Is there a good way to get a year + week number converted a date in R? I have tried the following:
> as.POSIXct("2008 41", format="%Y %U")
[1] "2008-02-21 EST"
> as.POSIXct("2008 42", format="%Y %U")
[1] "2008-02-21 EST"
According to ?strftime:
%Y Year with century. Note that whereas there was no zero in the
original Gregorian calendar, ISO 8601:2004 defines it to be valid
(interpreted as 1BC): see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(year). Note
that the standard also says that years before 1582 in its calendar
should only be used with agreement of the parties involved.
%U Week of the year as decimal number (00–53) using Sunday as the
first day 1 of the week (and typically with the first Sunday of the
year as day 1 of week 1). The US convention.
This is kinda like another question you may have seen before. :)
The key issue is: what day should a week number specify? Is it the first day of the week? The last? That's ambiguous. I don't know if week one is the first day of the year or the 7th day of the year, or possibly the first Sunday or Monday of the year (which is a frequent interpretation). (And it's worse than that: these generally appear to be 0-indexed, rather than 1-indexed.) So, an enumerated day of the week needs to be specified.
For instance, try this:
as.POSIXlt("2008 42 1", format = "%Y %U %u")
The %u indicator specifies the day of the week.
Additional note: See ?strptime for the various options for format conversion. It's important to be careful about the enumeration of weeks, as these can be split across the end of the year, and day 1 is ambiguous: is it specified based on a Sunday or Monday, or from the first day of the year? This should all be specified and tested on the different systems where the R code will run. I'm not certain that Windows and POSIX systems sing the same tune on some of these conversions, hence I'd test and test again.
Day-of-week == zero in the POSIXlt DateTimesClasses system is Sunday. Not exactly Biblical and not in agreement with the R indexing that starts at "1" convention either, but that's what it is. Week zero is the first (partial) week in the year. Week one (but day of week zero) starts with the first Sunday. And all the other sequence types in POSIXlt have 0 as their starting point. It kind of interesting to see what coercing the list elements of POSIXlt objects do. The only way you can actually change a POSIXlt date is to alter the $year, the $mon or the $mday elements. The others seem to be epiphenomena.
today <- as.POSIXlt(Sys.Date())
today # Tuesday
#[1] "2012-02-21 UTC"
today$wday <- 0 # attempt to make it Sunday
today
# [1] "2012-02-21 UTC" The attempt fails
today$mday <- 19
today
#[1] "2012-02-19 UTC" Success
I did not come up with this myself (it's taken from a blog post by Forester), but nevertheless I thought I'd add this to the answer list because it's the first implementation of the ISO 8601 week number convention that I've seen in R.
No doubt, week numbers are a very ambiguous topic, but I prefer an ISO standard over the current implementation of week numbers via format(..., "%U") because it seems that this is what most people agreed on, at least in Germany (calendars etc.).
I've put the actual function def at the bottom to facilitate focusing on the output first. Also, I just stumbled across package ISOweek, maybe worth a try.
Approach Comparison
x.days <- c("Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun")
x.names <- sapply(1:length(posix), function(x) {
x.day <- as.POSIXlt(posix[x], tz="Europe/Berlin")$wday
if (x.day == 0) {
x.day <- 7
}
out <- x.days[x.day]
})
data.frame(
posix,
name=x.names,
week.r=weeknum,
week.iso=ISOweek(as.character(posix), tzone="Europe/Berlin")$weeknum
)
# Result
posix name week.r week.iso
1 2012-01-01 Sun 1 4480458
2 2012-01-02 Mon 1 1
3 2012-01-03 Tue 1 1
4 2012-01-04 Wed 1 1
5 2012-01-05 Thu 1 1
6 2012-01-06 Fri 1 1
7 2012-01-07 Sat 1 1
8 2012-01-08 Sun 2 1
9 2012-01-09 Mon 2 2
10 2012-01-10 Tue 2 2
11 2012-01-11 Wed 2 2
12 2012-01-12 Thu 2 2
13 2012-01-13 Fri 2 2
14 2012-01-14 Sat 2 2
15 2012-01-15 Sun 3 2
16 2012-01-16 Mon 3 3
17 2012-01-17 Tue 3 3
18 2012-01-18 Wed 3 3
19 2012-01-19 Thu 3 3
20 2012-01-20 Fri 3 3
21 2012-01-21 Sat 3 3
22 2012-01-22 Sun 4 3
23 2012-01-23 Mon 4 4
24 2012-01-24 Tue 4 4
25 2012-01-25 Wed 4 4
26 2012-01-26 Thu 4 4
27 2012-01-27 Fri 4 4
28 2012-01-28 Sat 4 4
29 2012-01-29 Sun 5 4
30 2012-01-30 Mon 5 5
31 2012-01-31 Tue 5 5
Function Def
It's taken directly from the blog post, I've just changed a couple of minor things. The function is still kind of sketchy (e.g. the week number of the first date is far off), but I find it to be a nice start!
ISOweek <- function(
date,
format="%Y-%m-%d",
tzone="UTC",
return.val="weekofyear"
){
##converts dates into "dayofyear" or "weekofyear", the latter providing the ISO-8601 week
##date should be a vector of class Date or a vector of formatted character strings
##format refers to the date form used if a vector of
## character strings is supplied
##convert date to POSIXt format
if(class(date)[1]%in%c("Date","character")){
date=as.POSIXlt(date,format=format, tz=tzone)
}
# if(class(date)[1]!="POSIXt"){
if (!inherits(date, "POSIXt")) {
print("Date is of wrong format.")
break
}else if(class(date)[2]=="POSIXct"){
date=as.POSIXlt(date, tz=tzone)
}
print(date)
if(return.val=="dayofyear"){
##add 1 because POSIXt is base zero
return(date$yday+1)
}else if(return.val=="weekofyear"){
##Based on the ISO8601 weekdate system,
## Monday is the first day of the week
## W01 is the week with 4 Jan in it.
year=1900+date$year
jan4=strptime(paste(year,1,4,sep="-"),format="%Y-%m-%d")
wday=jan4$wday
wday[wday==0]=7 ##convert to base 1, where Monday == 1, Sunday==7
##calculate the date of the first week of the year
weekstart=jan4-(wday-1)*86400
weeknum=ceiling(as.numeric((difftime(date,weekstart,units="days")+0.1)/7))
#########################################################################
##calculate week for days of the year occuring in the next year's week 1.
#########################################################################
mday=date$mday
wday=date$wday
wday[wday==0]=7
year=ifelse(weeknum==53 & mday-wday>=28,year+1,year)
weeknum=ifelse(weeknum==53 & mday-wday>=28,1,weeknum)
################################################################
##calculate week for days of the year occuring prior to week 1.
################################################################
##first calculate the numbe of weeks in the previous year
year.shift=year-1
jan4.shift=strptime(paste(year.shift,1,4,sep="-"),format="%Y-%m-%d")
wday=jan4.shift$wday
wday[wday==0]=7 ##convert to base 1, where Monday == 1, Sunday==7
weekstart=jan4.shift-(wday-1)*86400
weeknum.shift=ceiling(as.numeric((difftime(date,weekstart)+0.1)/7))
##update year and week
year=ifelse(weeknum==0,year.shift,year)
weeknum=ifelse(weeknum==0,weeknum.shift,weeknum)
return(list("year"=year,"weeknum"=weeknum))
}else{
print("Unknown return.val")
break
}
}
Related
Hello I am trying to find the week number for a series of date over three years. However R is not giving the correct week number. I am generating a seq of dates from 2016-04-01 to 2019-03-30 and then I am trying to calculate week over three years such that I get the week number 54, 55 , 56 and so on.
However when I check the week 2016-04-03 R shows the week number as 14 where as when cross checked with excel it is the week number 15 and also it simply calculates 7 days and does not reference the actual calendar days. Also the week number starts from 1 for every start of year
The code looks like this
days <- seq(as.Date("2016-04-03"),as.Date("2019-03-30"),'days')
weekdays <- data.frame('days'=days, Month = month(days), week = week(days),nweek = rep(1,length(days)))
This is how the results looks like
days week
2016-04-01 14
2016-04-02 14
2016-04-03 14
2016-04-04 14
2016-04-05 14
2016-04-06 14
2016-04-07 14
2016-04-08 15
2016-04-09 15
2016-04-10 15
2016-04-11 15
2016-04-12 15
However when checked from excel this is what I get
days week
2016-04-01 14
2016-04-02 14
2016-04-03 15
2016-04-04 15
2016-04-05 15
2016-04-06 15
2016-04-07 15
2016-04-08 15
2016-04-09 15
2016-04-10 16
2016-04-11 16
2016-04-12 16
Can someone please help me identify wherever I am going wrong.
Thanks a lot in advance!!
Not anything that you're doing wrong per se, there is just a difference in how R (I presume you're using the lubridate package) and Excel calculate week numbers.
R will calculate week numbers based on the seven day block from 1 January that year; but
Excel calculates week numbers based on a week starting from Sunday.
Taking the first few days of January 2016 for an example. On, Friday, 1 January 2016, both R and Excel will say this is week 1.
On Sunday, 3 January 2016:
this is within the first seven days of the start of the year so R will return week number 1; but
it is a Sunday, so Excel ticks over to week number 2.
Try this:
ifelse(test = weekdays.Date(days[1]) == "Sunday", yes = epiweek(days[1]), no = epiweek(days[1]) + 1) + cumsum(weekdays.Date(days) == "Sunday")
This tests whether the first day is a Sunday or not and returns an appropriate week number starting point, then adds on one more week number each Sunday. Gives the same week number if there's overlap between years.
I'm running into trouble converting a year + month string containing week number 53 using the as.Date() function in R.
The code works for the top example for week number 52 but returns NA for the bottom example for week number 53.
a <- "2017521"
as.Date(a, '%Y%W%u')
"2017-12-25"
b <- "2017531"
as.Date(b, '%Y%W%u')
NA
You're getting NA for b <- "2017531" because you're trying to reference a date that did not exist.
This has to do with the way you formatted your date, and the way the calendar is initiated.
%W refers to the numerical week 00-53
%u refers to the day of the week 1-7 Monday is 1
b <- "2017531"
as.Date(b, '%Y%W%u')
# [1] NA
Week 53 day 1 would refer to Monday of the 53rd week. But the only day of the week that occurred on the 53rd week of 2017 was Sunday.
c <- "2017537"
as.Date(a, '%Y%W%u')
# [1] "2017-12-31"
You can further confirm this by checking the date Saturday of week 52:
d <- "2017526"
as.Date(a, '%Y%W%u')
# [1] "2017-12-30"
I am interested in creating a dataframe of Date values for the year 2015. There would be one row per date. Also, these would have to correspond to their accurate weekday. For example weekdays() applied to 2015-01-01 would have a value of Thursday. This is because I ultimately want to extract the dates that correspond to Saturdays and Sundays.
try this:
dates <- seq(as.Date("2015-01-01"),as.Date("2015-12-31"),1)
weekdays <- weekdays(dates)
res <- data.frame(dates,weekdays)
res[res$weekdays=="Sunday" | res$weekdays=="Saturday",]
##EDIT thanks to #Jaap
res[res$weekdays %in% c("Sunday","Saturday"),]
dates weekdays
3 2015-01-03 Saturday
4 2015-01-04 Sunday
10 2015-01-10 Saturday
11 2015-01-11 Sunday
17 2015-01-17 Saturday
18 2015-01-18 Sunday
I'm trying to define a custom week for a dataframe.
I have a dataframe with timestamps.
I've read the questions on here regarding isocalendar. While it does the job. It's not what I want.
I'm trying to define the weeks from Friday to Thrusday.
For example:
Friday 2nd Jan 2015 would be the first day of the week.
Thursday 8th Jan 2015 would be the last day of the week.
And this would be week 1.
Is there a way to set a custom weekday? so when I access the the datetime library, I get the result that I expect.
df['Week_Number'] = df['Date'].dt.week
Here's one solution - convert your dates to a Period representing weeks that end on Thursday.
In [39]: df = pd.DataFrame({'Date':pd.date_range('2015-1-1', '2015-12-31')})
In [40]: df['Period'] = df['Date'].dt.to_period('W-THU')
In [41]: df['Week_Number'] = df['Period'].dt.week
In [44]: df.head()
Out[44]:
Date Period Week_Number
0 2015-01-01 2014-12-26/2015-01-01 1
1 2015-01-02 2015-01-02/2015-01-08 2
2 2015-01-03 2015-01-02/2015-01-08 2
3 2015-01-04 2015-01-02/2015-01-08 2
4 2015-01-05 2015-01-02/2015-01-08 2
Note that it follows the same convention as datetimes, where week 1 can be incomplete, so you may have to do a little extra munging if you want 1 to be the first complete week.
I have dates in year month day format that I want to convert to year month week format like so:
date dateweek
2015-02-18 -> 2015-02-8
2015-02-19 -> 2015-02-8
2015-02-20 -> ....
2015-02-21
2015-02-22
2015-02-23
2015-02-24 ...
2015-02-25 -> 2015-02-9
2015-02-26 -> 2015-02-9
2015-02-27 -> 2015-02-9
I tried
data$dateweek <- week(as.POSIXlt(data$date))
but that returns only weeks without the corresponding year and month.
I also tried:
data$dateweek <- as.POSIXct('2015-02-18')
data$dateweek <- format(data$dateweek, '%Y-%m-%U')
# data$dateweek <- format(as.POSIXct(data$date), '%Y-%m-%U')
but the corresponding columns look strange:
date datetime
2015-01-01 2015-01-00
2015-01-02 2015-01-00
2015-01-03 2015-01-00
2015-01-04 2015-01-01
2015-01-05 2015-01-01
2015-01-06 2015-01-01
2015-01-07 2015-01-01
2015-01-08 2015-01-01
2015-01-09 2015-01-01
2015-01-10 2015-01-01
2015-01-11 2015-01-02
You need to use the '%Y-%m-%V format to change it:
mydate <- as.POSIXct('2015-02-18')
> format(mydate, '%Y-%m-%V')
[1] "2015-02-08"
From the documentation strptime:
%V
Week of the year as decimal number (00–53) as defined in ISO 8601. If the week (starting on Monday) containing 1 January has four or more days in the new year, then it is considered week 1. Otherwise, it is the last week of the previous year, and the next week is week 1. (Accepted but ignored on input.)
and there is also (The US convention) :
%U
Week of the year as decimal number (00–53) using Sunday as the first day 1 of the week (and typically with the first Sunday of the year as day 1 of week 1). The US convention.
It really depends on which one you want to use for your case.
mydate <- as.POSIXct('2015-02-18')
> format(mydate, '%Y-%m-%U')
[1] "2015-02-07"
In your case you should do:
data$dateweek <- format(as.POSIXct(data$date), '%Y-%m-%U')