CSS :first-child to work with classes - css

Say i have this markup:
<div class='current'>
</div>
<div class='current'>
</div>
<div class='current'>
</div>
<div class='current'>
</div>
<div class='current'>
</div>
Now these divs are not necessarily next to each other in the markup, but could be spread throughout the page.
Can i target only the first occurrence of class "current" using CSS only, i'd ideally like to avoid using javascript (for now)?
Ie.
.current:first-child {
background: red;
}

I believe you're looking for something like this:
.current:nth-child(1){
background:red;
}
Should do the trick!

:first-child targets elements that are first children, not first occurrence of a given class. So this will target all elements with current class, that are first children. It can be all of them if they are in different places on a page or none at all.
It sounds like you may be looking for css3 selector first-of-type

As mentioned in these two answers (along with this new one), CSS3 doesn't bake in a pseudo-class that selects the first element of its class (unlike :first-of-type which selects by type).
You can always use :first-child if .current is guaranteed to be the first child of .group:
.group .current:first-child {
background: red;
}
But if it's not guaranteed to be, then based on your comments and the answer link, since they all share the same parent you can do this instead:
.group .current {
background: red;
}
.group .current ~ .current {
background: transparent; /* Or whatever your default is */
}
The general sibling combinator ~ ignores other elements that may not be .current. All these rules work in IE7+.

If they are spread throughout the page, you can not get what you need with pure CSS solution. Even with first-of-type unless the elements are on the same DOM level. Check the example to see that you can not select the elements.
On the other hand once I move the third .current to the same DOM level where I already have the second one, I get only the second item selected, as it's the first .current on this level.
On the other hand it's a very short one-liner in JS
Don't overcomplicate things ;)

If it's spread throughout the page, you can't target it with css.

Related

Have specific CSS if a class is after another element with a particular ID

I have this scenario:
<div id="parent">
<div id="a"></div>
<li class="b"></li>
</div>
In my case, I want to add margin-top: 5px; to class b only if it is after id a. Note that these are not children, but within the same element.
I would like an approach using pure CSS or CSS3 and without the need to use LESS or SASS. I know that this might be possible using JavaScript or jQuery as well, was just wondering if it can be done in CSS and how.
You can use the adjacent sibling selector. Following will select all elements with class .b that follow element with id #a:
#a + .b {
margin-top: 5px;
}
Adjacent sibling selector is part of the CSS 2.1 spec and is supported in IE7+
Read more about CSS child and sibling selectors in here: http://css-tricks.com/child-and-sibling-selectors/
Demo: http://jsfiddle.net/76qJm/3/
If you want to target many elements with class b, then you need to use ~ selector. The selector + will find the next immediate element only. Update your CSS like below.
#a ~ .b {
margin-top: 5px;
}

CSS selectors apply style to all images except the first one

I thought I could do this with advanced CSS selectors, but struggling.
I have a JS Fiddle here with the below example
Basically, how can I target every image here, except the first one? I don't want to use classes or IDs, I just want to use advanced selectors, if possible.
So something like .entry-content img:first-child (although I know that wouldn't work)
<div class='entry-content'>
<div>
<img src='http://placedog.com/400/300'/>
</div>
<div>
<img src='http://placedog.com/400/300'/>
</div>
<div>
<img src='http://placedog.com/400/300'/>
</div>
</div>
If you want to select all img tags except first one use :not subclass:
.entry-content div:not(:first-child) img
Working example:
http://jsfiddle.net/GrAaA/
Browser support:
:not http://caniuse.com/#search=%3Anot
:first-child http://caniuse.com/#search=%3Afirst-child
You'll need to exclude the image in the first div child, rather than just the first img child, as every img is the first and only child of its div while the div elements themselves are siblings.
To do that, you can use this selector:
.entry-content div + div img
This selects the image in every div that comes directly after another div, so your first one won't be matched.
If you have siblings other than div within .entry-content you may need to use the general sibling selector instead:
.entry-content div ~ div img
apply a style to all the images. then apply a style to the first child that negates the other styles. make sure the style for the first child is after the styles for the other images in your stylesheet so that they are applied by the browser in the correct order.
This should help
.entry-content div:first-child img {
border: none;
}​

What is this CSS selector? [class*="span"]

I saw this selector in Twitter Bootstrap:
.show-grid [class*="span"] {
background-color: #eee;
text-align: center;
border-radius: 3px;
min-height: 30px;
line-height: 30px;
}
Does anyone know what this technique is called and what it does?
It's an attribute wildcard selector. In the sample you've given, it looks for any child element under .show-grid that has a class that CONTAINS span.
So would select the <strong> element in this example:
<div class="show-grid">
<strong class="span6">Blah blah</strong>
</div>
You can also do searches for 'begins with...'
div[class^="something"] { }
which would work on something like this:-
<div class="something-else-class"></div>
and 'ends with...'
div[class$="something"] { }
which would work on
<div class="you-are-something"></div>
Good references
CSS3 Attribute Selectors: Substring Matching
The 30 CSS Selectors you Must Memorize
W3C CSS3 Selectors
.show-grid [class*="span"]
It's a CSS selector that selects all elements with the class show-grid that has a child element whose class contains the name span.
The Following:
.show-grid [class*="span"] {
means that all child elements of '.show-grid' with a class that CONTAINS the word 'span' in it will acquire those CSS properties.
<div class="show-grid">
<div class="span">.span</div>
<div class="span6">span6</div>
<div class="attention-span">attention</div>
<div class="spanish">spanish</div>
<div class="mariospan">mariospan</div>
<div class="espanol">espanol</div>
<div>
<div class="span">.span</div>
</div>
<p class="span">span</p>
<span class="span">I do GET HIT</span>
<span>I DO NOT GET HIT since I need a class of 'span'</span>
</div>
<div class="span">I DO NOT GET HIT since I'm outside of .show-grid</span>
All of the elements get hit except for the <span> by itself.
In Regards to Bootstrap:
span6 : this was Bootstrap 2's scaffolding technique which divided a section into a horizontal grid, based on parts of 12. Thus span6 would have a width of 50%.
In the current day implementation of Bootstrap (v.3 and v.4), you now use the .col-* classes (e.g. col-sm-6), which also specifies a media breakpoint to handle responsiveness when the window shrinks below a certain size. Check Bootstrap 4.1 and Bootstrap 3.3.7 for more documentation. I would recommend going with a later Bootstrap nowadays
It selects all elements where the class name contains the string "span" somewhere. There's also ^= for the beginning of a string, and $= for the end of a string. Here's a good reference for some CSS selectors.
I'm only familiar with the bootstrap classes spanX where X is an integer, but if there were other selectors that ended in span, it would also fall under these rules.
It just helps to apply blanket CSS rules.
In my case I'm unable to apply background color for class due to dynamic change of class name with numbers
Ex:
Issue:
body .ForwardRef-root-198 .aura-ag-grid .ag-row:hover, body .ForwardRef-root-198 .ag-details-grid .ag-row:hover {
background-color: #2196f35c !important;
}
Solution:
body div[class*="ForwardRef-root-"] .aura-ag-grid .ag-row:hover, body div[class*="ForwardRef-root-"] .ag-details-grid .ag-row:hover {
background-color: #2196f35c !important;
}
Reference: link

Why is html>body used?

I came across html>body in one of the stylesheets and wanted to know as to why it is used.
html>body {
font-size: 16px;
font-size: 78.75%;
}
It's called a Child Selector.
The reason it's being used is likely because it's a hack to exclude IE6 and below. Those browsers don't understand the > selector.
More Information
the '>' means that it is referencing on child elements of the parent (in this case 'html')
so for example I could have an arrangement of divs that look like so
<div id="outermost">
<div class="inner">
<div class="inner">
</div>
</div>
</div>
and i wrote some css like so
#outermost>.inner { background-color: #CCC; }
it would only apply the rules to the first level '#inner'
Obviously there is only one body tag however it used to be a hack to exclude ie6 and below to write different rules for ie7+ ;)
Child selector, more info here: http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/selector.html#child-selectors
So in your code it would be any body child of html
'> symbol indicates child of
Above code means
The style applies to all the tag body which is a child of html
#sample>div
above applies to all divs which are children of the element with id sample

CSS First-child bug? or intended behavior?

I have the following set up
.test div:first-child {};
<div class="test" id="one">
<div id="two">
<div id="three">
</div>
</div>
</div>
Somehow div#three inherits the first-child styles, even though it is not the first-child of div.test. Is this intentional by the browsers? Can someone explain this?
While #two is the first child of #one but #three isn't, #three is still the first child of #two. So both inner divs get the styles.
The descendant combinator (the space character) in your selector tells the browser to select any div in any level of nesting from .test, as long as it's contained somewhere within an element with that class. The :first-child pseudo-class says to only select an element if it's the first child of its parent, whatever that parent may be, not just the element represented on the left side of the combinator.
If you only want to target the first child of .test, use the child combinator >:
.test > div:first-child {}
Because > expresses a parent-child relationship, it is safe to imply that the parent concerned by div:first-child is represented by .test.
This is the intended behaviour. You need to write your CSS rule like this:
.test > div:first-child
The > ensures only the first child of the .test element is selected. Without it, any div that is the first child of any node within .test is selected.

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