I've come across a really frustrating issue. I'm working to create a menu drawer that is inside a <ul>. When the nested <div> inside the table is display: {fixed,absolute}, a whitespace placeholder shows up where another table cell would be. I can't understand why or how to get around it.
CodePen of the code is here: http://codepen.io/quicksnap/pen/gsHrb and you can toggle the topmost class to see what I'm talking about.
Appreciate any insight on why or how to retain this markup structure and get it to display fixed/absolute without altering the parent table display.
Markup:
<ul>
<li>
<span>Lorem</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>Lorem</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>Lorem</span>
</li>
<li>
<span>Lorem</span>
</li>
<div class="fixed"/>
</ul>
CSS:
/*
Why does the display: table show an empty placeholder for
an element inside that is position: fixed/absolute?
*/
/* Comment out/remove !important to see bug */
.fixed { display: none !important; }
.fixed {
display: block;
position: fixed; top: 60px; left: 0;
width: 100%; height: 100px;
background: salmon;
}
ul {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 60px;
display: table;
table-layout: fixed;
position: relative;
background: #ccc;
}
ul > li {
display: table-cell;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
}
I really don't know if this is a bug or expected behavior (I have not researched it), as it appears to do the same on a normal table element. However, it apparently has to do with the table-layout: fixed property being set. I am guessing that is because the table-layout: fixed calculates its size based on the number of columns, and it appears to be counting that as a "column element" upon page render, apparently before even recognizing that the css position: fixed pulls it out of flow. The display: none causes the element to not count (as one would expect) for column purposes.
Your issue seems to resolve by having the table (in your case ul) be table-layout: auto and then setting the cells (your li) to the appropriate width (25% in your case) unless they all have exactly the same width text.
See this fiddle for an illustration of all these things happening on a normal table element.
As a side note, a naked div in a ul is not valid html structure (the ul should only have li elements as direct children).
What is the purpose of your div / fixed class? You can nest another ul or list however and put the "fixed" class on that. If you add height 100% then the whole background is the salmon color you have.
It seems that display: table will render children elements in the fixed layout regardless if their display is set to absolute or fixed--If they're displaying as a block element, the cell gets drawn.
This is a simplified version of the "bug":
http://codepen.io/quicksnap/pen/xuDwG ( notice the extra space to the right of the Lorem items )
When using table-caption for an li and then nesting in a fixed or absolute element, it seems to escape the element from being drawn as a cell.
Here is an example of what I was looking for: http://codepen.io/quicksnap/pen/noBvm
Thanks ScottS for pointing out my invalid HTML--it clued me into why it works like this, though I still don't understand why the table is drawing a cell space for an element that isn't table-cell and positioned absolute/fixed.
Related
I'd like to create a fluid horizontal navigation list of links, where the nav links are evenly spaced and take up the full width of the enclosing container . Nav links are all different widths. The first link should be left-aligned and the last link should be right aligned.
I've had limited success using techniques such as:
ul {display: table;width: 100%;}
li {display: table-cell;}
a {display: block;}
and also using
ul {text-align: justify}
li {inline-block }
but no code I've written seems to deal at all well with elements that are different widths. The spacing does not seem to stay equal as the nav is resized.
I need the nav to be fluid, first and last elements to be flush against the edge of the containing ul and for the elements to be equidistant from each other
I thought about this for a while and came up with two reasonable approaches, both of which are pretty good but not exactly pixel perfect. One is CSS based only and the second is aided by jQuery (JavaScript).
CSS Approach - pretty good approximation
Consider the following HTML:
<ul class="nav ex1">
<li class="first">Home</li>
<li>Collections</li>
<li class="tight">About Us</li>
<li>Slocklists</li>
<li class="tight">Trade Enquiries</li>
<li>Press</li>
<li class="last">Contact Us</li>
</ul>
I added some classes as hooks for the styling.
The CSS is as follows:
.nav.ex1 {
outline: 1px dashed blue;
width: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
display: table;
}
.nav.ex1 li {
display: table-cell;
outline: 1px dotted gray;
width: 20%;
white-space: pre;
text-align: center;
}
.nav.ex1 li.first {
width: 1%;
}
.nav.ex1 li.last {
width: 1%;
}
.nav.ex1 li.tight {
width: 1%;
}
In Example 1, the ul.nav parent container uses display: table and width: 100%. The child li elements are table-cell's. I added white-space: pre to prevent some of the links from wrapping into two lines, and text-align: center to keep the text centered.
The trick is to force some of the table-cell's to shrink-to-fit the text, and you can do this by setting width: 1% which is non-zero but too small to hold the text (unless your screen is 10,000 pixels wide). I shrink-to-fit the first and last cells which forces them to align to the left and right edges of the parent container. I then force every other table-cell to shrink-to-fit by added the .tight class.
The remaining table's cells will have a width of 20% which will keep them evenly spaced between their two nearest neighbors. HOWEVER, there will be some slight variation in spacing among the links in the row, which is why I call it an approximation.
jQuery Aided Solution
In Example 2, the markup is essentially the same and the CSS is:
.nav.ex2 {
outline: 1px dashed blue;;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
display: block;
overflow: auto;
width: 100%;
}
.nav.ex2 li {
float: left;
display: block;
outline: 1px dotted gray;
width: auto;
}
In this case, the li elements are floated left and I use width: auto.
The trick is to calculate the magic left-margin value and apply it to all the li elements except for the first one.
The jQuery action is:
$(window).resize(function () {
navResizer();
});
// On load, initially, make sure to set the size.
navResizer();
function navResizer() {
var $li_w = 0;
var $ul_w = $(".nav.ex2").innerWidth();
$( ".nav.ex2 li" ).each(function( index ) {
$li_w += $(this).innerWidth();
});
var li_margin = Math.floor(($ul_w-$li_w)/6);
$(".nav.ex2 li").not(".first").css("margin-left",li_margin);
$("p.note").text( "Widths: ul.nav: " + $ul_w + " all li: " + $li_w + " Left margin: " + li_margin);
}
Basically, the action calculates the width of ul.nav ($ul_w), and the total widths of all the li child elements ($li_w).
The left-margin is calculated by ($ul_w - $li_w)/6 where 6 is the number of gaps between the 7 links.
The key line of code is: $(".nav.ex2 li").not(".first").css("margin-left",li_margin);
I use .not(".first") to omit the first li element and then .css to set the left margin.
The one slight defect is at the far right where the link is not quite right justified, but you can fix that by floating the last li to the right.
For the most part, if your link texts were similar in length, you would be hard pressed to distinguish the two. Both approaches are not quite pixel perfect, but pretty good.
Fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/audetwebdesign/xhSfs/
Footnote
I tried some other approaches using text-align: justify and inline-block, but the CSS engine does not treat inline-blocks like regular words, so will not justify a line of inline-blocks.
Setting left-margin to a % value will not quite work at some window widths and the right-most link will not be on the edge as desired.
The jQuery approach has been tried before, see:
Evenly-spaced navigation links that take up entire width of ul in CSS3
You can use text-align: justify; and ignore the last left-justified row. #last is invisible and takes up the last row because of padding-left: 100%;: http://jsfiddle.net/mwRbn/
if you want to align the text of the menu vertically, use height in combination with line-height:
ul#nav {
text-align: justify;
width: 100%;
background: yellow;
height: 2em;
line-height: 2em;
}
http://jsfiddle.net/mwRbn/1/. Do you need a IE<8 hack?
First, I'll start off by saying that I do not have control over the HTML and this is what the HTML looks like:
<ul class="orbit-bullets">
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
</ul>
Second note I'll put is that I wouldn't mind using inline-block, but I need a fallback for non-supportive browsers.
I am trying to center the list. The list items must display inline but they must be block elements because I'm declaring a width, height and text-indent. So I know that I can use display:block; float:left;, but I would like the elements to be centered. And sometimes there are three list items or four or more, so I do not want to set a fixed width on the unordered list smaller than 500px. If I set the width to 500px, when there are just two or three list items, they appear very off centered.
I need to center the list items themselves within the unordered list while still using display:block; float:left;. Or is there a way to have a variable width on the unordered list while still having it centered? I'm up to any suggestions.
Thanks.
Try this one - http://jsfiddle.net/jD6yp/
ul {
width: 500px;
text-align: center;
background: beige;
}
li {
display: inline-block;
zoom: 1; /* for old IE-s */
*display: inline; /* for old IE-s */
padding: 10px;
margin: 20px;
border: 1px solid pink;
}
I have the following:
<div id="tab-notes" class="clearfix">
<textarea cols=100 rows=15 class="full-width" id="dialogNotes" name="Pages">#Model.Notes</textarea>
</div>
I have added a clearfix class but it seems that the DIV does not stretch to fit the height of the textarea. Is there something simple that I am missing?
.clearfix:after, .block-controls:after, .side-tabs:after {
clear: both;
content: " ";
display: block;
font-size: 0;
height: 0;
line-height: 0;
visibility: hidden;
width: 0;
}
giving your #tab-notes a background-color you'll see that it does stretch to the textareas high (like it should) if there really aren't any other css-rules that affect these elements.
you can see it in action here: http://jsfiddle.net/Mqke4/
the clearsfix seems to be senseless just given this snippet and doesn't change anything ( http://jsfiddle.net/Mqke4/1/ ). given this, there must be styles defined for .full-width, #tab-notes, #dialogNotes (or anything like that) causing this problem.
Is your textarea applied with float: left or float: right ?
If so, remove the float property from textarea.
But if you have to use that property,
the easiest way to solve the problem is to also apply the float: to your div too.
Or you can change the display type of your div to block by using display: block
There's more way to solve this problem.
But I think these are the easiest ones.
I have a template that uses an unordered list to create the menu. See here
When I translate the website using Google translate the menu breaks if the translations are too long, causing the floated list items to drop down. Translating it into French seem to cause the problem.
See here
Is there a way I can force the text to wrap if it is too long for the menu?
I don't mind if I have to change the unordered list to something else, but I would prefer not to use a table.
use word-wrap property of css
word-wrap: break-word;
The short version: we're going to use display: table-cell.
The long version is.. long:
On .access, remove the padding rule.
On .sf-menu, remove float: left and add display: table.
On .sf-menu li, remove float: left and add display: table-cell and vertical-align: middle.
On #header and #footer, add position: relative.
On .access, remove height: 32px and margin-top: -32px and add position: absolute and width: 100%.
On #header .access, add bottom: 0.
Move the border-left from sf-menu a to sf-menu li.
Change the selector .sf-menu a.first to .sf-menu .first.
This part isn't great, but to get back that 20px padding on the left (and right), add an extra li at the start: <li class="noHover" style="width: 20px; border-left: 0"> </li>; and at the end: <li class="noHover" style="width: 20px; border-left: 0"> </li>. You might not need the s. You'll need to do the same thing with #footer.
To stop the :hover on the "padding" lis, add something like this:
.sf-menu li.noHover:hover {
background: none !important
}
On #footer, add padding-top: 48px.
That's everything (unless I screwed up somewhere), except for IE6/7 support. If you want that, you're going to have to put a new version up with my fixes applied (can be in a temporary new folder if you like). It's too much work to attempt to fix IE6/7 when I have to apply all those changes first to test it properly.
#Pranay pointed to the right direction but you need to set the width to the lis not the ul! so for example:
ul.sf-menu li {
width: 80px; /* make this the maximum width possible! */
word-wrap: break-word;
}
And insert a clearing div right after the menu ul:
<div class="clear"></div>
Where the clear class is defined as:
.clear {
clear: both;
width: 0;
height: 0;
}
I have an H3 heading that I'd like to style as having a particular background color, but without having the element's background take up the full width of the parent element. Seeing as H3 is by default a block element, my style would need to change the element to an inline-block element, or just an inline inline element like so:
h3 {
background-color: #333;
color: white;
display: inline-block;
}
This will work fine, but only if it is immediately followed by a block element. I do not want to change the markup just to cater for this style, so I was wondering if there is a way to cause any adjacent element, irrespective of how it displays, to start on the next line?
Assume I can use CSS3.
try this:
h3:after {
content: ".";
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
}
display:block;
width:auto;
This will make the width as small as possible (not filling the whole parent element) and make other elements appear below.
How often does it happen that the element after the <h3> is an inline element? (Usually after a header there should be like a <p>, <ul> or other block elements, although this totally depends on your html. Is it predictable? Is it an option to just turn every element that directly follows a <h3> into a block element?
h3 ~ * { display: block }
The only other way I know to have a block-element not take up all the space is floating it, but this leaves another problem.
I come across this all the time in my code, usually for div's that are inline-block'ed. The best way I've seen is to force a new line is to wrap your code in an additional div. Your original html gets the formatting you expected and the div wrapper forces a new line.
Assuming this is your h3 styling,
h3 {
display: inline-block;
}
Then just wrap it in a div.
<div>
<h3>My heading</h3>
</div>
I've had to do something similar with inline nav items that need breaking at certain points. Does this work?
h3:after {
content: "\A ";
line-height: 0;
white-space: pre;
display:inline-block;
}
I seem to remember IE7 having an issue with it.
If you don't need to center h3, this may help:
h3 {
background-color: #333;
color: white;
display: inline-block;
float: left;
clear: left;
}