left will be the opposite of the former element */
display: block;
position: absolute;
content:'';
border-right:10px solid white;
border-left:10px solid white;
height:calc(100% - 36px);
width: calc(100% - 20px);
top:18px;
left: 0;
}
Here's a JSFiddle with this example: https://jsfiddle.net/t6dbmq3e/
Hope it helps.
Here is something that i did recently with content centred both vertically and horizontally.
The HTML
<div class="column">
<div class="c-frame-wrapper">
<div class="c-frame-tl"></div>
<div class="c-frame-tr"></div>
<div class="c-frame-br"></div>
<div class="c-frame-bl"></div>
<div class="c-frame-content">
© Copyright 2015 - Company name<br /><br />
St Winifrids St,<br />
The Saints, Harrogate HG1 5PZ, UK<br />
</div>
</div>
</div>
The CSS
.c-frame-wrapper {
width: 250px;
height: 100px;
font-size:11px;
color: $dark-grey-lighten-70;
/* center align x axis */
right: auto;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
}
.c-frame-tl {
top: 0;
left: 0;
position: absolute;
width:10px;
height:10px;
border-width: 3px;
border-style: solid none none solid;
border-color: #eb0000;
}
.c-frame-tr {
top: 0;
right: 0;
position: absolute;
width:10px;
height:10px;
border-width: 3px;
border-style: solid solid none none;
border-color: #eb0000;
}
.c-frame-br {
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
position: absolute;
width:10px;
height:10px;
border-width: 3px;
border-style: none solid solid none;
border-color: #eb0000;
}
.c-frame-bl {
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
position: absolute;
width:10px;
height:10px;
border-width: 3px;
border-style: none none solid solid;
border-color: #eb0000;
}
.c-frame-content {
width:100%;
text-align: center;
/*center alignment x and y*/
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
bottom: auto;
right: auto;
transform: translate(-50%,-50%);
}
JSFiddle
i think the best solution is the pseudo element method. Nice and clean and doesn't pollute the html with (too many) extra elements.
I created this sass mixin using the code above, for a copy&paste solution:
#mixin corner-borders($corner-width: 1px, $corner-size: 5px, $color-border: grey, $color-background: white) {
position: relative;
border: $corner-width solid $color-border;
background-color: $color-background;
&::before {
content: "";
z-index: 0;
position: absolute;
top: -$corner-width;
bottom: -$corner-width;
left: $corner-size;
right: $corner-size;
background-color: $color-background;
}
&::after {
content: "";
z-index: 0;
position: absolute;
top: $corner-size;
bottom: $corner-size;
left: -$corner-width;
right: -$corner-width;
background-color: $color-background;
}
}
Then you can use it like this:
html:
<div class="border">
<div class="content">
Content
</div>
</div>
SCSS
.border {
#include corner-borders;
}
.content {
position: relative;
z-index: 1;
}
You need the z-index & relative position in there so the content sits on top of the pseudo elements.
I made a codepen demo here: http://codepen.io/timrross/pen/XMwVbV
I took Majid Laissi's answer and modified to be more understandable, simple and easy to modify.
img{
width:70px;
height:70px;
position:absolute;
top:50%;
left:50%;
transform:translate(-50%,-50%);
}
.custom-corners {
position: relative;
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
background-color: white;
border: 1px solid black;
}
.custom-corners:before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
top: -1px;
left: -1px;
border: 1px solid #fff;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
border-radius: 10%;
}
.custom-corners:after {
content: '';
position: absolute;
bottom: -1px;
right: -1px;
border: 1px solid #fff;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
border-radius: 10%;
}
<div class="custom-corners">
<img src="https://cdn.logo.com/hotlink-ok/logo-social-sq.png" alt="">
</div>
Ok as i suck in CSS i think i'll not be able to do it myself but i do that and it seems work :
<div id="half" style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; width:30px; height:30px; overflow:visible; border-top:3px solid #F00; border-left:3px solid #06F;"></div>
<div id="half" style="position:absolute; bottom:0; right:0; width:30px; height:30px; overflow:visible; border-bottom:3px solid #F00; border-right:3px solid #06F;"></div>
And it seems to be working ;-) Sorry for disturb and thanks for your help.
There is no clean css way to just give the corners a border, but you could try to mimic the effect. Something like this perhaps: http://jsfiddle.net/RLG4z/
<div id="corners">
<div id="content">
content
</div>
</div>
#corners {
width: 200px;
height: 50px;
border-radius: 10px;
background-color: red;
margin: 10px;
}
#content {
background-color: white;
border-radius: 15px;
height: 30px;
padding: 10px;
}
due to the difference in border radius, the background color of the underlying div shows trough, giving the effect of a border on the corners.
Personally I think i would work with background images to achieve this, for better controle of the result.
This is your picture:
HTML:
<div class="shell">
<div class="top">
<div class="clear">
<div class="left">
****
</div>
<div class="right">
****
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear">
<div class="left">
*
</div>
<div class="right">
*
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear">
<div class="left">
*
</div>
<div class="right">
*
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<p>CONTENT</p>
</div>
<div class="bottom">
<div class="clear">
<div class="left">
*
</div>
<div class="right">
*
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear">
<div class="left">
*
</div>
<div class="right">
*
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear">
<div class="left">
****
</div>
<div class="right">
****
</div>
</div>
</div>
and CSS:
.shell { width: 200px;}
.left{ float:left; }
.right{float:right; }
.clear { clear: both; line-height: 10px; }
.content { line-height: 10px; text-align: center; }
Here is a modified version of the above answer, this version has relative positioned parent and absolute positioned child so we can add the on hover effect.
http://jsfiddle.net/3jo5btxd/
HTML:
<div id="div1"><div id="div2"><img src="http://placekitten.com/g/82/82"></div></div>
CSS:
#div1 {
position: relative;
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
background-color: white;
border: 1px solid transparent;
}
#div2 {
position: absolute;
top: -2px;
left: -2px;
height: 84px;
width: 84px;
background-color: #FFF;
border-radius: 15px;
padding: 10px;
}
#div1:hover {
border: 1px solid red;
}
I liked #Tims approach, but it forced me to set a background color to the box, which I did not want, since I it to put the focus on a background image object.
In my case I only needed 2 edges also, which makes it possible to structure it a little different.
I therefore structured it a little different, that makes it more flexible and still works in every browser.
The solution does not work if you need 4 corners, but just wanted to leave it here for future searchers.
:root {
--border-width: 5px;
--corner-size: 20px;
--border-color: red;
}
.box-corners {
position:relative;
}
.box-corners::before,
.box-corners::after {
content: "";
position: absolute;
width:var(--corner-size);
height:var(--corner-size);
border:var(--border-width) solid var(--border-color);
}
.box-corners::before {
left: 0;
top: 0;
border-bottom:none;
border-right:none;
}
.box-corners::after {
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
border-left:none;
border-top:none;
}
/* ############## THIS IS JUST OPTIONAL FOR THE HOVER EFFECT ############# */
.box-corners {
transition:background-color 0.3s ease-in-out;
}
.box-corners:hover {
background:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)!important;
}
.box-corners::before,
.box-corners::after {
box-sizing:border-box;
transition:width 0.3s ease-in-out, height 0.3s ease-in-out;
}
.box-corners:hover::before,
.box-corners:hover::after {
width:100%;
height:100%;
}
<div class="box-corners" style="width:300px;height:300px;background:#f7f7f7;" />
Hover effect
You only need the first part of the css code to make the edges work.
The second part just allows to easily add a nice hover effect, that you could also just remove, if you don't need it.
Without CSS Variables and Sass
If you don't want to use css variables, you can just replace the variables with hardcoded values.
If you want to make a sass mixin out of it, just wrap it in a #mixin call and replace the vars with sass variables.
.border_coners {
background:
linear-gradient(to right, #e5e5e5 1px, transparent 1px) 0 0,
linear-gradient(to right, #e5e5e5 1px, transparent 1px) 0 100%,
linear-gradient(to left, #e5e5e5 1px, transparent 1px) 100% 0,
linear-gradient(to left, #e5e5e5 1px, transparent 1px) 100% 100%,
linear-gradient(to bottom, #e5e5e5 1px, transparent 1px) 0 0,
linear-gradient(to bottom, #e5e5e5 1px, transparent 1px) 100% 0,
linear-gradient(to top, #e5e5e5 1px, transparent 1px) 0 100%,
linear-gradient(to top, #e5e5e5 1px, transparent 1px) 100% 100%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 50px 50px;
}
I adapted the border radius approach, but I didn't want to use absolute positioning or have to know the size of the content.
Fortunately setting a negative margin in all directions provides everything we need:
.corner-borders {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
}
.corner-borders-reveal {
border-radius: 20%; /* or any other size */
border: 1px solid white;
margin: -1px;
padding: 4px;
}
Related
I need to create a line in pure CSS with a dimple in the middle. Is it possible? If so, how might I do this?
The CSS rules that I'm familiar to make the entire div to semicircular or change element border.
For example: border-radius, or perspective or border-top-radius...
Here's my take using absolutely-positioned pseudo content and a relative container. I create an oval shape in the ::after content and hide the top half of it using overflow: hidden.
.thing {
width: 400px;
height: 200px;
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
}
.thing::before,
.thing::after {
content: '';
z-index: 1;
position: absolute;
}
.thing::before {
border-top: 2px solid black;
left: 0;
right: 0;
top: 0;
height: 2px;
}
.thing::after {
border-radius: 60%;
left: 20px;
right: 20px;
height: 300px;
border: 2px solid black;
top: -234px;
background-color: white;
}
html { margin: 3em; }
<div class="thing"></div>
jsFiddle
You can consider multiple background. A radial-gradient for the curve and linear-gradient for the small lines:
.box {
width:300px;
height:200px;
background:
linear-gradient(#000,#000) top left/70px 5px,
linear-gradient(#000,#000) top right/70px 5px,
radial-gradient(circle 100px, /*circle with 100px radius*/
transparent calc(100% - 6px), #000 calc(100% - 5px), /*around 5px border*/
#000 99%,transparent 100%)
0 -150px; /*we move the centre of the circle by -150px to top*/
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
body {
background:pink;
}
<div class="box"></div>
You can add CSS variable to better control the different values. I will consider another syntax to better control the top lines using another radial-gradient that will be the same as the main one but with a reduce size so we only see a small part of it and we keep its last color to be black to have our lines.
.box {
--b:5px; /*border*/
--r:100px; /*radius*/
--p:50px; /*offset from top */
height:100px;
background:
radial-gradient(circle var(--r)
at 50% calc(-1*var(--p)),
transparent calc(100% - var(--b) - 1px), #000 calc(100% - var(--b)),
#000 100%)
0 0/100% var(--b),
radial-gradient(circle var(--r)
at 50% calc(-1*var(--p)),
transparent calc(100% - var(--b) - 1px), #000 calc(100% - var(--b)),
#000 99%,transparent 100%);
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
body {
background:pink;
}
<div class="box"></div>
<div class="box" style="--rad:80px;--p:20px;"></div>
<div class="box" style="--rad:50px;--p:20px;--b:2px"></div>
<div class="box" style="--rad:100px;--p:70px;--b:8px"></div>
its not possible with border-radius , try with clip-path
There're plenty of different CSS shapes over at CSS Tricks - Shapes of CSS and I'm particularly puzzled with a triangle:
#triangle-up {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 100px solid red;
}
<div id="triangle-up"></div>
How and why does it work?
CSS Triangles: A Tragedy in Five Acts
As alex said, borders of equal width butt up against each other at 45 degree angles:
When you have no top border, it looks like this:
Then you give it a width of 0...
...and a height of 0...
...and finally, you make the two side borders transparent:
That results in a triangle.
The borders use an angled edge where they intersect (45° angle with equal width borders, but changing the border widths can skew the angle).
div {
width: 60px;
border-width: 30px;
border-color: red blue green yellow;
border-style: solid;
}
<div></div>
Have a look to the jsFiddle.
By hiding certain borders, you can get the triangle effect (as you can see above by making the different portions different colours). transparent is often used as an edge colour to achieve the triangle shape.
Start with a basic square and borders. Each border will be given a different color so we can tell them apart:
.triangle {
border-color: yellow blue red green;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 200px 200px 200px 200px;
height: 0px;
width: 0px;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
which gives you this:
But there's no need for the top border, so set its width to 0px. Now our border-bottom of 200px will make our triangle 200px tall.
.triangle {
border-color: yellow blue red green;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 0px 200px 200px 200px;
height: 0px;
width: 0px;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
and we will get this:
Then to hide the two side triangles, set the border-color to transparent. Since the top-border has been effectively deleted, we can set the border-top-color to transparent as well.
.triangle {
border-color: transparent transparent red transparent;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 0px 200px 200px 200px;
height: 0px;
width: 0px;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
finally we get this:
Different approach:
CSS3 triangles with transform rotate
Triangular shape is pretty easy to make using this technique. For people who prefer to see an animation explaining how this technique works here it is :
Link to the ANIMATION : How to make a CSS3 triangle.
And DEMO : CSS3 triangles made with transform rotate.
Otherwise, here is detailed explanation in 4 acts (this is not a tragedy) of how to make an isosceles right-angled triangle with one element.
Note 1 : for non isosceles triangles and fancy stuff, you can see step 4.
Note 2 : in the following snippets, the vendor prefixes aren't included. they are included in the codepen demos.
Note 3 : the HTML for the following explanation is always : <div class="tr"></div>
STEP 1 : Make a div
Easy, just make sure that width = 1.41 x height. You may use any techinque (see here) including the use of percentages and padding-bottom to maintain the aspect ratio and make a responsive triangle. In the following image, the div has a golden yellow border.
In that div, insert a pseudo element and give it 100% width and height of parent. The pseudo element has a blue background in the following image.
At this point, we have this CSS :
.tr {
width: 30%;
padding-bottom: 21.27%; /* = width / 1.41 */
position: relative;
}
.tr: before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: #0079C6;
}
STEP 2 : Let's rotate
First, most important : define a transform origin. The default origin is in the center of the pseudo element and we need it at the bottom left. By adding this CSS to the pseudo element :
transform-origin:0 100%; or transform-origin: left bottom;
Now we can rotate the pseudo element 45 degrees clockwise with transform : rotate(45deg);
At this point, we have this CSS :
.tr {
width: 30%;
padding-bottom: 21.27%; /* = width / 1.41 */
position: relative;
}
.tr:before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: #0079C6;
transform-origin: 0 100%;
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
STEP 3 : hide it
To hide the unwanted parts of the pseudo element (everything that overflows the div with the yellow border) you just need to set overflow:hidden; on the container. after removing the yellow border, you get... a TRIANGLE! :
DEMO
CSS :
.tr {
width: 30%;
padding-bottom: 21.27%; /* = width / 1.41 */
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
}
.tr:before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background-color: #0079C6;
transform-origin: 0 100%;
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
STEP 4 : go further...
As shown in the demo, you can customize the triangles :
Make them thinner or flatter by playing with skewX().
Make them point left, right or any other direction by playing with the transform origin and rotation direction.
Make some reflexion with 3D transform property.
Give the triangle borders
Put an image inside the triangle
Much more... Unleash the powers of CSS3!
Why use this technique?
Triangle can easily be responsive.
You can make a triangle with border.
You can maintain the boundaries of the triangle. This means that you can trigger the hover state or click event only when the cursor is inside the triangle. This can become very handy in some situations like this one where each triangle can't overlay its neighbours so each triangle has its own hover state.
You can make some fancy effects like reflections.
It will help you understand 2d and 3d transform properties.
Why not use this technique?
The main drawback is the browser compatibility, the 2d transform properties are supported by IE9+ and therefore you can't use this technique if you plan on supporting IE8. See CanIuse for more info. For some fancy effects using 3d transforms like the reflection browser support is IE10+ (see canIuse for more info).
You don't need anything responsive and a plain triangle is fine for you then you should go for the border technique explained here : better browser compatibility and easier to understand thanks to the amazing posts here.
Here is an animation in JSFiddle I created for demonstration.
Also see snippet below.
This is an Animated GIF made from a Screencast
transforms = [
{'border-left-width' :'30', 'margin-left': '70'},
{'border-bottom-width' :'80'},
{'border-right-width' :'30'},
{'border-top-width' :'0', 'margin-top': '70'},
{'width' :'0'},
{'height' :'0', 'margin-top': '120'},
{'borderLeftColor' :'transparent'},
{'borderRightColor' :'transparent'}
];
$('#a').click(function() {$('.border').trigger("click");});
(function($) {
var duration = 1000
$('.border').click(function() {
for ( var i=0; i < transforms.length; i++ ) {
$(this)
.animate(transforms[i], duration)
}
}).end()
}(jQuery))
.border {
margin: 20px 50px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
border-width: 50px;
border-style: solid;
border-top-color: green;
border-right-color: yellow;
border-bottom-color: red;
border-left-color: blue;
cursor: pointer
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/color/jquery.color-2.1.2.min.js"></script>
Click it!<br>
<div class="border"></div>
Random version
/**
* Randomize array element order in-place.
* Using Durstenfeld shuffle algorithm.
*/
function shuffleArray(array) {
for (var i = array.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
var j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));
var temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
return array;
}
transforms = [
{'border-left-width' :'30', 'margin-left': '70'},
{'border-bottom-width' :'80'},
{'border-right-width' :'30'},
{'border-top-width' :'0', 'margin-top': '70'},
{'width' :'0'},
{'height' :'0'},
{'borderLeftColor' :'transparent'},
{'borderRightColor' :'transparent'}
];
transforms = shuffleArray(transforms)
$('#a').click(function() {$('.border').trigger("click");});
(function($) {
var duration = 1000
$('.border').click(function() {
for ( var i=0; i < transforms.length; i++ ) {
$(this)
.animate(transforms[i], duration)
}
}).end()
}(jQuery))
.border {
margin: 50px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
border-width: 50px;
border-style: solid;
border-top-color: green;
border-right-color: yellow;
border-bottom-color: red;
border-left-color: blue;
cursor: pointer
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/color/jquery.color-2.1.2.min.js"></script>
Click it!<br>
<div class="border"></div>
All at once version
$('#a').click(function() {$('.border').trigger("click");});
(function($) {
var duration = 1000
$('.border').click(function() {
$(this)
.animate({'border-top-width': 0 ,
'border-left-width': 30 ,
'border-right-width': 30 ,
'border-bottom-width': 80 ,
'width': 0 ,
'height': 0 ,
'margin-left': 100,
'margin-top': 150,
'borderTopColor': 'transparent',
'borderRightColor': 'transparent',
'borderLeftColor': 'transparent'}, duration)
}).end()
}(jQuery))
.border {
margin: 50px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
border-width: 50px;
border-style: solid;
border-top-color: green;
border-right-color: yellow;
border-bottom-color: red;
border-left-color: blue;
cursor: pointer
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/color/jquery.color-2.1.2.min.js"></script>
Click it!<br>
<div class="border"></div>
Lets say we have the following div:
<div id="triangle" />
Now Edit the CSS step-by-step, so you will get clear idea what is happening around
STEP 1:
JSfiddle Link:
#triangle {
background: purple;
width :150px;
height:150PX;
border-left: 50px solid black ;
border-right: 50px solid black;
border-bottom: 50px solid black;
border-top: 50px solid black;
}
This is a simple div. With a very simple CSS. So a layman can understand. Div has dimensions 150 x 150 pixels with the border 50 pixels. The image is attached:
STEP 2: JSfiddle Link:
#triangle {
background: purple;
width :150px;
height:150PX;
border-left: 50px solid yellow ;
border-right: 50px solid green;
border-bottom: 50px solid red;
border-top: 50px solid blue;
}
Now I just changed the border-color of all 4 sides. The image is attached.
STEP:3 JSfiddle Link:
#triangle {
background: purple;
width :0;
height:0;
border-left: 50px solid yellow ;
border-right: 50px solid green;
border-bottom: 50px solid red;
border-top: 50px solid blue;
}
Now I just changed the height & width of div from 150 pixels to zero. The image is attached
STEP 4: JSfiddle:
#triangle {
background: purple;
width :0px;
height:0px;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 50px solid red;
border-top: 50px solid transparent;
}
Now I have made all the borders transparent apart from the bottom border. The image is attached below.
STEP 5: JSfiddle Link:
#triangle {
background: white;
width :0px;
height:0px;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 50px solid red;
border-top: 50px solid transparent;
}
Now I just changed the background color to white. The image is attached.
Hence we got the triangle we needed.
And now something completely different...
Instead of using css tricks don't forget about solutions as simple as html entities:
▲
Result:
▲
See: What are the HTML entities for up and down triangles?
Consider the below triangle
.triangle {
border-bottom:15px solid #000;
border-left:10px solid transparent;
border-right:10px solid transparent;
width:0;
height:0;
}
This is what we are given:
Why it came out in this shape? The below diagram explains the dimensions, note that 15px was used for the bottom border and 10px was used for left and right.
It's pretty easy to make a right-angle triangle also by removing the right border.
Taking it one step further, using css based on this I added arrows to my back and next buttons (yes I know its not 100% cross-browser, but slick none the less).
.triangle {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 100px solid red;
margin:20px auto;
}
.triangle-down {
border-bottom:none;
border-top: 100px solid red;
}
.triangle-left {
border-left:none;
border-right: 100px solid red;
border-bottom: 50px solid transparent;
border-top: 50px solid transparent;
}
.triangle-right {
border-right:none;
border-left: 100px solid red;
border-bottom: 50px solid transparent;
border-top: 50px solid transparent;
}
.triangle-after:after {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-left: 5px solid transparent;
border-right: 5px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 5px solid red;
margin:0 5px;
content:"";
display:inline-block;
}
.triangle-after-right:after {
border-right:none;
border-left: 5px solid blue;
border-bottom: 5px solid transparent;
border-top: 5px solid transparent;
}
.triangle-before:before {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-left: 5px solid transparent;
border-right: 5px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 5px solid blue;
margin:0 5px;
content:"";
display:inline-block;
}
.triangle-before-left:before {
border-left:none;
border-right: 5px solid blue;
border-bottom: 5px solid transparent;
border-top: 5px solid transparent;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
<div class="triangle triangle-down"></div>
<div class="triangle triangle-left"></div>
<div class="triangle triangle-right"></div>
<a class="triangle-before triangle-before-left" href="#">Back</a>
<a class="triangle-after triangle-after-right" href="#">Next</a>
CSS clip-path
This is something I feel this question has missed; clip-path
clip-path in a nutshell
Clipping, with the clip-path property, is akin to cutting a shape (like a circle or a pentagon) from a rectangular piece of paper. The property belongs to the “CSS Masking Module Level 1” specification. The spec states, “CSS masking provides two means for partially or fully hiding portions of visual elements: masking and clipping”.
Extract from Smashing Magazine
clip-path will use the element itself rather than its borders to cut the shape you specify in its parameters. It uses a super simple percentage based co-ordinate system which makes editing it very easy and means you can pick it up and create weird and wonderful shapes in a matter of minutes.
Triangle Shape Example
div {
-webkit-clip-path: polygon(50% 0%, 0% 100%, 100% 100%);
clip-path: polygon(50% 0%, 0% 100%, 100% 100%);
background: red;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
}
<div></div>
Downside
It does have a major downside at the moment, one being it's major lack of support, only really being covered within -webkit- browsers and having no support on IE and only very partial in FireFox.
Resources
Here are some useful resources and material to help better understand clip-path and also start creating your own.
Clippy - A clip-path generator
The W3C Candidate Recommendation File
MDN clip-path documentation
clip-path Browser Support
Different approach. With linear gradient (for IE, only IE 10+).
You can use any angle:
.triangle {
margin: 50px auto;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
/* linear gradient */
background: -moz-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255,0,0,0) 0%, rgba(255,0,0,0) 50%, rgba(255,0,0,1) 50%, rgba(255,0,0,1) 100%);
/* FF3.6+ */
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(255,0,0,0)), color-stop(50%,rgba(255,0,0,0)), color-stop(50%,rgba(255,0,0,1)), color-stop(100%,rgba(255,0,0,1)));
/* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255,0,0,0) 0%,rgba(255,0,0,0) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 100%);
/* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: -o-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255,0,0,0) 0%,rgba(255,0,0,0) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 100%);
/* Opera 11.10+ */
background: -ms-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255,0,0,0) 0%,rgba(255,0,0,0) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 100%);
/* IE10+ */
background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255,0,0,0) 0%,rgba(255,0,0,0) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 100%);
/* W3C */;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
Here is jsfiddle
OK, this triangle will get created because of the way that borders of the elements work together in HTML and CSS...
As we usually use 1 or 2px borders, we never notice that borders make a 45° angles to each others with the same width and if the width changes, the angle degree get changed as well, run the CSS code I created below:
.triangle {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border-left: 50px solid black;
border-right: 50px solid black;
border-bottom: 100px solid red;
}
<div class="triangle">
</div>
Then in the next step, we don't have any width or height, something like this:
.triangle {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-left: 50px solid black;
border-right: 50px solid black;
border-bottom: 100px solid red;
}
<div class="triangle">
</div>
And now we make the left and right borders invisible to make our desirable triangle as below:
.triangle {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 100px solid red;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
If you not willing to run the snippet to see the steps, I've created an image sequence to have a look at all steps in one image:
This is an old question, but I think will worth it to share how to create an arrow using this triangle technique.
Step 1:
Lets create 2 triangles, for the second one we will use the :after pseudo class and position it just below the other:
.arrow{
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-radius: 50px;
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
}
.arrow:after{
content: "";
width: 0;
height: 0;
position: absolute;
}
.arrow-up{
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 50px solid #333;
}
.arrow-up:after{
top: 5px;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 50px solid #ccc;
right: -50px;
}
<div class="arrow arrow-up"> </div>
Step 2
Now we just have to set the predominant border color of the second triangle to the same color of the background:
.arrow{
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-radius: 50px;
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
}
.arrow:after{
content: "";
width: 0;
height: 0;
position: absolute;
}
.arrow-up{
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 50px solid #333;
}
.arrow-up:after{
top: 5px;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 50px solid #fff;
right: -50px;
}
<div class="arrow arrow-up"> </div>
Fiddle with all the arrows:
http://jsfiddle.net/tomsarduy/r0zksgeu/
If you want to apply border to the triangle read this: Create a triangle with CSS?
Almost all the answers focus on the triangle built using border so I am going to elaborate the linear-gradient method (as started in the answer of #lima_fil).
Using a degree value like 45° will force us to respect a specific ratio of height/width in order to obtain the triangle we want and this won't be responsive:
.tri {
width:100px;
height:100px;
background:linear-gradient(45deg, transparent 49.5%,red 50%);
/*To illustrate*/
border:1px solid;
}
Good one
<div class="tri"></div>
bad one
<div class="tri" style="width:150px"></div>
bad one
<div class="tri" style="height:30px"></div>
Instead of doing this we should consider predefined values of direction like to bottom, to top, etc. In this case we can obtain any kind of triangle shape while keeping it responsive.
1) Rectangle triangle
To obtain such triangle we need one linear-gradient and a diagonal direction like to bottom right, to top left, to bottom left, etc
.tri-1,.tri-2 {
display:inline-block;
width:100px;
height:100px;
background:linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 49.5%,red 50%);
border:1px solid;
animation:change 2s linear infinite alternate;
}
.tri-2 {
background:linear-gradient(to top right, transparent 49.5%,red 50%);
border:none;
}
#keyframes change {
from {
width:100px;
height:100px;
}
to {
height:50px;
width:180px;
}
}
<div class="tri-1"></div>
<div class="tri-2"></div>
2) isosceles triangle
For this one we will need 2 linear-gradient like above and each one will take half the width (or the height). It's like we create a mirror image of the first triangle.
.tri {
display:inline-block;
width:100px;
height:100px;
background-image:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, transparent 49.5%,red 50%),
linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 49.5%,red 50%);
background-size:50.3% 100%; /* I use a value slightly bigger than 50% to avoid having a small gap between both gradient*/
background-position:left,right;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
animation:change 2s linear infinite alternate;
}
#keyframes change {
from {
width:100px;
height:100px;
}
to {
height:50px;
width:180px;
}
}
<div class="tri"></div>
3) equilateral triangle
This one is a bit tricky to handle as we need to keep a relation between the height and width of the gradient. We will have the same triangle as above but we will make the calculation more complex in order to transform the isosceles triangle to an equilateral one.
To make it easy, we will consider that the width of our div is known and the height is big enough to be able to draw our triangle inside (height >= width).
We have our two gradient g1 and g2, the blue line is the width of the div w and each gradient will have 50% of it (w/2) and each side of the triangle sould be equal to w. The green line is the height of both gradient hg and we can easily obtain the formula below:
(w/2)² + hg² = w² ---> hg = (sqrt(3)/2) * w ---> hg = 0.866 * w
We can rely on calc() in order to do our calculation and to obtain the needed result:
.tri {
--w:100px;
width:var(--w);
height:100px;
display:inline-block;
background-image:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, transparent 49.5%,red 50%),
linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 49.5%,red 50%);
background-size:calc(var(--w)/2 + 0.5px) calc(0.866 * var(--w));
background-position:
left bottom,right bottom;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
<div class="tri"></div>
<div class="tri" style="--w:80px"></div>
<div class="tri" style="--w:50px"></div>
Another way is to control the height of div and keep the syntax of gradient easy:
.tri {
--w:100px;
width:var(--w);
height:calc(0.866 * var(--w));
display:inline-block;
background:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, transparent 49.8%,red 50%) left,
linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 49.8%,red 50%) right;
background-size:50.2% 100%;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
<div class="tri"></div>
<div class="tri" style="--w:80px"></div>
<div class="tri" style="--w:50px"></div>
4) Random triangle
To obtain a random triangle, it's easy as we simply need to remove the condition of 50% of each one BUT we should keep two condition (both should have the same height and the sum of both width should be 100%).
.tri-1 {
width:100px;
height:100px;
display:inline-block;
background-image:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, transparent 50%,red 0),
linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 50%,red 0);
background-size:20% 60%,80% 60%;
background-position:
left bottom,right bottom;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
<div class="tri-1"></div>
But what if we want to define a value for each side? We simply need to do calculation again!
Let's define hg1 and hg2 as the height of our gradient (both are equal to the red line) then wg1 and wg2 as the width of our gradient (wg1 + wg2 = a). I will not going to detail the calculation but at then end we will have:
wg2 = (a²+c²-b²)/(2a)
wg1 = a - wg2
hg1 = hg2 = sqrt(b² - wg1²) = sqrt(c² - wg2²)
Now we have reached the limit of CSS as even with calc() we won't be able to implement this so we simply need to gather the final result manually and use them as fixed size:
.tri {
--wg1: 20px;
--wg2: 60px;
--hg:30px;
width:calc(var(--wg1) + var(--wg2));
height:100px;
display:inline-block;
background-image:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, transparent 49.5%,red 50%),
linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 49.5%,red 50%);
background-size:var(--wg1) var(--hg),var(--wg2) var(--hg);
background-position:
left bottom,right bottom;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
<div class="tri" ></div>
<div class="tri" style="--wg1:80px;--wg2:60px;--hg:100px;" ></div>
Bonus
We should not forget that we can also apply rotation and/or skew and we have more option to obtain more triangle:
.tri {
--wg1: 20px;
--wg2: 60px;
--hg:30px;
width:calc(var(--wg1) + var(--wg2) - 0.5px);
height:100px;
display:inline-block;
background-image:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, transparent 49%,red 50%),
linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 49%,red 50%);
background-size:var(--wg1) var(--hg),var(--wg2) var(--hg);
background-position:
left bottom,right bottom;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
<div class="tri" ></div>
<div class="tri" style="transform:skewY(25deg)"></div>
<div class="tri" style="--wg1:80px;--wg2:60px;--hg:100px;" ></div>
<div class="tri" style="--wg1:80px;--wg2:60px;--hg:100px;transform:rotate(20deg)" ></div>
And of course we should keep in mind the SVG solution which can be more suitable in some situation:
svg {
width:100px;
height:100px;
}
polygon {
fill:red;
}
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100"><polygon points="0,100 0,0 100,100" /></svg>
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100"><polygon points="0,100 50,0 100,100" /></svg>
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100"><polygon points="0,100 50,23 100,100" /></svg>
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100"><polygon points="20,60 50,43 80,100" /></svg>
SASS (SCSS) triangle mixin
I wrote this to make it easier (and DRY) to automatically generate a CSS triangle:
// Triangle helper mixin (by Yair Even-Or)
// #param {Direction} $direction - either `top`, `right`, `bottom` or `left`
// #param {Color} $color [currentcolor] - Triangle color
// #param {Length} $size [1em] - Triangle size
#mixin triangle($direction, $color: currentcolor, $size: 1em) {
$size: $size/2;
$transparent: rgba($color, 0);
$opposite: (top:bottom, right:left, left:right, bottom:top);
content: '';
display: inline-block;
width: 0;
height: 0;
border: $size solid $transparent;
border-#{map-get($opposite, $direction)}-color: $color;
margin-#{$direction}: -$size;
}
use-case example:
span {
#include triangle(bottom, red, 10px);
}
Playground page
Important note: if the triangle seems pixelated in some browsers, try one of the methods described here.
If you want to play around with border-size, width and height and see how those can create different shapes, try this:
const sizes = [32, 32, 32, 32];
const triangle = document.getElementById('triangle');
function update({ target }) {
let index = null;
if (target) {
index = parseInt(target.id);
if (!isNaN(index)) {
sizes[index] = target.value;
}
}
window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
triangle.style.borderWidth = sizes.map(size => `${ size }px`).join(' ');
if (isNaN(index)) {
triangle.style[target.id] = `${ target.value }px`;
}
});
}
document.querySelectorAll('input').forEach(input => {
input.oninput = update;
});
update({});
body {
margin: 0;
min-height: 100vh;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
overflow: hidden;
}
#triangle {
border-style: solid;
border-color: yellow magenta blue black;
background: cyan;
height: 0px;
width: 0px;
}
#controls {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
background: white;
display: flex;
box-shadow: 0 0 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, .125);
}
#controls > div {
position: relative;
width: 25%;
padding: 8px;
box-sizing: border-box;
display: flex;
}
input {
margin: 0;
width: 100%;
position: relative;
}
<div id="triangle" style="border-width: 32px 32px 32px 32px;"></div>
<div id="controls">
<div><input type="range" min="0" max="128" value="32" id="0" /></div>
<div><input type="range" min="0" max="128" value="32" id="1" /></div>
<div><input type="range" min="0" max="128" value="32" id="2" /></div>
<div><input type="range" min="0" max="128" value="32" id="3" /></div>
<div><input type="range" min="0" max="128" value="0" id="width" /></div>
<div><input type="range" min="0" max="128" value="0" id="height" /></div>
</div>
here is another fiddle:
.container:after {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
content: "";
margin-right:-50px;
margin-bottom: -8px;
border-width: 25px;
border-style: solid;
border-color: transparent transparent transparent #000;
width: 0;
height: 0;
z-index: 10;
-webkit-transition: visibility 50ms ease-in-out,opacity 50ms ease-in-out;
transition: visibility 50ms ease-in-out,opacity 50ms ease-in-out;
bottom: 21px;
}
.container {
float: left;
margin-top: 100px;
position: relative;
width: 150px;
height: 80px;
background-color: #000;
}
.containerRed {
float: left;
margin-top: 100px;
position: relative;
width: 100px;
height: 80px;
background-color: red;
}
https://jsfiddle.net/qdhvdb17/
Others have already explained this well. Let me give you an animation which will explain this quickly: http://codepen.io/chriscoyier/pen/lotjh
Here is some code for you to play with and learn the concepts.
HTML:
<html>
<body>
<div id="border-demo">
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS:
/*border-width is border thickness*/
#border-demo {
background: gray;
border-color: yellow blue red green;/*top right bottom left*/
border-style: solid;
border-width: 25px 25px 25px 25px;/*top right bottom left*/
height: 50px;
width: 50px;
}
Play with this and see what happens. Set height and width to zero. Then remove top border and make left and right transparent, or just look at the code below to make a css triangle:
#border-demo {
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 100px solid blue;
}
I know this is an old one, but I'd like to add to this discussion that There are at least 5 different methods for creating a triangle using HTML & CSS alone.
Using borders
Using linear-gradient
Using conic-gradient
Using
transform and overflow
Using clip-path
I think that all have been covered here except for method 3, using the conic-gradient, so I will share it here:
.triangle{
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
background: conic-gradient(at 50% 50%,transparent 135deg,green 0,green 225deg, transparent 0);
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
use clip-path: polygon(50% 0%, 100% 100%, 0% 100%); for creating easy to Triangle
<div class="triangle"></div>
.triangle{width:200px; height:200px;background:#000;clip-path: polygon(50% 0%, 100% 100%, 0% 100%);}
After reading through the other answers here I see there are great explanations as to why the CSS triangle works the way it does. I would consider it to be somewhat of a trick, versus something that you could apply generically.
For something that's easier to read and maintain, I would recommend you define your geometry in SVG.
Then you can convert that SVG using data uri by adding the data:image/svg+xml, prefix. As a data uri, it can now be used as a background-image in a CSS. Because the SVG is in clear text, you can readily make updates to the geometry, stroke, and fill color.
div.tri {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
display: inline-block;
background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="red" d="M31.345 29H1.655L16.5 1.96z"/></svg>');
}
<div>
<div class="tri"></div>
<div class="tri"></div>
<div class="tri"></div>
</div>
Try This:-
.triangle {
border-color: transparent transparent red transparent;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 0px 200px 200px 200px;
height: 0px;
width: 0px;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
clip-path has the best result for me - works great for divs/containers with and without fixed dimensions:
.triangleContainer{
position: relative;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
}
.triangleContainer::before{
content: "";
position: absolute;
background:blue;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
clip-path: polygon(50% 0, 0 100%, 100% 100%);
}
I am trying to create a diagonal line on a webpage, to act as a section/section break. This is essentially a split colour section. I cant use an image as if the page gets enlarged, the image is going to pixelate. So i need to be able to draw a diagonal line directly at the bottom of the div, like the image below.
I have tried using a border, however i cannot get the actual break to be in the middle, rather than the right or left hand side.
Is there a way to draw diagonal lines in CSS? As you can see, i need to create a div that is 90px high and have the split/diagonal line in that div. I can then have a look at adding the image, but the main issue is not knowing whether this is possible with CSS.
With an svg, it is pretty simple :
svg {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 90px;
background: yellow;
}
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 10" preserveAspectRatio="none">
<polygon points="100 0 100 10 0 10" />
</svg>
Note that I used the preserveAspectRatio="none" attribute so that the shape can have 100% width and keep 90px height
And here with a monkey image :
div {
position: relative;
}
svg {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 90px;
background: yellow;
}
img {
height: 50px;
position: absolute;
top: 0; bottom: 0;
left: 0; right: 0;
margin: auto;
background: #fff;
border-radius: 50%;
padding: 10px;
}
<div>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 10" preserveAspectRatio="none">
<polygon points="100 0 100 10 0 10" />
</svg>
<img src="http://images.clipartpanda.com/monkey-clipart-black-and-white-16981-monkey-face-svg.svg" alt="" />
</div>
You can do this without any clipping and just using borders in a unique way. This should also be cross-browser compatible, but I haven't tested it across everything
Initially divided this into 2 separate divs / triangles and joined them, but thanks to web-tiki and kaiido perfected it to use only 1 div and minimal CSS
*{
border: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#gradient {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 90px 100vw 0 0;
border-color: yellow black transparent transparent;
transform: scale(1.0001);
}
<div id="gradient"></div>
Original Answer using multiple divs:
*{
border: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#container {
width: 100%;
position: relative;
}
#container div {
position: absolute;
}
#top-triangle {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 90px 100vw 0 0;
border-color: yellow transparent transparent transparent;
}
#bottom-triangle {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 0 0 90px 100vw;
border-color: transparent transparent black transparent;
}
<div id="container">
<div id="top-triangle"></div>
<div id="bottom-triangle"></div>
</div>
Use a linear gradient
div {
height: 90px;
background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom right, yellow, yellow 50%, black 50%, black);
}
<div></div>
You can use CSS3 clip:
.yellow {
width: 100%;
height: 90px;
background: yellow;
-webkit-clip-path: polygon(100% 0, 0 0, 0 100%);
clip-path: polygon(100% 0, 0 0, 0 100%);
}
.black {
width: 100%;
height: 90px;
background: black;
-webkit-clip-path: polygon(100% 0, 0 100%, 100% 99%);
clip-path: polygon(100% 0, 0 100%, 100% 99%);
margin-top: -90px;
}
<div class="yellow"></div>
<div class="black"></div>
Demo: http://jsfiddle.net/zLkrfeev/2/
It's not widely supported by the browsers: http://caniuse.com/#feat=css-clip-path
if you want to put diagonal border in column you can do it this way and its 100% responsive. your requirement might be different though. I put it transparent image which contains white diagonal border in that section's right column.
<div id="wrapper">
<div class="h-row">
<div class="h-left">
</div>
<div class="h-right">
<div class="hr-box"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<style>
.h-row{display: table; table-layout: fixed; height: 100%; width: 100%;}
.h-left,
.h-right{display: table-cell; vertical-align: top; height:250px;}/*height is just for demo purpose you can remove it ofcourse and fill the content */
.h-left{background: #e9eae2; padding: 50px 83px 15px 165px; width: 69%;}
.h-right{background: #7acec3 url('https://previews.dropbox.com/p/thumb/AAMv9WREPIx2AXUVhzCrK5Hl1jxf3ofX0teck9P94bG_SCjB28QPmKqXuchYyjp_xFMjMrGLzRYHh0O9wBOZJMZW9L_97lScKB22dgco9eGMJ1PCBbFepUcDkPg3aUE_1ONik2rKQ2SgRvtUgdq8nA_Ev1gxLxq8yWcXNKOdxKGBNOqe4FTHnbAgGy-JD4UtwZliw8c0fmNah8rydlD4JetFxNubkUyW4I_Q-XRL5qjW9A/p.png?size=1280x960&size_mode=3') no-repeat center center/ 100% 100%; padding: 50px 165px 15px 0; width: 31%; position: relative;}
.h-left .row{margin:0 -44px;}
</style>
https://codepen.io/neel555nc/pen/LgjoOg
You can do this using a gradient.
body {
height: 200px;
margin: 0 0 20px 0;
background-color: transparent;
background-size: 20px 20px;
background-image:
-webkit-repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 14px);
background-image:
-moz-repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 14px);
background-image:
-o-repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 14px);
background-image:
repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, black, black 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 14px);
}
JSFiddle
I need to create an underline effect with a bottom border that is smaller than the h2 title's width. Usually I don't upload images but I figure it might help explaining the question a bit further:
You could use a pseudo-element for this. (example)
.pseudo_border {
position:relative;
display:inline-block;
}
.pseudo_border:after {
content:'';
position:absolute;
left:0; right:0;
top:100%;
margin:10px auto;
width:50%;
height:6px;
background:#00f;
}
Just absolutely position a pseudo-element relative to the parent element. Position it 100% from the top and use a combination of left:0; right:0 and a margin of auto for horizontal centering. Modify the height/width of the element accordingly and change the margin-top for the spacing.
Other approach :
Box shadow with a negative spread radius :
body{text-align:center;}
h2{
font-size:40px;
color:#409FB3;
display:inline-block;
height:50px;
box-shadow: 0 25px 0 -23px #5CC7A8;
}
<h2>Some title</h2>
Note : you need to make sure that - spread-radius x2 < height otherwise the box-shadow will have 0 height and disapear.
You can also do this using linear-gradient. In this method, a small background image is created using gradients such that it is transparent for the first and last 25% while the rest 50% has the color (thus making it look like it is 50% of the actual h2 text). This background is then positioned at the bottom of the element to make it look like a bottom border. The size of the border can be varied by modifying the background-size.
The effect would hold good even when the amount of text within the h2 varies. The main drawback however is the relatively poor browser support for gradients as compared to the pseudo-element or the box-shadow approach.
Note: The use of the script in the answer is only for avoiding browser prefixes :)
h2{
display: inline-block;
text-align: center;
padding: 10px 10px 15px; /* bottom padding should be higher to make up for pseudo border height */
background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 25%, lightseagreen 25%, lightseagreen 75%, transparent 75%);
background-size: 100% 5px;
background-position: 0% 100%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
.semitransparent{
background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 25%, lightseagreen 25%, lightseagreen 75%, transparent 75%), linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, rgba(50,50,50,0.25) 0%);
background-size: 100% 5px, 100% 100%;
background-position: 0% 100%, 0% -5px;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
.colored{
background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 25%, lightseagreen 25%, lightseagreen 75%, transparent 75%), linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, aliceblue 0%);
background-size: 100% 5px, 100% 100%;
background-position: 0% 100%, 0% -5px;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
/* Just for demo */
body{
background-image: radial-gradient(circle, #3F9CBA 0%, #153346 100%);
font-family: Calibri, Tahoma;
text-align: center;
}
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/prefixfree/1.0.7/prefixfree.min.js"></script>
<h2>Some Text</h2><br/>
<h2 class='semitransparent'>Some Lengthy Text</h2><br/>
<h2 class='colored'>Some more examples yay!!</h2>
You could use a sort of 'fake' border by simply wrapping a div around it and making a border div after the title
JSFiddle
HTML
<div id="border-wrapper">
<h2>My address</h2>
<div id="border"></div>
</div>
CSS
#border-wrapper{
position:relative;
display:inline-block;
}
#border{
position: relative;
width: 50%;
height: 2px;
background-color: blue;
margin: 0 auto;
}
Almost all of the solutions I've seen for this effect in the past have relied on positioning - but using display: flex we can achieve it pretty easily. The below is an example of a heading, but it can be used on any element. Just bear in mind the nature of flex-direction: column will stack any child elements.
HTML
<h3 class="heading">Hey presto! We have an underline.</h3>
CSS
.heading {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
text-align: center;
}
.heading:after {
content: '';
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
padding-top: 10px;
width: 50px;
}
Note you may have to add vendor prefixes for flex depending on browser support (mostly previous versions of IE, of course) https://caniuse.com/#search=flex
h2 ::after {
background: #f1991b none repeat scroll 0 0;
content: "";
display: block;
height: 2px;
margin-top: 15px;
width: 50px;
}
<style>
.main{
text-align:center;
}
.title{
font-weight: 300;
display: inline-block;
padding-bottom: 15px;
position: relative;
}
.title::after {
content: "";
position: absolute;
width: 50%;
height: 1px;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
border-bottom: 3px solid #ff5533;
right: 0;
margin: 0 auto;
}
</style>
<div class="main">
<h1 class="title">
Your Title
</h1>
</div>
There're plenty of different CSS shapes over at CSS Tricks - Shapes of CSS and I'm particularly puzzled with a triangle:
#triangle-up {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 100px solid red;
}
<div id="triangle-up"></div>
How and why does it work?
CSS Triangles: A Tragedy in Five Acts
As alex said, borders of equal width butt up against each other at 45 degree angles:
When you have no top border, it looks like this:
Then you give it a width of 0...
...and a height of 0...
...and finally, you make the two side borders transparent:
That results in a triangle.
The borders use an angled edge where they intersect (45° angle with equal width borders, but changing the border widths can skew the angle).
div {
width: 60px;
border-width: 30px;
border-color: red blue green yellow;
border-style: solid;
}
<div></div>
Have a look to the jsFiddle.
By hiding certain borders, you can get the triangle effect (as you can see above by making the different portions different colours). transparent is often used as an edge colour to achieve the triangle shape.
Start with a basic square and borders. Each border will be given a different color so we can tell them apart:
.triangle {
border-color: yellow blue red green;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 200px 200px 200px 200px;
height: 0px;
width: 0px;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
which gives you this:
But there's no need for the top border, so set its width to 0px. Now our border-bottom of 200px will make our triangle 200px tall.
.triangle {
border-color: yellow blue red green;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 0px 200px 200px 200px;
height: 0px;
width: 0px;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
and we will get this:
Then to hide the two side triangles, set the border-color to transparent. Since the top-border has been effectively deleted, we can set the border-top-color to transparent as well.
.triangle {
border-color: transparent transparent red transparent;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 0px 200px 200px 200px;
height: 0px;
width: 0px;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
finally we get this:
Different approach:
CSS3 triangles with transform rotate
Triangular shape is pretty easy to make using this technique. For people who prefer to see an animation explaining how this technique works here it is :
Link to the ANIMATION : How to make a CSS3 triangle.
And DEMO : CSS3 triangles made with transform rotate.
Otherwise, here is detailed explanation in 4 acts (this is not a tragedy) of how to make an isosceles right-angled triangle with one element.
Note 1 : for non isosceles triangles and fancy stuff, you can see step 4.
Note 2 : in the following snippets, the vendor prefixes aren't included. they are included in the codepen demos.
Note 3 : the HTML for the following explanation is always : <div class="tr"></div>
STEP 1 : Make a div
Easy, just make sure that width = 1.41 x height. You may use any techinque (see here) including the use of percentages and padding-bottom to maintain the aspect ratio and make a responsive triangle. In the following image, the div has a golden yellow border.
In that div, insert a pseudo element and give it 100% width and height of parent. The pseudo element has a blue background in the following image.
At this point, we have this CSS :
.tr {
width: 30%;
padding-bottom: 21.27%; /* = width / 1.41 */
position: relative;
}
.tr: before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: #0079C6;
}
STEP 2 : Let's rotate
First, most important : define a transform origin. The default origin is in the center of the pseudo element and we need it at the bottom left. By adding this CSS to the pseudo element :
transform-origin:0 100%; or transform-origin: left bottom;
Now we can rotate the pseudo element 45 degrees clockwise with transform : rotate(45deg);
At this point, we have this CSS :
.tr {
width: 30%;
padding-bottom: 21.27%; /* = width / 1.41 */
position: relative;
}
.tr:before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: #0079C6;
transform-origin: 0 100%;
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
STEP 3 : hide it
To hide the unwanted parts of the pseudo element (everything that overflows the div with the yellow border) you just need to set overflow:hidden; on the container. after removing the yellow border, you get... a TRIANGLE! :
DEMO
CSS :
.tr {
width: 30%;
padding-bottom: 21.27%; /* = width / 1.41 */
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
}
.tr:before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background-color: #0079C6;
transform-origin: 0 100%;
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
STEP 4 : go further...
As shown in the demo, you can customize the triangles :
Make them thinner or flatter by playing with skewX().
Make them point left, right or any other direction by playing with the transform origin and rotation direction.
Make some reflexion with 3D transform property.
Give the triangle borders
Put an image inside the triangle
Much more... Unleash the powers of CSS3!
Why use this technique?
Triangle can easily be responsive.
You can make a triangle with border.
You can maintain the boundaries of the triangle. This means that you can trigger the hover state or click event only when the cursor is inside the triangle. This can become very handy in some situations like this one where each triangle can't overlay its neighbours so each triangle has its own hover state.
You can make some fancy effects like reflections.
It will help you understand 2d and 3d transform properties.
Why not use this technique?
The main drawback is the browser compatibility, the 2d transform properties are supported by IE9+ and therefore you can't use this technique if you plan on supporting IE8. See CanIuse for more info. For some fancy effects using 3d transforms like the reflection browser support is IE10+ (see canIuse for more info).
You don't need anything responsive and a plain triangle is fine for you then you should go for the border technique explained here : better browser compatibility and easier to understand thanks to the amazing posts here.
Here is an animation in JSFiddle I created for demonstration.
Also see snippet below.
This is an Animated GIF made from a Screencast
transforms = [
{'border-left-width' :'30', 'margin-left': '70'},
{'border-bottom-width' :'80'},
{'border-right-width' :'30'},
{'border-top-width' :'0', 'margin-top': '70'},
{'width' :'0'},
{'height' :'0', 'margin-top': '120'},
{'borderLeftColor' :'transparent'},
{'borderRightColor' :'transparent'}
];
$('#a').click(function() {$('.border').trigger("click");});
(function($) {
var duration = 1000
$('.border').click(function() {
for ( var i=0; i < transforms.length; i++ ) {
$(this)
.animate(transforms[i], duration)
}
}).end()
}(jQuery))
.border {
margin: 20px 50px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
border-width: 50px;
border-style: solid;
border-top-color: green;
border-right-color: yellow;
border-bottom-color: red;
border-left-color: blue;
cursor: pointer
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/color/jquery.color-2.1.2.min.js"></script>
Click it!<br>
<div class="border"></div>
Random version
/**
* Randomize array element order in-place.
* Using Durstenfeld shuffle algorithm.
*/
function shuffleArray(array) {
for (var i = array.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
var j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));
var temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
return array;
}
transforms = [
{'border-left-width' :'30', 'margin-left': '70'},
{'border-bottom-width' :'80'},
{'border-right-width' :'30'},
{'border-top-width' :'0', 'margin-top': '70'},
{'width' :'0'},
{'height' :'0'},
{'borderLeftColor' :'transparent'},
{'borderRightColor' :'transparent'}
];
transforms = shuffleArray(transforms)
$('#a').click(function() {$('.border').trigger("click");});
(function($) {
var duration = 1000
$('.border').click(function() {
for ( var i=0; i < transforms.length; i++ ) {
$(this)
.animate(transforms[i], duration)
}
}).end()
}(jQuery))
.border {
margin: 50px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
border-width: 50px;
border-style: solid;
border-top-color: green;
border-right-color: yellow;
border-bottom-color: red;
border-left-color: blue;
cursor: pointer
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/color/jquery.color-2.1.2.min.js"></script>
Click it!<br>
<div class="border"></div>
All at once version
$('#a').click(function() {$('.border').trigger("click");});
(function($) {
var duration = 1000
$('.border').click(function() {
$(this)
.animate({'border-top-width': 0 ,
'border-left-width': 30 ,
'border-right-width': 30 ,
'border-bottom-width': 80 ,
'width': 0 ,
'height': 0 ,
'margin-left': 100,
'margin-top': 150,
'borderTopColor': 'transparent',
'borderRightColor': 'transparent',
'borderLeftColor': 'transparent'}, duration)
}).end()
}(jQuery))
.border {
margin: 50px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
border-width: 50px;
border-style: solid;
border-top-color: green;
border-right-color: yellow;
border-bottom-color: red;
border-left-color: blue;
cursor: pointer
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/color/jquery.color-2.1.2.min.js"></script>
Click it!<br>
<div class="border"></div>
Lets say we have the following div:
<div id="triangle" />
Now Edit the CSS step-by-step, so you will get clear idea what is happening around
STEP 1:
JSfiddle Link:
#triangle {
background: purple;
width :150px;
height:150PX;
border-left: 50px solid black ;
border-right: 50px solid black;
border-bottom: 50px solid black;
border-top: 50px solid black;
}
This is a simple div. With a very simple CSS. So a layman can understand. Div has dimensions 150 x 150 pixels with the border 50 pixels. The image is attached:
STEP 2: JSfiddle Link:
#triangle {
background: purple;
width :150px;
height:150PX;
border-left: 50px solid yellow ;
border-right: 50px solid green;
border-bottom: 50px solid red;
border-top: 50px solid blue;
}
Now I just changed the border-color of all 4 sides. The image is attached.
STEP:3 JSfiddle Link:
#triangle {
background: purple;
width :0;
height:0;
border-left: 50px solid yellow ;
border-right: 50px solid green;
border-bottom: 50px solid red;
border-top: 50px solid blue;
}
Now I just changed the height & width of div from 150 pixels to zero. The image is attached
STEP 4: JSfiddle:
#triangle {
background: purple;
width :0px;
height:0px;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 50px solid red;
border-top: 50px solid transparent;
}
Now I have made all the borders transparent apart from the bottom border. The image is attached below.
STEP 5: JSfiddle Link:
#triangle {
background: white;
width :0px;
height:0px;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 50px solid red;
border-top: 50px solid transparent;
}
Now I just changed the background color to white. The image is attached.
Hence we got the triangle we needed.
And now something completely different...
Instead of using css tricks don't forget about solutions as simple as html entities:
▲
Result:
▲
See: What are the HTML entities for up and down triangles?
Consider the below triangle
.triangle {
border-bottom:15px solid #000;
border-left:10px solid transparent;
border-right:10px solid transparent;
width:0;
height:0;
}
This is what we are given:
Why it came out in this shape? The below diagram explains the dimensions, note that 15px was used for the bottom border and 10px was used for left and right.
It's pretty easy to make a right-angle triangle also by removing the right border.
Taking it one step further, using css based on this I added arrows to my back and next buttons (yes I know its not 100% cross-browser, but slick none the less).
.triangle {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 100px solid red;
margin:20px auto;
}
.triangle-down {
border-bottom:none;
border-top: 100px solid red;
}
.triangle-left {
border-left:none;
border-right: 100px solid red;
border-bottom: 50px solid transparent;
border-top: 50px solid transparent;
}
.triangle-right {
border-right:none;
border-left: 100px solid red;
border-bottom: 50px solid transparent;
border-top: 50px solid transparent;
}
.triangle-after:after {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-left: 5px solid transparent;
border-right: 5px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 5px solid red;
margin:0 5px;
content:"";
display:inline-block;
}
.triangle-after-right:after {
border-right:none;
border-left: 5px solid blue;
border-bottom: 5px solid transparent;
border-top: 5px solid transparent;
}
.triangle-before:before {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-left: 5px solid transparent;
border-right: 5px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 5px solid blue;
margin:0 5px;
content:"";
display:inline-block;
}
.triangle-before-left:before {
border-left:none;
border-right: 5px solid blue;
border-bottom: 5px solid transparent;
border-top: 5px solid transparent;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
<div class="triangle triangle-down"></div>
<div class="triangle triangle-left"></div>
<div class="triangle triangle-right"></div>
<a class="triangle-before triangle-before-left" href="#">Back</a>
<a class="triangle-after triangle-after-right" href="#">Next</a>
CSS clip-path
This is something I feel this question has missed; clip-path
clip-path in a nutshell
Clipping, with the clip-path property, is akin to cutting a shape (like a circle or a pentagon) from a rectangular piece of paper. The property belongs to the “CSS Masking Module Level 1” specification. The spec states, “CSS masking provides two means for partially or fully hiding portions of visual elements: masking and clipping”.
Extract from Smashing Magazine
clip-path will use the element itself rather than its borders to cut the shape you specify in its parameters. It uses a super simple percentage based co-ordinate system which makes editing it very easy and means you can pick it up and create weird and wonderful shapes in a matter of minutes.
Triangle Shape Example
div {
-webkit-clip-path: polygon(50% 0%, 0% 100%, 100% 100%);
clip-path: polygon(50% 0%, 0% 100%, 100% 100%);
background: red;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
}
<div></div>
Downside
It does have a major downside at the moment, one being it's major lack of support, only really being covered within -webkit- browsers and having no support on IE and only very partial in FireFox.
Resources
Here are some useful resources and material to help better understand clip-path and also start creating your own.
Clippy - A clip-path generator
The W3C Candidate Recommendation File
MDN clip-path documentation
clip-path Browser Support
Different approach. With linear gradient (for IE, only IE 10+).
You can use any angle:
.triangle {
margin: 50px auto;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
/* linear gradient */
background: -moz-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255,0,0,0) 0%, rgba(255,0,0,0) 50%, rgba(255,0,0,1) 50%, rgba(255,0,0,1) 100%);
/* FF3.6+ */
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(255,0,0,0)), color-stop(50%,rgba(255,0,0,0)), color-stop(50%,rgba(255,0,0,1)), color-stop(100%,rgba(255,0,0,1)));
/* Chrome,Safari4+ */
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255,0,0,0) 0%,rgba(255,0,0,0) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 100%);
/* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
background: -o-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255,0,0,0) 0%,rgba(255,0,0,0) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 100%);
/* Opera 11.10+ */
background: -ms-linear-gradient(-45deg, rgba(255,0,0,0) 0%,rgba(255,0,0,0) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 100%);
/* IE10+ */
background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255,0,0,0) 0%,rgba(255,0,0,0) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 50%,rgba(255,0,0,1) 100%);
/* W3C */;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
Here is jsfiddle
OK, this triangle will get created because of the way that borders of the elements work together in HTML and CSS...
As we usually use 1 or 2px borders, we never notice that borders make a 45° angles to each others with the same width and if the width changes, the angle degree get changed as well, run the CSS code I created below:
.triangle {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border-left: 50px solid black;
border-right: 50px solid black;
border-bottom: 100px solid red;
}
<div class="triangle">
</div>
Then in the next step, we don't have any width or height, something like this:
.triangle {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-left: 50px solid black;
border-right: 50px solid black;
border-bottom: 100px solid red;
}
<div class="triangle">
</div>
And now we make the left and right borders invisible to make our desirable triangle as below:
.triangle {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 100px solid red;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
If you not willing to run the snippet to see the steps, I've created an image sequence to have a look at all steps in one image:
This is an old question, but I think will worth it to share how to create an arrow using this triangle technique.
Step 1:
Lets create 2 triangles, for the second one we will use the :after pseudo class and position it just below the other:
.arrow{
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-radius: 50px;
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
}
.arrow:after{
content: "";
width: 0;
height: 0;
position: absolute;
}
.arrow-up{
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 50px solid #333;
}
.arrow-up:after{
top: 5px;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 50px solid #ccc;
right: -50px;
}
<div class="arrow arrow-up"> </div>
Step 2
Now we just have to set the predominant border color of the second triangle to the same color of the background:
.arrow{
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-radius: 50px;
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
}
.arrow:after{
content: "";
width: 0;
height: 0;
position: absolute;
}
.arrow-up{
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 50px solid #333;
}
.arrow-up:after{
top: 5px;
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 50px solid #fff;
right: -50px;
}
<div class="arrow arrow-up"> </div>
Fiddle with all the arrows:
http://jsfiddle.net/tomsarduy/r0zksgeu/
If you want to apply border to the triangle read this: Create a triangle with CSS?
Almost all the answers focus on the triangle built using border so I am going to elaborate the linear-gradient method (as started in the answer of #lima_fil).
Using a degree value like 45° will force us to respect a specific ratio of height/width in order to obtain the triangle we want and this won't be responsive:
.tri {
width:100px;
height:100px;
background:linear-gradient(45deg, transparent 49.5%,red 50%);
/*To illustrate*/
border:1px solid;
}
Good one
<div class="tri"></div>
bad one
<div class="tri" style="width:150px"></div>
bad one
<div class="tri" style="height:30px"></div>
Instead of doing this we should consider predefined values of direction like to bottom, to top, etc. In this case we can obtain any kind of triangle shape while keeping it responsive.
1) Rectangle triangle
To obtain such triangle we need one linear-gradient and a diagonal direction like to bottom right, to top left, to bottom left, etc
.tri-1,.tri-2 {
display:inline-block;
width:100px;
height:100px;
background:linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 49.5%,red 50%);
border:1px solid;
animation:change 2s linear infinite alternate;
}
.tri-2 {
background:linear-gradient(to top right, transparent 49.5%,red 50%);
border:none;
}
#keyframes change {
from {
width:100px;
height:100px;
}
to {
height:50px;
width:180px;
}
}
<div class="tri-1"></div>
<div class="tri-2"></div>
2) isosceles triangle
For this one we will need 2 linear-gradient like above and each one will take half the width (or the height). It's like we create a mirror image of the first triangle.
.tri {
display:inline-block;
width:100px;
height:100px;
background-image:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, transparent 49.5%,red 50%),
linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 49.5%,red 50%);
background-size:50.3% 100%; /* I use a value slightly bigger than 50% to avoid having a small gap between both gradient*/
background-position:left,right;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
animation:change 2s linear infinite alternate;
}
#keyframes change {
from {
width:100px;
height:100px;
}
to {
height:50px;
width:180px;
}
}
<div class="tri"></div>
3) equilateral triangle
This one is a bit tricky to handle as we need to keep a relation between the height and width of the gradient. We will have the same triangle as above but we will make the calculation more complex in order to transform the isosceles triangle to an equilateral one.
To make it easy, we will consider that the width of our div is known and the height is big enough to be able to draw our triangle inside (height >= width).
We have our two gradient g1 and g2, the blue line is the width of the div w and each gradient will have 50% of it (w/2) and each side of the triangle sould be equal to w. The green line is the height of both gradient hg and we can easily obtain the formula below:
(w/2)² + hg² = w² ---> hg = (sqrt(3)/2) * w ---> hg = 0.866 * w
We can rely on calc() in order to do our calculation and to obtain the needed result:
.tri {
--w:100px;
width:var(--w);
height:100px;
display:inline-block;
background-image:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, transparent 49.5%,red 50%),
linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 49.5%,red 50%);
background-size:calc(var(--w)/2 + 0.5px) calc(0.866 * var(--w));
background-position:
left bottom,right bottom;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
<div class="tri"></div>
<div class="tri" style="--w:80px"></div>
<div class="tri" style="--w:50px"></div>
Another way is to control the height of div and keep the syntax of gradient easy:
.tri {
--w:100px;
width:var(--w);
height:calc(0.866 * var(--w));
display:inline-block;
background:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, transparent 49.8%,red 50%) left,
linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 49.8%,red 50%) right;
background-size:50.2% 100%;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
<div class="tri"></div>
<div class="tri" style="--w:80px"></div>
<div class="tri" style="--w:50px"></div>
4) Random triangle
To obtain a random triangle, it's easy as we simply need to remove the condition of 50% of each one BUT we should keep two condition (both should have the same height and the sum of both width should be 100%).
.tri-1 {
width:100px;
height:100px;
display:inline-block;
background-image:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, transparent 50%,red 0),
linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 50%,red 0);
background-size:20% 60%,80% 60%;
background-position:
left bottom,right bottom;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
<div class="tri-1"></div>
But what if we want to define a value for each side? We simply need to do calculation again!
Let's define hg1 and hg2 as the height of our gradient (both are equal to the red line) then wg1 and wg2 as the width of our gradient (wg1 + wg2 = a). I will not going to detail the calculation but at then end we will have:
wg2 = (a²+c²-b²)/(2a)
wg1 = a - wg2
hg1 = hg2 = sqrt(b² - wg1²) = sqrt(c² - wg2²)
Now we have reached the limit of CSS as even with calc() we won't be able to implement this so we simply need to gather the final result manually and use them as fixed size:
.tri {
--wg1: 20px;
--wg2: 60px;
--hg:30px;
width:calc(var(--wg1) + var(--wg2));
height:100px;
display:inline-block;
background-image:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, transparent 49.5%,red 50%),
linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 49.5%,red 50%);
background-size:var(--wg1) var(--hg),var(--wg2) var(--hg);
background-position:
left bottom,right bottom;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
<div class="tri" ></div>
<div class="tri" style="--wg1:80px;--wg2:60px;--hg:100px;" ></div>
Bonus
We should not forget that we can also apply rotation and/or skew and we have more option to obtain more triangle:
.tri {
--wg1: 20px;
--wg2: 60px;
--hg:30px;
width:calc(var(--wg1) + var(--wg2) - 0.5px);
height:100px;
display:inline-block;
background-image:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, transparent 49%,red 50%),
linear-gradient(to bottom left, transparent 49%,red 50%);
background-size:var(--wg1) var(--hg),var(--wg2) var(--hg);
background-position:
left bottom,right bottom;
background-repeat:no-repeat;
}
<div class="tri" ></div>
<div class="tri" style="transform:skewY(25deg)"></div>
<div class="tri" style="--wg1:80px;--wg2:60px;--hg:100px;" ></div>
<div class="tri" style="--wg1:80px;--wg2:60px;--hg:100px;transform:rotate(20deg)" ></div>
And of course we should keep in mind the SVG solution which can be more suitable in some situation:
svg {
width:100px;
height:100px;
}
polygon {
fill:red;
}
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100"><polygon points="0,100 0,0 100,100" /></svg>
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100"><polygon points="0,100 50,0 100,100" /></svg>
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100"><polygon points="0,100 50,23 100,100" /></svg>
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100"><polygon points="20,60 50,43 80,100" /></svg>
SASS (SCSS) triangle mixin
I wrote this to make it easier (and DRY) to automatically generate a CSS triangle:
// Triangle helper mixin (by Yair Even-Or)
// #param {Direction} $direction - either `top`, `right`, `bottom` or `left`
// #param {Color} $color [currentcolor] - Triangle color
// #param {Length} $size [1em] - Triangle size
#mixin triangle($direction, $color: currentcolor, $size: 1em) {
$size: $size/2;
$transparent: rgba($color, 0);
$opposite: (top:bottom, right:left, left:right, bottom:top);
content: '';
display: inline-block;
width: 0;
height: 0;
border: $size solid $transparent;
border-#{map-get($opposite, $direction)}-color: $color;
margin-#{$direction}: -$size;
}
use-case example:
span {
#include triangle(bottom, red, 10px);
}
Playground page
Important note: if the triangle seems pixelated in some browsers, try one of the methods described here.
If you want to play around with border-size, width and height and see how those can create different shapes, try this:
const sizes = [32, 32, 32, 32];
const triangle = document.getElementById('triangle');
function update({ target }) {
let index = null;
if (target) {
index = parseInt(target.id);
if (!isNaN(index)) {
sizes[index] = target.value;
}
}
window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
triangle.style.borderWidth = sizes.map(size => `${ size }px`).join(' ');
if (isNaN(index)) {
triangle.style[target.id] = `${ target.value }px`;
}
});
}
document.querySelectorAll('input').forEach(input => {
input.oninput = update;
});
update({});
body {
margin: 0;
min-height: 100vh;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
overflow: hidden;
}
#triangle {
border-style: solid;
border-color: yellow magenta blue black;
background: cyan;
height: 0px;
width: 0px;
}
#controls {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
background: white;
display: flex;
box-shadow: 0 0 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, .125);
}
#controls > div {
position: relative;
width: 25%;
padding: 8px;
box-sizing: border-box;
display: flex;
}
input {
margin: 0;
width: 100%;
position: relative;
}
<div id="triangle" style="border-width: 32px 32px 32px 32px;"></div>
<div id="controls">
<div><input type="range" min="0" max="128" value="32" id="0" /></div>
<div><input type="range" min="0" max="128" value="32" id="1" /></div>
<div><input type="range" min="0" max="128" value="32" id="2" /></div>
<div><input type="range" min="0" max="128" value="32" id="3" /></div>
<div><input type="range" min="0" max="128" value="0" id="width" /></div>
<div><input type="range" min="0" max="128" value="0" id="height" /></div>
</div>
here is another fiddle:
.container:after {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
content: "";
margin-right:-50px;
margin-bottom: -8px;
border-width: 25px;
border-style: solid;
border-color: transparent transparent transparent #000;
width: 0;
height: 0;
z-index: 10;
-webkit-transition: visibility 50ms ease-in-out,opacity 50ms ease-in-out;
transition: visibility 50ms ease-in-out,opacity 50ms ease-in-out;
bottom: 21px;
}
.container {
float: left;
margin-top: 100px;
position: relative;
width: 150px;
height: 80px;
background-color: #000;
}
.containerRed {
float: left;
margin-top: 100px;
position: relative;
width: 100px;
height: 80px;
background-color: red;
}
https://jsfiddle.net/qdhvdb17/
Others have already explained this well. Let me give you an animation which will explain this quickly: http://codepen.io/chriscoyier/pen/lotjh
Here is some code for you to play with and learn the concepts.
HTML:
<html>
<body>
<div id="border-demo">
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS:
/*border-width is border thickness*/
#border-demo {
background: gray;
border-color: yellow blue red green;/*top right bottom left*/
border-style: solid;
border-width: 25px 25px 25px 25px;/*top right bottom left*/
height: 50px;
width: 50px;
}
Play with this and see what happens. Set height and width to zero. Then remove top border and make left and right transparent, or just look at the code below to make a css triangle:
#border-demo {
border-left: 50px solid transparent;
border-right: 50px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 100px solid blue;
}
I know this is an old one, but I'd like to add to this discussion that There are at least 5 different methods for creating a triangle using HTML & CSS alone.
Using borders
Using linear-gradient
Using conic-gradient
Using
transform and overflow
Using clip-path
I think that all have been covered here except for method 3, using the conic-gradient, so I will share it here:
.triangle{
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
background: conic-gradient(at 50% 50%,transparent 135deg,green 0,green 225deg, transparent 0);
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
use clip-path: polygon(50% 0%, 100% 100%, 0% 100%); for creating easy to Triangle
<div class="triangle"></div>
.triangle{width:200px; height:200px;background:#000;clip-path: polygon(50% 0%, 100% 100%, 0% 100%);}
After reading through the other answers here I see there are great explanations as to why the CSS triangle works the way it does. I would consider it to be somewhat of a trick, versus something that you could apply generically.
For something that's easier to read and maintain, I would recommend you define your geometry in SVG.
Then you can convert that SVG using data uri by adding the data:image/svg+xml, prefix. As a data uri, it can now be used as a background-image in a CSS. Because the SVG is in clear text, you can readily make updates to the geometry, stroke, and fill color.
div.tri {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
display: inline-block;
background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="red" d="M31.345 29H1.655L16.5 1.96z"/></svg>');
}
<div>
<div class="tri"></div>
<div class="tri"></div>
<div class="tri"></div>
</div>
Try This:-
.triangle {
border-color: transparent transparent red transparent;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 0px 200px 200px 200px;
height: 0px;
width: 0px;
}
<div class="triangle"></div>
clip-path has the best result for me - works great for divs/containers with and without fixed dimensions:
.triangleContainer{
position: relative;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
}
.triangleContainer::before{
content: "";
position: absolute;
background:blue;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
clip-path: polygon(50% 0, 0 100%, 100% 100%);
}