I am trying to find a way to determine if a line segment drawn between two points in 3D space will intersect another 3D body (rectangular prism) that is defined by regions using (x, y, z) vertices.
Is there a way to do this in Matlab?
Make equations for box faces. In the case of axis-aligned box they are simple like
for facet1 perpendicular to OX axis:
x - x1 = 0
y1 <= y <= y2
z1 >= z <= z2
At first check that segment ends don't lie at the same side of all facets, substituting their coordinates in plane equations. If signs of result for both segment ends are similar, segment does not intersect this plane. If all 6 planes are excluded, there in no intersection, but check if both ends lie inside the box (if this case is considered as intersection)
Now work with faces that provide distinct signs.
Make parametric representation of line segment
x(t) = p0.x + (p1.x - p0.x) * t
y(t) = p0.y + (p1.y - p0.y) * t
z(t) = p0.z + (p1.z - p0.z) * t
and substitute coordinates in plane equations like this:
(p0.x + (p1.x - p0.x) * t) - x1 = 0
Get t parameter. If it's in range 0..1, continue: put t value in
y = p0.y + (p1.y - p0.y) * t
and check that result is in range y1..y2, similar for z. If yes - segment does intersect facet1, otherwise continue with other facets.
Perhaps there are geometric libraries in Matlab providing some 3D line-clipping algorithm, in this case just use them.
What is the formula I need to use to find the second 3D point (P1) given:
The first point P0 = [x0, y0, z0]
An orientation quaternion Q0 = [q0, q1, q2, q3]
The distance traveled S
I'm guessing that the distance traveled S needs to be split up into it's constituent X, Y and Z components. Is there an easy way to do this using quaternions?
Components of direction vector (forward-vector) are:
x = 2 * (q1*q3 + q0*q2)
y = 2 * (q2*q3 - q0*q1)
z = 1 - 2 * (q1*q1 + q2*q2)
This formula is calculated from Quaternion-to-Matrix (below) with multiplication by (0,0,1) vector.
Normalize D=(x,y,z) if it is not unit, and calculate P_New.x= P0.x + S * D.x and other components.
To get up- and left- vector of orientation (perhaps your orientation refers to another base frame orientation - OX or OY as forward), use another columns of the matrix cited below:
Link:
Quaternion multiplication and orthogonal matrix multiplication can both be used to represent rotation. If a quaternion is represented by qw + i qx + j qy + k qz , then the equivalent matrix, to represent the same rotation, is:
1 - 2*qy2 - 2*qz2 2*qx*qy - 2*qz*qw 2*qx*qz + 2*qy*qw
2*qx*qy + 2*qz*qw 1 - 2*qx2 - 2*qz2 2*qy*qz - 2*qx*qw
2*qx*qz - 2*qy*qw 2*qy*qz + 2*qx*qw 1 - 2*qx2 - 2*qy2
Hi I have geometrical problem which is driving me crazy. I want to determine the location of one vertex in a "Isosceles Right Triangle" (alpha = 45°; beta = 45°; gamma = 90°).
E.g. in this illustration:
I have a,b,c,h and the location of A and B (and of cause the angle). The only thing thats missing is C in x,y terms. Can someone support me on this?
Here is code that works only for the 45°-45°-90° triangle--it would need to be modified for other triangles.
Note that all you need are the coordinates of A and B. c is then the distance between those two points, h is c/2, and both a and b are c/sqrt(2). This Python code returns a 2-tuple (Cx, Cy) giving the coordinates of C, assuming you want C to be oriented counterclockwise from the vector AB. If you want clockwise, replace the plus sign with a minus sign in the calculation that defines inclinationAC. This uses only basic trigonometry, showing each step--there are other methods, as Ed Heal says in his comment, but this should be more easily understood by most people.
from math import sqrt, hypot, pi, cos, sin, atan2
def corner_right_isoceles(Ax, Ay, Bx, By):
"""Return the coordinates of the right-angle corner of a right
isosceles triangle if the other two vertices are the points
(Ax, Ay) and (Bx, By). The returned corner is counterclockwise
from the vector AB.
"""
c = hypot(By - Ay, Bx - Ax)
b = c / sqrt(2)
inclinationAB = atan2(By - Ay, Bx - Ax)
inclinationAC = inclinationAB + pi / 4
Cx = Ax + b * cos(inclinationAC)
Cy = Ay + b * sin(inclinationAC)
return Cx, Cy
Here is another version, which is a bit simpler and with that also much more efficient to calculate. The idea is that h is exactly half of c in this triangle:
dx = Bx - Ax
dy = By - Ay
Cx = Ax + 0.5 * (dx - dy)
Cy = Ay + 0.5 * (dy + dx)
Hello again first part is working like a charm, thank you everyone.
But I've another question...
As I've no interface, is there a way to do the same thing with out not knowing the radius of the circle?
Should have refresh the page CodeMonkey solution is exactly what I was looking for...
Thank you again.
============================
First I'm not a developer, I'm a simple woodworker that left school far too early...
I'm trying to make one of my tool to work with an autonomous robot.
I made them communicate by reading a lot of tutorials.
But I have one problem I cant figure out.
Robot expect position of the tool as (X,Y) but tool's output is (A,B,C)
A is the distance from tool to north
B distance to east
C distance at 120 degree clockwise from east axe
the border is a circle, radius may change, and may or may not be something I know.
I've been on that for 1 month, and I can't find a way to transform those value into the position.
I made a test with 3 nails on a circle I draw on wood, and if I have the distance there is only one position possible, so I guess its possible.
But how?
Also, if someone as an answer I'd love pseudo code not code so I can practice.
If there is a tool to make a drawing I can use to make it clearer can you point it out to me?
Thank you.
hope it helps :
X, Y are coordinate from center, Da,Db, Dc are known.
Trying to make it more clear (sorry its so clear in my head).
X,Y are the coordinate of the point where is the tool (P).
Center is at 0,0
A is the point where vertical line cut the circle from P, with Da distance P to A;
B is the point where horizontal line cuts the circle fom P, with Db distance P to B.
C is the point where the line at 120 clockwise from horizontal cuts the circle from P, with Dc distance P to C.
Output from tool is an array of int (unit mm): A=123, B=114, C=89
Those are the only informations I have
thanks for all the ideas I'll try them at home later,
Hope it works :)
Basic geometry. I decided to give up having the circle at the origin. We don't know the center of the circle yet. What you do have, is three points on that circle. Let's try having the tool's position, given as P, as the new (0,0). This thus resolves to finding a circle given three points: (0, Da); (Db,0), and back off at 120° at Dc distance.
Pseudocode:
Calculate a line from A to B: we'll call it AB. Find AB's halfway point. Calculate a line perpendicular to AB, through that midpoint (e.g. the cross product of AB and a unit Z axis finds the perpendicular vector).
Calculate a line from B to C (or C to A works just as well): we'll call it BC. Find BC's halfway point. Calculate a line perpendicular to BC, through that midpoint.
Calculate where these two lines cross. This will be the origin of your circle.
Since P is at (0,0), the negative of your circle's origin will be your tool's coordinates relative to the circle's origin. You should be able to calculate anything you need relative to that, now.
Midpoint between two points: X=(X1+X2)/2. Y=(Y1+Y2)/2.
The circle's radius can be calculated using, e.g. point A and the circle's origin: R=sqrt(sqr((Ax-CirX)+sqr(Ay-CirY))
Distance from the edge: circle's radius - tool's distance from the circle's center via Pythagorean Theorem again.
Assume you know X and Y. R is the radius of the circle.
|(X, Y + Da)| = R
|(X + Db, Y)| = R
|(X - cos(pi/3) * Dc, Y - cos(pi/6) * Dc)| = R
Assuming we don't know the radius R. We can still say
|(X, Y + Da)|^2 = |(X + Db, Y)|^2
=> X^2 + (Y+Da)^2 = (X+Db)^2 + Y^2
=> 2YDa + Da^2 = 2XDb + Db^2 (I)
and denoting cos(pi/3)*Dc as c1 and cos(pi/6)*Dc as c2:
|(X, Y + Da)|^2 = |(X - c1, Y - c2)|^2
=> X^2 + Y^2 + 2YDa + Da^2 = X^2 - 2Xc1 + c1^2 + Y^2 - 2Yc2 + c2^2
=> 2YDa + Da^2 = - 2Xc1 + c1^2 - 2Yc2 + c2^2
=> Y = (-2Xc1 + c1^2 + c2^2 - Da^2) / 2(c2+Da) (II)
Putting (II) back in the equation (I) we get:
=> (-2Xc1 + c1^2 + c2^2 - Da^2) Da / (c2+Da) + Da^2 = 2XDb + Db^2
=> (-2Xc1 + c1^2 + c2^2 - Da^2) Da + Da^2 * (c2+Da) = 2XDb(c2+Da) + Db^2 * (c2+Da)
=> (-2Xc1 + c1^2 + c2^2) Da + Da^2 * c2 = 2XDb(c2+Da) + Db^2 * (c2+Da)
=> X = ((c1^2 + c2^2) Da + Da^2 * c2 - Db^2 * (c2+Da)) / (2Dbc2 + 2Db*Da + 2Dac1) (III)
Knowing X you can get Y by calculating (II).
You can also make some simplifications, e.g. c1^2 + c2^2 = Dc^2
Putting this into Python (almost Pseudocode):
import math
def GetXYR(Da, Db, Dc):
c1 = math.cos(math.pi/3) * Dc
c2 = math.cos(math.pi/6) * Dc
X = ((c1**2 + c2**2) * Da + Da**2 * c2 - Db * Db * (c2 + Da)) / (2 * Db * c2 + 2 * Db * Da + 2 * Da * c1)
Y = (-2*X*c1 + c1**2 + c2**2 - Da**2) / (2*(c2+Da))
R = math.sqrt(X**2 + (Y+Da)**2)
R2 = math.sqrt(Y**2 + (X+Db)**2)
R3 = math.sqrt((X - math.cos(math.pi/3) * Dc)**2 + (Y - math.cos(math.pi/6) * Dc)**2)
return (X, Y, R, R2, R3)
(X, Y, R, R2, R3) = GetXYR(123.0, 114.0, 89.0)
print((X, Y, R, R2, R3))
I get the result (X, Y, R, R2, R3) = (-8.129166703588021, -16.205081335032794, 107.1038654949096, 107.10386549490958, 107.1038654949096)
Which seems reasonable if both Da and Db are longer than Dc, then both coordinates are probably negative.
I calculated the Radius from three equations to cross check whether my calculation makes sense. It seems to fulfill all three equations we set up in the beginning.
Your problem is know a "circumscribed circle". You have a triangle define by 3 distances at given angles from your robot position, then you can construct the circumscribed circle from these three points (see Circumscribed circle from Wikipedia - section "Other properties"). So you know the diameter (if needed).
It is also known that the meeting point of perpendicular bisector of triangle sides is the center of the circumscribed circle.
Let's a=Da, b=Db. The we can write a system for points A and B at the circumference:
(x+b)^2 + y^2 = r^2
(y+a)^2 + x^2 = r^2
After transformations we have quadratic equation
y^2 * (4*b^2+4*a^2) + y * (4*a^3+4*a*b^2) + b^4-4*b^2*r^2+a^4+2*a^2*b^2 = 0
or
AA * y^2 + BB * y + CC = 0
where coefficients are
AA = (4*b^2+4*a^2)
BB = (4*a^3+4*a*b^2)
CC = b^4-4*b^2*r^2+a^4+2*a^2*b^2
So calculate AA, BB, CC coefficients, find solutions y1,y2 of quadratic eqiation, then get corresponding x1, x2 values using
x = (a^2 - b^2 + 2 * a * y) / (2 * b)
and choose real solution pair (where coordinate is inside the circle)
Quick checking:
a=1,b=1,r=1 gives coordinates 0,0, as expected (and false 1,-1 outside the circle)
a=3,b=4,r=5 gives coordinates (rough) 0.65, 1.96 at the picture, distances are about 3 and 4.
Delphi code (does not check all possible errors) outputs x: 0.5981 y: 1.9641
var
a, b, r, a2, b2: Double;
aa, bb, cc, dis, y1, y2, x1, x2: Double;
begin
a := 3;
b := 4;
r := 5;
a2 := a * a;
b2:= b * b;
aa := 4 * (b2 + a2);
bb := 4 * a * (a2 + b2);
cc := b2 * b2 - 4 * b2 * r * r + a2 * a2 + 2 * a2 * b2;
dis := bb * bb - 4 * aa * cc;
if Dis < 0 then begin
ShowMessage('no solutions');
Exit;
end;
y1 := (- bb - Sqrt(Dis)) / (2 * aa);
y2 := (- bb + Sqrt(Dis)) / (2 * aa);
x1 := (a2 - b2 + 2 * a * y1) / (2 * b);
x2 := (a2 - b2 + 2 * a * y2) / (2 * b);
if x1 * x1 + y1 * y1 <= r * r then
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('x: %6.4f y: %6.4f', [x1, y1]))
else
if x2 * x2 + y2 * y2 <= r * r then
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('x: %6.4f y: %6.4f', [x2, y2]));
From your diagram you have point P that you need it's X & Y coordinate. So we need to find Px and Py or (Px,Py). We know that Ax = Px and By = Py. We can use these for substitution if needed. We know that C & P create a line and all lines have slope in the form of y = mx + b. Where the slope is m and the y intercept is b. We don't know m or b at this point but they can be found. We know that the angle of between two vectors where the vectors are CP and PB gives an angle of 120°, but this does not put the angle in standard position since this is a CW rotation. When working with circles and trig functions along with linear equations of slope within them it is best to work in standard form. So if this line of y = mx + b where the points C & P belong to it the angle above the horizontal line that is parallel to the horizontal axis that is made by the points P & B will be 180° - 120° = 60° We also know that the cos angle between two vectors is also equal to the dot product of those vectors divided by the product of their magnitudes.
We don't have exact numbers yet but we can construct a formula: Since theta = 60° above the horizontal in the standard position we know that the slope m is also the tangent of that angle; so the slope of this line is tan(60°). So let's go back to our linear equation y = tan(60°)x + b. Since b is the y intercept we need to find what x is when y is equal to 0. Since we still have three undefined variables y, x, and b we can use the points on this line to help us here. We know that the points C & P are on this line. So this vector of y = tan(60°)x + b is constructed from (Px, Py) - (Cx, Cy). The vector is then (Px-Cx, Py-Cy) that has an angle of 60° above the horizontal that is parallel to the horizontal axis. We need to use another form of the linear equation that involves the points and the slope this time which happens to be y - y1 = m(x - x1) so this then becomes y - Py = tan(60°)(x - Px) well I did say earlier that we could substitute so let's go ahead and do that: y - By = tan(60°)(x - Ax) then y - By = tan(60°)x - tan(60°)Ax. And this becomes known if you know the actual coordinate points of A & B. The only thing here is that you have to convert your angle of 120° to standard form. It all depends on what your known and unknowns are. So if you need P and you have both A & B are known from your diagram the work is easy because the points you need for P will be P(Ax,By). And since you already said that you know Da, Db & Dc with their lengths then its just a matter of apply the correct trig functions with the proper angle and or using the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of another leg of the triangle. It shouldn't be all that hard to find what P(x,y) is from the other points. You can use the trig functions, linear equations, the Pythagorean theorem, vector calculations etc. If you can find the equation of the line that points C & P knowing that P has A's x value and has B's y value and having the slope of that line that is defined by the tangent above the horizontal which is 180° - phi where phi is the angle you are giving that is CW rotation and theta would be the angle in standard position or above the horizontal you have a general form of y - By = tan(180° - phi)(x - Ax) and from this equation you can find any point on that line.
There are other methods such as using the existing points and the vectors that they create between each other and then generate an equilateral triangle using those points and then from that equilateral if you can generate one, you can use the perpendicular bisectors of that triangle to find the centroid of that triangle. That is another method that can be done. The only thing you may have to consider is the linear translation of the line from the origin. Thus you will have a shift in the line of (Ax - origin, By - origin) and to find one set the other to 0 and vise versa. There are many different methods to find it.
I just showed you several mathematical techniques that can help you to find a general equation based on your known(s) and unknown(s). It just a matter of recognizing which equations work in which scenario. Once you recognize the correct equations for the givens; the rest is fairly easy. I hope this helps you.
EDIT
I did forget to mention one thing; and that is the line of CP has a point on the edge of the circle defined by (cos(60°), sin(60°)) in the 1st quadrant. In the third quadrant you will have a point on this line and the circle defined by (-cos(60°), -sin(60°)) provided that this line goes through the origin (0,0) where there is no y nor x intercepts and if this is the case then the point on the circle at either end and the origin will be the radius of that circle.
I am using XY coordinate of drawing to draw object using Ink. Now I have one requirement. I have one Object, which is slope of 30 degree and I need to write some text for e.g. 'ABC' on the slope. What I have is XY coordiate and Angle and I want to find the Z from this information. Could you please suggest me some proper way to find the Z from the given information?
While Marking on the slope I need to down the Z axis to remain focus on Slope and for the same I will need value of Z at every point. As of now I have XY coordinate and Angle and I wanted to find the Z coordinate.
Looking forward to hear the experts suggestion/direction.
So, I guess it looks somewhat like this:
/|
/ |
x / |
/ | z
/ |
/ |
/γ)____|
y
You might want to use this:
z = sqrt(x² + y² - 2 * x * y * cos(γ))
... or this (at any offset s):
z = ((y - s) / sin(90 - γ) * sin(γ)
UPDATE:
So, let's say point P1 is the start of your triangle (bottom left corner) and point P2 is any point on the slope:
/
P2 .< P2.y
/|
/ |
/ |
/ |
.γ)__|___
P1 ^
P2.x
P2.x goes from P1.x to P1.x + <the width of your triangle>. Now, the only thing you need is coordinate y of P2. And (knowing the slope/angle γ) you can get it with the formula from above:
P2.y = ((P2.x - P1.x) / sin(90 - γ) * sin(γ) + P1.y