The code given below is to convert binary files from float32 to 16b with scale factor of 10. I am getting error of invalidation of %d.
setwd("C:\\2001")
for (b in paste("data", 1:365, ".flt", sep="")) {
conne <- file(b, "rb")
file1<- readBin(conne, double(), size=4, n=360*720, signed=TRUE)
file1[file1 != -9999] <- file1[file1 != -9999]*10
close(conne)
fileName <- sprintf("C:\\New folder (11)\\NewFile%d.bin", b)
writeBin(as.integer(file1), fileName, size = 2)
}
Result:
Error in sprintf("C:\\New folder (11)\\NewFile%d.bin", :
invalid format '%d'; use format %s for character objects
I used %s as suggested by R.But the files from 1:365 were totally empty
The %d is a placeholder for a integer variable inside a string. Therefore, when you use sprintf(%d, var), var must be an integer.
In your case, the variable b is a string (or a character object). So, you use the placeholder for string variables, which is %s.
Now, if your files are empty, there must be something wrong elsewhere in your code. You should ask another question more specific to it.
Related
I am reading a line from a text file. It contains the date in YYYY-MM-DD format. I am trying to convert it to datetime object so as to find the difference between two dates.
l = datetime.strptime(last_execution_date,"%Y-%m-%d").date()
Its throwing an error:ValueError: unconverted data remains:
But when I am using below its working perfectly fine
l = datetime.strptime('2019-01-25',"%Y-%m-%d").date()
My complete code looks something like this:
def incoming_mails_duration():
f = open('last_script_execution_time.txt', 'r')
last_execution_date = f.readline()
print(last_execution_date)
print(type(last_execution_date))
l = datetime.strptime(last_execution_date,"%Y-%m-%d").date()
print(l)
print(type(l))
present_date = date.today()
delta_days = abs((present_date - l).days)
f.close()
Why I am getting the above error when I am passing the string as variable read from a file ?
It is because f.readline() returns string with \n in the end. You either have to strip the newline character or include it inside strptime format argument.
Solution 1:
last_execution_date = f.readline().strip()
Solution 2:
l = datetime.strptime(last_execution_date,"%Y-%m-%d\n").date() # Note \n
Note
Also it is good practice to open files with with statement. This is a safe way to handle files. File will be safely closed even if exception occurred inside with block.
with open(filepath) as f:
for line in f:
# Work with line here
pass
I'm using slackr to send alert messages to a Slack channel. It works great except the message format is not great and I want to improve it.
install_github("hrbrmstr/slackr")
library(slackr)
slackr_setup(channel="#alerts", username="Mark Davis",
incoming_webhook_url = "https://hooks.slack.com/services/T31P8UDAB/BCH4HKQSC/*********",
api_token = "*********", echo = F)
alert="On Monday, 2018-09-03 # 2pm Pacific..."
slackr(alert)
Here is an example of how a message from slackr looks in Slack:
Here is an example of how I'd like it to look:
slackr doesn't seem to have many options in the way of formatting. I was thinking of building an image and inserting that, but I'm having trouble building an image out of a text file using R.
Perhaps there is another api I could call that could take my text and format it for slack?
I'm open to any suggestions.
Addendum:
Slackr has an option to upload files, so my latest attempt is to create an image from the text message and upload that object.
I am able to create a png file from the text message using the magick library. I created an image with a colored background, and I simply add the message text to the image:
library(magick)
alert_picture <- image_read('alert_480x150_dark_red.png')
alert_picture=image_annotate(alert_picture, DreamCloud_Alert, size = 20, gravity = "southwest",
color = "white", location = "+10+10")
image_write(alert_picture, path = "alert_picture.png", format = "png")
The image looks pretty good (although there doesn't seem to be an easy way to bold or underline specific words in the message), but the obstacle now is that I can't get the upload command to work.
slackr_upload(filename = "alert_picture.png")
I don't get any error messages but nothing is uploaded to slack.
I got around this issue by using the httr package to execute the post image function to slack.
Thanks to Adil B. for providing the solution:
Post Image to Slack Using HTTR package in R
I am not sure this is what you meant, but I solved allowing formatting like in a regular slack message by altering the slackr_bot() function and just removing the 2 sets of 3 back-ticks at the end of the code where it says text. Then just call it slackr_bot1() or something, and then you can post formatted messages. This is the function after the back-ticks removal:
slackr_bot1 <- function(...,
channel=Sys.getenv("SLACK_CHANNEL"),
username=Sys.getenv("SLACK_USERNAME"),
icon_emoji=Sys.getenv("SLACK_ICON_EMOJI"),
incoming_webhook_url=Sys.getenv("SLACK_INCOMING_URL_PREFIX")) {
if (incoming_webhook_url == "") {
stop("No incoming webhook URL specified. Did you forget to call slackr_setup()?", call. = FALSE)
}
if (icon_emoji != "") { icon_emoji <- sprintf(', "icon_emoji": "%s"', icon_emoji) }
resp_ret <- ""
if (!missing(...)) {
# mimics capture.output
# get the arglist
args <- substitute(list(...))[-1L]
# setup in-memory sink
rval <- NULL
fil <- textConnection("rval", "w", local = TRUE)
sink(fil)
on.exit({
sink()
close(fil)
})
# where we'll need to eval expressions
pf <- parent.frame()
# how we'll eval expressions
evalVis <- function(expr) withVisible(eval(expr, pf))
# for each expression
for (i in seq_along(args)) {
expr <- args[[i]]
# do something, note all the newlines...Slack ``` needs them
tmp <- switch(mode(expr),
# if it's actually an expresison, iterate over it
expression = {
cat(sprintf("> %s\n", deparse(expr)))
lapply(expr, evalVis)
},
# if it's a call or a name, eval, printing run output as if in console
call = ,
name = {
cat(sprintf("> %s\n", deparse(expr)))
list(evalVis(expr))
},
# if pretty much anything else (i.e. a bare value) just output it
integer = ,
double = ,
complex = ,
raw = ,
logical = ,
numeric = cat(sprintf("%s\n\n", as.character(expr))),
character = cat(sprintf("%s\n\n", expr)),
stop("mode of argument not handled at present by slackr"))
for (item in tmp) if (item$visible) { print(item$value, quote = FALSE); cat("\n") }
}
on.exit()
sink()
close(fil)
# combined all of them (rval is a character vector)
output <- paste0(rval, collapse="\n")
loc <- Sys.getlocale('LC_CTYPE')
Sys.setlocale('LC_CTYPE','C')
on.exit(Sys.setlocale("LC_CTYPE", loc))
resp <- POST(url = incoming_webhook_url, encode = "form",
add_headers(`Content-Type` = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
Accept = "*/*"), body = URLencode(sprintf("payload={\"channel\": \"%s\", \"username\": \"%s\", \"text\": \"%s\"%s}",
channel, username, output, icon_emoji)))
warn_for_status(resp)
}
return(invisible())
}
slackr_bot1("*test* on time")
I have declared an integer object called "teamStrength" and want to call it in the readline command. I know this is pretty much how to do it in Java but how do I display the object? "teamStrength" is supposed to change so I can't just display the actual number.
teamStrength <- mean(teams$Fifa.Rating, trim = 0.5)
CONTINUE <- readline(prompt = 'Your team strength is ' + teamStrength +
'Type yes if you want to continue. Type no if
you want to rechoose. ')
The prompt string should be concatenated with paste(), rather than plus signs. Your code should be something like this:
teamStrength <- mean(teams$Fifa.Rating, trim = 0.5)
CONTINUE <- readline(prompt = paste('Your team strength is ',
teamStrength, 'Type yes if you want to continue.
Type no if you want to rechoose. '))
I receive a list test that may contain or miss a certain name variable.
When I retrieve items by name, e.g. temp = test[[name]] in case name is missing I temp is NULL. In other cases, temp has inadequate value, so I want to throw a warning, something like name value XXX is invalid, where XXX is temp (I use sprintf for that purpose) and assign the default value.
However, I have a hard time converting it to string. Is there one-liner in R to do this?
as.character produces character(0) which turns the whole sprintf argument to character(0).
Workflow typically looks like:
for (name in name_list){
temp = test[[name]]
if(is.null(temp) || is_invalid(temp) {
warning(sprintf('%s is invalid parameter value for %s', as.character(temp), name))
result = assign_default(name)
} else {
result = temp
print(sprintf('parameter %s is OK', name)
}
}
PS.
is_invalid is function defined elsewhere. I need subsitute of as.character that would return '' or 'NULL'.
test = list(t1 = "a", t2 = NULL, t3 = "b")
foo = function(x){
ifelse(is.null(test[[x]]), paste(x, "is not valid"), test[[x]])
}
foo("t1")
#[1] "a"
foo("t2")
#[1] "t2 is not valid"
foo("r")
#[1] "r is not valid"
You can use format() to convert NULL to "NULL".
In your example it would be:
warning(sprintf('%s is invalid parameter value for %s', format(temp), name))
Well, as ultimately my goal was to join two strings, one of which might be empty (null), I realized, I just can use paste(temp, "name is empty or invalid") as my warning string. It doesn't exactly convert NULL to the string, but it's a solution.
I got a string (str1) and I want to extract anything after pattern "mycode=",
local str1 = "ServerName/codebase/?mycode=ABC123";
local tmp1 = string.match(str1, "mycode=%w+");
local tmp2 = string.gsub(tmp1,"mycode=", "");
From the logs,
tmp1 => mycode=ABC123
tmp2 => ABC123
Is there a better/more efficient way to do this? I do belive lua strings do not follow the POSIX standard (due to the size of the code base).
Yes, use a capture in your pattern to control what you get back from string.match.
From the lua reference manual (emphasis mine):
Looks for the first match of pattern in the string s. If it finds one, then match returns the captures from the pattern; otherwise it returns nil. If pattern specifies no captures, then the whole match is returned. A third, optional numerical argument init specifies where to start the search; its default value is 1 and can be negative.
It works like this:
> local str1 = "ServerName/codebase/?mycode=ABC123"
> local tmp1 = string.match(str1, "mycode=%w+")
> print(tmp1)
mycode=ABC123
> local tmp2 = string.match(str1, "mycode=(%w+)")
> print(tmp2)
ABC123