I am designing a website for a school and I want the header of site to be fixed just like facebook has. I tried the fix provided by this question on stackoverflow but it was hardly of any use in the header. I have an image, basically the logo of the school, where I do position: fixed, but
the header hides behind the page.
HTML:
<body>
<div id="header" > <img src="images/iesheader_nnew1.jpg" /></div>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
<li><abbr title="Home">Home </abbr></li>
<li> <abbr title="About Us">About Us </abbr> </li>
<li><abbr title="Academics">Academics</abbr></li>
<li><abbr title="Administration">Administration</abbr></li>
<li><abbr title="News">News</abbr></li>
<li><abbr title="Contact Us">Contact Us</abbr> </li>
<li><abbr title="Photo Gallery">Photo Gallery</abbr> </li>
</ul>
<div class="cleaner"></div>
</div>
CSS:
#header {
margin-left: 0px;
width: auto;
height: 90px;
padding: 0px;
padding-left:185px;
font-size: 35px; color:#FFFFFF;
background-color: #f6c491;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
}
#menu {
position: relative;
clear: both;
width: auto;
height: 38px;
padding: 0;
padding-left:185px;
background-color:#FFFFFF;
margin-bottom: 10px;
margin-left:0px;
}
#menu ul {
float: left;
width: 960px;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
}
#menu ul li {
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
display: inline;
}
#menu a {
float: left;
display: block;
padding: 8px 20px;
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: bold;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
color: #000;
outline: none;
border: none;
border-top: 3px solid black;
}
I tried a number of solutions to that, but whatever I do, the header goes behind the page. I want the menu bar also to be fixed but it also is the same...
Add z-index:1000 to the #header css, and add padding-top to the body css which should be a bit more than header's height. For example, if the header's height is 40px, put the padding-top: 50px to the body css and it should work.
When you add position fixed and/or absolute to a element, it means that the element will leave the natural flow and now it belongs to "layer" that is not related to the layer where all the elements are with the natural flow of the document.
This is a great feature as now you can position those elements anywhere without worring about the rest of the page.
So, about your case. You picked the right position, fixed. Now the elements above it doesn't see it and you have to manually add the height of this header element as a margin and/or padding to the top of the next element.
For example, if you had the following:
<div class="header"></div>
<div class="content"></div>
Repeating what you did add a position fixed to header and considering that it's height is 50 px the content element would get a padding-top:50px and it should do the trick.
<style>
.header{position:fixed;top:0;height:50px;}
.content{padding-top:50px;}
</style>
You can use z-index
Which element that you want to be in front of other elements, give the z-index value higher.
Like this:
z-index: 300;//navbars
z-index: 0;//contents
When you set the an element to have a fixed positioning, It assumes the other neighbouring elements don't exist. Give the element you want to be fixed a larger z-index. Then to prevent the overlapping, give the element preceded by the fixed element the same padding-top as the height of the fixed element. Hope it helps.
CSS Z-index might be your solution
http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_pos_z-index.asp
#header {
margin-top:-38px; //solution
margin-left: 0px;
width: auto;
height: 90px;
padding: 0px;
padding-left:185px;
font-size: 35px;
color:#FFFFFF;
background-color: #f6c491;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
}
Related
I'm implementing pagination, and it needs to be centered. The problem is that the links need to be displayed as block, so they need to be floated. But then, text-align: center; doesn't work on them. I could achieve it by giving the wrapper div padding of left, but every page will have a different number of pages, so that wouldn't work. Here's my code:
.pagination {
text-align: center;
}
.pagination a {
display: block;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
float: left;
margin-left: 3px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button.png);
}
.pagination a.last {
width: 90px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-last.png);
}
.pagination a.first {
width: 60px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-first.png);
}
<div class='pagination'>
<a class='first' href='#'>First</a>
<a href='#'>1</a>
<a href='#'>2</a>
<a href='#'>3</a>
<a class='last' href='#'>Last</a>
</div>
<!-- end: .pagination -->
To get the idea, what I want:
Removing floats, and using inline-block may fix your problems:
.pagination a {
- display: block;
+ display: inline-block;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
- float: left;
margin-left: 3px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button.png);
}
(remove the lines starting with - and add the lines starting with +.)
.pagination {
text-align: center;
}
.pagination a {
+ display: inline-block;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
margin-left: 3px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button.png);
}
.pagination a.last {
width: 90px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-last.png);
}
.pagination a.first {
width: 60px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-first.png);
}
<div class='pagination'>
<a class='first' href='#'>First</a>
<a href='#'>1</a>
<a href='#'>2</a>
<a href='#'>3</a>
<a class='last' href='#'>Last</a>
</div>
<!-- end: .pagination -->
inline-block works cross-browser, even on IE6 as long as the element is originally an inline element.
Quote from quirksmode:
An inline block is placed inline (ie. on the same line as adjacent content), but it behaves as a block.
this often can effectively replace floats:
The real use of this value is when you want to give an inline element a width. In some circumstances some browsers don't allow a width on a real inline element, but if you switch to display: inline-block you are allowed to set a width.” ( http://www.quirksmode.org/css/display.html#inlineblock ).
From the W3C spec:
[inline-block] causes an element to generate an inline-level block container. The inside of an inline-block is formatted as a block box, and the element itself is formatted as an atomic inline-level box.
Since many years I use an old trick I learned in some blog, I'm sorry i don't remember the name to give him credits.
Anyway to center floating elements this should work:
You need a structure like this:
.main-container {
float: left;
position: relative;
left: 50%;
}
.fixer-container {
float: left;
position: relative;
left: -50%;
}
<div class="main-container">
<div class="fixer-container">
<ul class="list-of-floating-elements">
<li class="floated">Floated element</li>
<li class="floated">Floated element</li>
<li class="floated">Floated element</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
the trick is giving float left to make the containers change the width depending on the content. Than is a matter of position:relative and left 50% and -50% on the two containers.
The good thing is that this is cross browser and should work from IE7+.
Centering floats is easy. Just use the style for container:
.pagination{ display: table; margin: 0 auto; }
change the margin for floating elements:
.pagination a{ margin: 0 2px; }
or
.pagination a{ margin-left: 3px; }
.pagination a.first{ margin-left: 0; }
and leave the rest as it is.
It's the best solution for me to display things like menus or pagination.
Strengths:
cross-browser for any elements (blocks, list-items etc.)
simplicity
Weaknesses:
it works only when all floating elements are in one line (which is usually ok for menus but not for galleries).
#arnaud576875 Using inline-block elements will work great (cross-browser) in this case as pagination contains just anchors (inline), no list-items or divs:
Strengths:
works for multiline items.
Weknesses:
gaps between inline-block elements - it works the same way as a space between words. It may cause some troubles calculating the width of the container and styling margins. Gaps width isn't constant but it's browser specific (4-5px).
To get rid of this gaps I would add to arnaud576875 code (not fully tested):
.pagination{ word-spacing: -1em; }
.pagination a{ word-spacing: .1em; }
it won't work in IE6/7 on block and list-items elements
Set your container's width in px and add:
margin: 0 auto;
Reference.
Using Flex
.pagination {
text-align: center;
display:flex;
justify-content:center;
}
.pagination a {
display: block;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
float: left;
margin-left: 3px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button.png);
}
.pagination a.last {
width: 90px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-last.png);
}
.pagination a.first {
width: 60px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-first.png);
}
<div class='pagination'>
<a class='first' href='#'>First</a>
<a href='#'>1</a>
<a href='#'>2</a>
<a href='#'>3</a>
<a class='last' href='#'>Last</a>
</div>
<!-- end: .pagination -->
text-align: center;
float: none;
I think the best way is using margin instead of display.
I.e.:
.pagination a {
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button.png);
}
Check the result and the code:
http://cssdeck.com/labs/d9d6ydif
You can also do this by changing .pagination by replacing "text-align: center" with two to three lines of css for left, transform and, depending on circumstances, position.
.pagination {
left: 50%; /* left-align your element to center */
transform: translateX(-50%); /* offset left by half the width of your element */
position: absolute; /* use or dont' use depending on element parent */
}
.pagination a {
display: block;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
float: left;
margin-left: 3px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button.png);
}
.pagination a.last {
width: 90px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-last.png);
}
.pagination a.first {
width: 60px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-first.png);
}
<div class='pagination'>
<a class='first' href='#'>First</a>
<a href='#'>1</a>
<a href='#'>2</a>
<a href='#'>3</a>
<a class='last' href='#'>Last</a>
</div>
<!-- end: .pagination -->
IE7 doesn't know inline-block.
You must add:
display:inline;
zoom: 1;
Add this to you styling
position:relative;
float: left;
left: calc(50% - *half your container length here);
*If your container width is 50px put 25px, if it is 10em put 5em.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>float object center</title>
<style type="text/css">
#warp{
width:500px;
margin:auto;
}
.ser{
width: 200px;
background-color: #ffffff;
display: block;
float: left;
margin-right: 50px;
}
.inim{
width: 120px;
margin-left: 40px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="warp">
<div class="ser">
<img class="inim" src="http://123greetingsquotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/republic-day-parade-india-images-120x120.jpg">
</div>
<div class="ser">
<img class="inim" sr`enter code here`c="http://123greetingsquotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/republic-day-parade-india-images-120x120.jpg">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
step 1
create two or more div's you want and give them a definite width like 100px for each then float it left or right
step 2
then warp these two div's in another div and give it the width of 200px. to this div apply margin auto.
boom it works pretty well. check the above example.
Just adding
left:15%;
into my css menu of
#menu li {
float: left;
position:relative;
left: 15%;
list-style:none;
}
did the centering trick too
The project is to create a micro-blogging website similar to Twitter. I chose to name the site Chirper (how clever of me). Each post is structured by a parent div, an avatar div and a content div. The avatar and content divs are displayed inline, but they are not aligned properly. Any help is appreciated.
HTML:
<div class="chirp">
<div class="chirp_avatar_region">
<img src="img/avatar/default.png" alt="Avatar" width="64" height="64">
</div>
<div class="chirp_content">
<p>
USER
<span class="timeStamp">2013-11-22 16:43:59</span>
</p>
<p>
COMMENT
</p>
<p>
ReChirp!
</p>
</div>
The div's aren't aligned how I want them to be (level and 100% of the parent).
I can't post images, so here is a link to an imgur page: http://imgur.com/Mn9mE5q
Relevant CSS:
body {
font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;
color: #000;
background-color: #666;
font-size: 1em;
}
/* Containers */
div {
margin-top: auto;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
margin-bottom: 10px;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 3px;
border-color: #000;
padding: 10px;
}
div.pane {
width: 70%;
background-color: 0099FF;
}
div.chirp {
border-width: 1px;
margin-bottom: -1px;
width: 80%;
padding: 5px;
}
div.chirp_avatar_region {
display: inline-block;
width: 10%;
height: 100%;
text-align: center;
/*border-style: none;*/
}
div.chirp_content {
display: inline-block;
width: 80%;
height: 100%;
/*border-style: none;*/
}
div.chirp_avatar_region > img, div.chirp_content > p {
margin-top: 0;
vertical-align: middle;
}
You can either float your inner divs then clear the float following the container
or
use vertical-align:top to position your divs at the top of the container
Not entirely sure, but what I think is happening is that by defining position:inline-block, it's putting them on the same line, and making the line-height the height of the chirp_content container. In a sense anyway.
Set to vertical-align:top; and it should solve it.
Ex.
.chirp_content, .chirp_avatar_region{ vertical-align:top; }
JS Fiddle
Give to the avatar_region a float: left, and remove its width: and height: setting. Remove the chirp_content div, it circumvents the inlining.
My code - Plunker
I try to create a fluid layout, my sidebar is made of a list of links. I want each <li> element to be a perfect square, the problem starts when I add the text inside. It seems to be adding height to my square and what I get is a rectangle. If you examine my code the dimensions of my list objects are
32px X 43px. How can I prevent from an inside text to extend the <li> elements?
And how can I make the text appear on the bottom left side of the <li> element?
My CSS:
body{
width: 100%;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.content {
width: 95%;
display: inline;
float: left;
}
.sidebar{
width: 5%;
display: inline;
float: left;
}
.sidebar ul{
width: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
list-style: none;
}
.sidebar li{
padding: 50%;
background-color: oldlace;
}
.sidebar a{
display: block;
font-size: 0.5em;
}
My HTML:
<body >
<h1>Hello Plunker!</h1>
<div class="sidebar">
<ul>
<li>ANALYTICS</li>
<li>STYLES</li>
<li>VOTERS</li>
<li>GET STARTED</li>
<li>UPDATE</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="content">
<p>Blahahhhahhhahahahahahahhahahah blahahahh bluah</p>
</div>
You could use position: relative on the li and position: absolute on the a. Using absolute will cause the a element to not affect the li's dimensions. In this way you can also position it in the corner.
http://plnkr.co/edit/kcjCl1?p=preview
.sidebar li{
padding: 50%;
position: relative;
}
.sidebar a{
display: block;
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
}
All my html elements are being positioned where I want them, except one, and I can't see why it should be the exception. The css snipped to exclude non relevant parts is:
body {
position:relative;
}
ul {
position:absolute;
list-style:none;
margin:0px;
padding:0px;
}
li: {
position: relative;
top: 90px;
display: block;
height: 80px;
}
#track_title {
position:absolute;
top: 1px;
left: 80px;
font-size: 15px;
font-weight: bold;
}
<ul>
<li>
<img src="image.png">
<h2 id = "track_title">Title</h2>
<h3 id = "artist_name">Name</h3>
However as you can see from the screenshot the Title is appearing more than 1px from the top of its parent li. What am I doing incorrectly?
There are default margins and padding for h2 & h3 element. You should set it with your fixed values.
I'm implementing pagination, and it needs to be centered. The problem is that the links need to be displayed as block, so they need to be floated. But then, text-align: center; doesn't work on them. I could achieve it by giving the wrapper div padding of left, but every page will have a different number of pages, so that wouldn't work. Here's my code:
.pagination {
text-align: center;
}
.pagination a {
display: block;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
float: left;
margin-left: 3px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button.png);
}
.pagination a.last {
width: 90px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-last.png);
}
.pagination a.first {
width: 60px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-first.png);
}
<div class='pagination'>
<a class='first' href='#'>First</a>
<a href='#'>1</a>
<a href='#'>2</a>
<a href='#'>3</a>
<a class='last' href='#'>Last</a>
</div>
<!-- end: .pagination -->
To get the idea, what I want:
Removing floats, and using inline-block may fix your problems:
.pagination a {
- display: block;
+ display: inline-block;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
- float: left;
margin-left: 3px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button.png);
}
(remove the lines starting with - and add the lines starting with +.)
.pagination {
text-align: center;
}
.pagination a {
+ display: inline-block;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
margin-left: 3px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button.png);
}
.pagination a.last {
width: 90px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-last.png);
}
.pagination a.first {
width: 60px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-first.png);
}
<div class='pagination'>
<a class='first' href='#'>First</a>
<a href='#'>1</a>
<a href='#'>2</a>
<a href='#'>3</a>
<a class='last' href='#'>Last</a>
</div>
<!-- end: .pagination -->
inline-block works cross-browser, even on IE6 as long as the element is originally an inline element.
Quote from quirksmode:
An inline block is placed inline (ie. on the same line as adjacent content), but it behaves as a block.
this often can effectively replace floats:
The real use of this value is when you want to give an inline element a width. In some circumstances some browsers don't allow a width on a real inline element, but if you switch to display: inline-block you are allowed to set a width.” ( http://www.quirksmode.org/css/display.html#inlineblock ).
From the W3C spec:
[inline-block] causes an element to generate an inline-level block container. The inside of an inline-block is formatted as a block box, and the element itself is formatted as an atomic inline-level box.
Since many years I use an old trick I learned in some blog, I'm sorry i don't remember the name to give him credits.
Anyway to center floating elements this should work:
You need a structure like this:
.main-container {
float: left;
position: relative;
left: 50%;
}
.fixer-container {
float: left;
position: relative;
left: -50%;
}
<div class="main-container">
<div class="fixer-container">
<ul class="list-of-floating-elements">
<li class="floated">Floated element</li>
<li class="floated">Floated element</li>
<li class="floated">Floated element</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
the trick is giving float left to make the containers change the width depending on the content. Than is a matter of position:relative and left 50% and -50% on the two containers.
The good thing is that this is cross browser and should work from IE7+.
Centering floats is easy. Just use the style for container:
.pagination{ display: table; margin: 0 auto; }
change the margin for floating elements:
.pagination a{ margin: 0 2px; }
or
.pagination a{ margin-left: 3px; }
.pagination a.first{ margin-left: 0; }
and leave the rest as it is.
It's the best solution for me to display things like menus or pagination.
Strengths:
cross-browser for any elements (blocks, list-items etc.)
simplicity
Weaknesses:
it works only when all floating elements are in one line (which is usually ok for menus but not for galleries).
#arnaud576875 Using inline-block elements will work great (cross-browser) in this case as pagination contains just anchors (inline), no list-items or divs:
Strengths:
works for multiline items.
Weknesses:
gaps between inline-block elements - it works the same way as a space between words. It may cause some troubles calculating the width of the container and styling margins. Gaps width isn't constant but it's browser specific (4-5px).
To get rid of this gaps I would add to arnaud576875 code (not fully tested):
.pagination{ word-spacing: -1em; }
.pagination a{ word-spacing: .1em; }
it won't work in IE6/7 on block and list-items elements
Set your container's width in px and add:
margin: 0 auto;
Reference.
Using Flex
.pagination {
text-align: center;
display:flex;
justify-content:center;
}
.pagination a {
display: block;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
float: left;
margin-left: 3px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button.png);
}
.pagination a.last {
width: 90px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-last.png);
}
.pagination a.first {
width: 60px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-first.png);
}
<div class='pagination'>
<a class='first' href='#'>First</a>
<a href='#'>1</a>
<a href='#'>2</a>
<a href='#'>3</a>
<a class='last' href='#'>Last</a>
</div>
<!-- end: .pagination -->
text-align: center;
float: none;
I think the best way is using margin instead of display.
I.e.:
.pagination a {
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button.png);
}
Check the result and the code:
http://cssdeck.com/labs/d9d6ydif
You can also do this by changing .pagination by replacing "text-align: center" with two to three lines of css for left, transform and, depending on circumstances, position.
.pagination {
left: 50%; /* left-align your element to center */
transform: translateX(-50%); /* offset left by half the width of your element */
position: absolute; /* use or dont' use depending on element parent */
}
.pagination a {
display: block;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
float: left;
margin-left: 3px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button.png);
}
.pagination a.last {
width: 90px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-last.png);
}
.pagination a.first {
width: 60px;
background: url(/images/structure/pagination-button-first.png);
}
<div class='pagination'>
<a class='first' href='#'>First</a>
<a href='#'>1</a>
<a href='#'>2</a>
<a href='#'>3</a>
<a class='last' href='#'>Last</a>
</div>
<!-- end: .pagination -->
IE7 doesn't know inline-block.
You must add:
display:inline;
zoom: 1;
Add this to you styling
position:relative;
float: left;
left: calc(50% - *half your container length here);
*If your container width is 50px put 25px, if it is 10em put 5em.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>float object center</title>
<style type="text/css">
#warp{
width:500px;
margin:auto;
}
.ser{
width: 200px;
background-color: #ffffff;
display: block;
float: left;
margin-right: 50px;
}
.inim{
width: 120px;
margin-left: 40px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="warp">
<div class="ser">
<img class="inim" src="http://123greetingsquotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/republic-day-parade-india-images-120x120.jpg">
</div>
<div class="ser">
<img class="inim" sr`enter code here`c="http://123greetingsquotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/republic-day-parade-india-images-120x120.jpg">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
step 1
create two or more div's you want and give them a definite width like 100px for each then float it left or right
step 2
then warp these two div's in another div and give it the width of 200px. to this div apply margin auto.
boom it works pretty well. check the above example.
Just adding
left:15%;
into my css menu of
#menu li {
float: left;
position:relative;
left: 15%;
list-style:none;
}
did the centering trick too