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I have the data of error, firstly I need to transform the range of data between -pi and pi
then using code hist(error)
my question is how I can transform this data using code in R, if there exists code please tell me?
error<- c( 5.71444784 ,5.55435896 ,5.60671884, 5.19927462 ,4.81470000 ,5.53028500,
0.87085808 ,5.37982604, 5.43760222 ,5.77523327, 5.68796681 ,5.54533123,
5.27149485 ,5.75717780 ,0.53623627 ,5.29496664 ,5.33288247 ,5.49297135,
5.51343389 ,4.87307837 ,4.87849468 ,5.78305665, 0.13721761 ,5.91185037,
5.50741540 ,5.72588264, 5.03918574, 4.14846564 ,5.25644862 ,0.57956841,
0.37614739, 0.40864692, 5.92087811, 5.92689660, 5.72889189 ,5.64643955,
5.96902437, 5.91666449, 6.18508456 ,5.86249974 ,5.17279359, 5.37982604,
5.25163450, 5.43098155, 5.73912232, 5.80592625 ,5.43940710, 4.84659734,
5.76078923, 5.76379847, 5.76078923 ,5.78606589, 5.68977169 ,5.68375320,
0.42790509 ,6.08939254, 4.89955940 ,5.53389643, 5.67954126 ,5.71324348,
5.66930915 ,5.54111761 ,5.87273017, 5.86791605 ,5.50199909, 5.50199909,
5.69699455 ,5.29737370 ,4.97117745, 5.62838408 ,5.77402891, 5.30640144,
5.85106494 ,5.58926555 ,5.58926555 ,4.62271379 ,3.36547454, 6.19892642,
0.28888093 ,6.09541103, 5.89499926 ,5.87453672, 5.67954126 ,5.46408326,
1.44982681 ,0.24193736 ,0.77516606 ,5.88055521, 5.55435896, 5.58926555,
5.58926555 ,5.39126084, 4.47466189, 0.06800662, 5.75777998, 5.44963921)
I try this problem by transforming the data handly .... and hist ... but the residual doesn't about zero.
To compute the range from -pi to pi just subtract pi from the radian measurement since radians range from 0 to 2*pi:
error - pi
hist(error - pi)
But that does not give you what you want. You really need to use circular statistics to see what is going on:
install.packages("circular")
library(circular)
plot.circular(error, stack=TRUE)
You can ignore the warning message. Notice that the data are not around zero. To plot a histogram we need to cut the data at pi and flip the values greater than pi:
errortrans <- ifelse(error<pi, error, error-2*pi)
# Alternate transform
# errortrans <- ifelse(error<pi, -error, 2*pi-error)
hist(errortrans, xlim=c(-pi, pi))
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y=0 and x=0
Both increment by 1 every millisecond, but x=0 whenever it reaches 120.
What is the equation for finding x if y is... 5000?
x = y % 120
% is called modulus
You just use modulus.
(y / 120) + (y % 120) = x
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Please forgive my lack of knowledge, which i think it's one of those basic formula related to Trigonometry.
Let's look at visual example:
I have 5 lines, with their line equation (let's say they have zero offset ok)
how can i calculate the Theta of each line equation make (in Pi)?
also I have seen this:
Are they generated from Theta of line equations? or it's another theory which help to find the theta?
much appreciate your time and effort
For equation
y = k * x
tg(Theta) = k
and
Theta = Arctg(k) //arctangent function
General line equation
A * x + B * y + C = 0
(It is more general than y=ax+b and includes cases of vertical and horizontal lines)
Theta = atan2(A, B)
(function atan2 or ArcTan2 exists in math libraries of many programming languages)
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I want to rotate a plane represented by the equation z = 6 , by n degrees along y axis and find the new equation of the plane. how can this be done?
Thanks
Base point (0,0,6) after rotation will lie in XZ plane with coordinates
(x0, y0, z0) = (-6*sin(Fi), 0, 6*cos(Fi))
normal vector
n = (A,B,C) = (-sin(Fi), 0, cos(Fi))
so new plane equation is (for explanation see beginning of the article)
A*(x-x0)+B*(y-y0)+C*(z-z0)=0
or
-sin(Fi)*x + cos(Fi)*z - 6 = 0
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Given a line segment from A (10, 100) to B (300, 300);
and then point A' (10, 200) where A' has the same x, but a different y, as A, how do I find the point where a line from A' would intersect the line AB at D so that A, A', and D form a right triangle?
Get the equation for the line and substitute in the y you already have.