In Flex 3, MX effects could be triggered like this:
<mx:Resize id="myEffect" />
<mx:Button mouseDownEffect="{myEffect}" />
In Flex 4, Spark effects are triggered like this:
protected function onClick(event:MouseEvent):void {
resizeEffect.end();
resizeEffect.play();
}
...
<s:Resize id="resize" />
...
<s:Button click="onClick(event)" />
What was the reason to use this less declarative and longer approach? I couldn't find the answer anywhere in the docs.
(Two things to note:
There might be small differences between mouseDown trigger and the click event, please ignore that, it's just an example.
I'm not sure whether triggers would or would not work reliably for Spark effects. Maybe they would but I guess there is a reason why this possibility is not even mentioned in the official docs.
)
Effect triggers are not officially supported in spark in the current release. You can track the progress of this feature here: http://bugs.adobe.com/jira/browse/SDK-19743
I'll add that the Flex 4 button still has effect triggers documented in the ASDocs, including a mouseDownEffect. Are you sure they don't work?
That said, behind the scenes, in the component's code, effect triggers work the same way as your second sample. Some code somewhere to get the effect, if it exists, and manually deal with the effect's playback.
Since Spark has a half baked component set, it is possibly such things were not implemented yet. It is also possible that the effect is not being passed to your button skin class which, I suspect, should probably be dealing with such visual changes.
Perhaps you should provide us with some runnable samples?
Related
I'm trying to better understand the fundamentals of A-Frame.
I understand how to use the getAttribute() and setAttribute() methods for
accessing component data. However I don't understand why we use them instead of just accessing the components attributes using dot notation.
A lot of people use something like:
document.querySelector("#myText").getAttribute('text').value
Why not use:
document.querySelector("#myText").components['text'].data.value
Is there something wrong with using that second way? What are the pitfalls? In my experiments I have experienced both ways returning "undefined" due to the code running before the scene is finished loading, but I have learned how to avoid that using the "loaded" event.
As you can see at this glitch example (https://glitch.com/~text-hierarchy) I've successfully printed data to the console using both ways.
Part of the standard
Both getAttribute(prop) and setAttribute(prop, value) are used to get/set attributes of any other DOM elements. MDN links here (get, set)
Compatible with aframe components
If you have a update() function in your a-frame component, setAttribute() calls it, notyfing, that a property of a component has changed.
It's not mandatory, it's even faster to modify some properties directly, but it has risks, like undefined behavior if a developer uses update() to monitor changes.
Xamarin.Forms seems to be offering an alternative approach called "behaviors" to subclassing controls. Why was this ever required in the first place? What is the advantage and when should we use it instead of subclassing?
One possible reason I am thimking might be that subclassed controls cannot use the styles targeted for their parent controls. But I don't understand the reason of that restriction either.
You can check Xamaron.Forms Behavior documentation, https://developer.xamarin.com/guides/xamarin-forms/behaviors/
Note: I am not exactly sure, I understand what you mean here.
One possible reason I am thinking might be that subclassed controls cannot use the styles targeted for their parent controls. But I don't understand the reason of that restriction either.
But, I will try to provide an answer to questions mentioned in this paragraph.
Xamarin.Forms seems to be offering an alternative approach called "behaviors" to subclassing controls. Why was this ever required in the first place? What is the advantage and when should we use it instead of subclassing?
As mentioned in the documentation, behaviors allow you to extend functionalities for controls without having to derive them. I guess it would make more sense to implement a behavior, rather then subclass a control, in following cases:
If functionality can be shared across multiple control types
Simplest example would be implementing max-length/regex/min-length validation for controls that support input such as Entry, Editor etc.
<Entry>
<Entry.Behaviors>
<local:TextBehaviour MaxLength="25" MinLength="2" RegexPattern="[ae]" />
</Entry.Behaviors>
</Entry>
<Editor>
<Editor.Behaviors>
<local:TextBehaviour MaxLength="250" MinLength="2" />
</Editor.Behaviors>
</Editor>
If functionality needs to be extended for controls used in an existing code-base
For example, we can extend, and attach behaviors to various controls using implicit styles and attached properties without having to update each control usage in code.
<Style TargetType="Label">
<Setter Property="local:ShadowEffect.HasShadow" Value="True" />
</Style>
<Style TargetType="Entry">
<Setter Property="local:Validation.MaxLength" Value="35" />
</Style>
<Style TargetType="Editor">
<Setter Property="local:Validation.MaxLength" Value="250" />
</Style>
These are the scenarios I can think of at this point. I will add more, if I come across any more.
It's a concept coming from WPF, you can read more about it on this great tutorial page.
The ideas behind behaviors are to give the interaction designer more flexibility to design complex user interactions without writing any code.
Example of a behaviors are drag&drop, input validation, pan and zoom,
re-position of elements, etc... The list of possible behaviors is very
long.
Imaging an application that has a list of customers and the user can
add some of them to subscriber lists. This interaction can be designed
by providing an "Add" button next to each subscriber list. But if the
interaction designer wants to add drag&drop functionality, he needs to
discuss it with the developer and wait until the implementation is
done. With behaviors he just drags a drag and drop behavior on each
list and we are done.
So in a company, it allows a better workflow between designers and developers.
Another reason, in addition to the already mentioned, could be the possibility of switching behaviours during runtime.
Flex 3.5 has this bug where in IE (and some others) where if you push the backspace key in some text boxes, the browser acts like you just pushed its back button. According to the bug report this is "resolved" because it works in 4.0. But I need a workaround for 3.5. Is there one?
In my case, it seems that this has nothing to do w/the <mx:TextInput /> or whatever other people were saying it is. This was all because I was using the <mx:TabNavigator />. In any case, getting rid of that tag and replacing it w/a combination of <mx:TabBar /> and <mx:ViewStack /> eliminated the problem for me under IE.
Unfortunately, this was a very large undertaking for me, because even though I had only half a dozen <mx:TabNavigator />s to fix, the order in which events are thrown is different, so component construction resulted in a lot of components not being created when first accessing tabs and stuff. I found I had to use <mx:TabBar />'s itemClick event for some things, and then <mx:ViewStack />'s change for others.
I have been using Flex / Flash Builder for a number of years. The latest release of Flash Builder (4.7) seems to come with quite a few problems, the biggest of those being:
Does not detect component IDs in MXML. For example, you cannot Find Usages of the ID of a component. Keeping the cursor on the ID of a component does not even mark occurrences of the ID. Instead, it marks occurrences of the actual id words in the MXML.
Extremely slow.
I am seriously evaluating moving over to IntelliJ IDEA 12, especially after reading many experienced Flex devs raving about it and recommending it.
I tried it. It took me a while to get to terms with the new terminologies of the IDE (made easy by this doc and very helpful support personnel at JetBrains).
I was able to setup my (large) projects in IDEA with Adobe Flex 4.6 SDK and got it to compile fine. But I noticed many "errors" highlighted in my AS files which are all actually false alarms.
The ActionScript editor doesn't seem to recognise the objects defined in MXML. Apparently, this is a known bug in IDEA (tracked here). And this bug has existed for more than 2 years!
Quoting the JetBrains support personnel:
I must admit that highlighting of ActionScript files which do not contain classes, but instead included in mxml as <fx:Script source="some_file.as"/> is probably the only weak part of IntelliJ IDEA code highlighting. False error highlighting will go away if you embed AS code inside CDATA of <fx:Script/> instead of referencing as external *.as file. Though I understand that this is not always desired.
I'm afraid the fix won't go into 12 release because the release is very soon and the fix is too risky. Priority of the issue depends on votes and user feedback. So far we have only 2 votes (http://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/IDEA-52598) and as the fix is pretty complex we still haven't implemented it thinking that this is a rare use case. I hope to fix it in one of 12.x update releases.
My project is a huge one, with huge MXML files and even more huge AS code for each MXML. So, for organisation purposes, I need to logically split them into smaller files. So, merging the AS code with the MXML is not practical. The false error highlighting just drastically reduces the readability of the code. Also, it does not allow Control / Command-clicking component IDs in AS code to quickly navigate to the definition of the component in MXML (which, incidentally, is now broken in FB 4.7 as well, but worked well in FB 4.6).
This bug in IDEA is unfortunately a deal-breaker for me. But I am wondering how other Flex devs are able to overcome / work around this seemingly critical bug.
It seems unbelievable to me that just 2 people have been affected by this bug, especially with so many Flex devs recommending IDEA. Maybe I am doing something wrong?
All you Flex developers, I would appreciate your thoughts.
UPDATE
This is in response to RIAStar's excellent and detailed answer. But it doesn't quite help me completely. Let me explain why and how I use <fx:Script source>. I am using Flex 4.x, with almost only Spark components.
Suppose a brand new Flex project. The main application is an MXML file.
In this MXML file, suppose I have a signup form.
On editing the form (in each field), suppose I have to run validations and enable the Submit button only if the form is completely valid. This would mean I need to assign change event handlers to the form items. The event handlers is AS code.
Suppose there is a username field which needs an on-type uniqueness check, by calling the server asynchronously. The server communication code is also AS code.
And then of course, there is the Submit button handler, which is also AS code.
I usually put all the AS code in separate .as files and include it in the MXML using <fx:Script source>. This AS code is usually quite heavy, with a lot of functional and behavioural logic. Many times, based on user action, even the components in the MXML and layout of the elements is modified through this AS code.
If I understand you guys right, none of this event handler code should be in these MXML script files. So, where should it be? How do you guys do it? I am not sure how the Spark Skinning architecture has anything to do with this.
Since I can't think of a gentle way of putting this, I'll just be blunt: I'm afraid the reason only two people think this is a critical bug, is that most seasoned Flex developers will agree that using <fx:Script source="some_file.as"/> is bad practice.
You effectively create two files that represent one class. From a readablity POV, which you seem concerned about, that's not a good move. One of these files (the .as file) is just a bunch of functions that cannot exist in their own right: they are tightly coupled to another file/class, but just looking at the .as file there is no way of knowing which class it is coupled to. Of course you can use some kind of naming convention to work around this, but in the end ActionScript/Flex is supposed te be used as a statically typed language, not a scripting language relying on mixins and naming conventions (don't get me wrong: I'm not saying scripting languages are bad practice; it's just not how ActionScript was conceived).
So what are your alternatives?
I suppose the main reason behind this construct is that you wish to separate MXML from ActionScript code, or in more abstract terms: separate the view from the logic. Fortunately this can be achieved in a few other, cleaner ways. Which solutions are available to you depends whether we're talking Flex 3 (or earlier) or Flex 4.
I realise that you may not have time to refactor your code to one of the proposed solutions, but I didn't want to leave you with just a "that's not good practice" answer.
Flex 3 (mx)
Code behind: A lot of developers used the so-called "code behind" pattern to separate their logic from their view. You can find plenty of information on the topic by Googling "flex code behind". I don't need to repeat all that in here. I'm not much of a fan of the concept because it relies heavily on inheritance and the two resulting classes are still pretty tightly coupled, but at least we're talking two classes. If you design your architecture well, you may even be able to reuse some of your base classes.
Compose model en controller: I used to create a separate "presentation model" class and a "controller" class for each MXML view and then use it something like this:
<!--MyView.mxml-->
<mx:VBox>
<m:MyModel id="model"/>
<c:MyController model="{model}" view="{this}"/>
...
</mx:VBox>
MVC purists won't like this, but it worked pretty well for me in thencontext of Flex applications.
Later when Direct Injection supporting frameworks (like Parsley) made their appearance, I could use injection to wire all those classes instead of hard-wiring them like in this example.
MVC frameworks: My knowledge of this topic is sparse (because in my opinion Flex is a very decent MVC framework that requires no third-party additions, but that's another disussion), but in short: they can help you separate logic from view in a clean way.
Flex 4 (Spark)
With Flex 4, the Spark skinning architecture was introduced, which allows for very nicely separated view and logic. You create a so-called 'host component' class in plain ActionScript, which contains all of the behavioural code, and a 'skin' class in MXML which defines the visual representation of the component. This makes designing reusable components very easy.
As per your request, here's a simplified example of how you might use Spark skinning to create your signup form.
Let's start with the skin class since it's easy to understand. It's just a form with some input fields. The HostComponent metadata tells the skin it's supposed to work together with the SignUp host component.
<!--SignUpSkin.mxml: the visual representation-->
<s:Skin xmlns:fx="http://ns.adobe.com/mxml/2009"
xmlns:s="library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark">
<fx:Metadata>
[HostComponent("net.riastar.view.SignUp")]
</fx:Metadata>
<s:Form>
<s:FormHeading label="Sign up"/>
<s:FormItem label="User name">
<s:TextInput id="userInput"/>
</s:FormItem>
<s:FormItem label="Password">
<s:TextInput id="passwordInput" displayAsPassword="true"/>
</s:FormItem>
<s:Button id="submitButton" label="Submit"
enabled="{hostComponent.canSave}"/>
</s:Form>
</s:Skin>
And now the host component in pure ActionScript. It has to extend SkinnableComponent to be able to use our skin (there's also SkinnableContainerwhich I've just recently explained in this question: Flex mxml custom component - how to add uicomponents?, but we won't be needing that here).
public class SignUp extends SkinnableComponent {
[SkinPart(required="true")]
public var userInput:SkinnableTextBase;
[SkinPart(required="true")]
public var passwordInput:SkinnableTextBase;
[SkinPart(required="true")]
public var submitButton:IEventDispatcher;
[Bindable]
public var canSave:Boolean;
override protected function partAdded(partName:String, instance:Object):void {
super.partAdded(partName, instance);
switch (instance) {
case userInput:
userInput.addEventListener(TextOperationEvent.CHANGE,
handleUserInputChange);
break;
case passwordInput:
passwordInput.addEventListener(TextOperationEvent.CHANGE,
handlePasswordInputChange);
break;
case submitButton:
submitButton.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK,
handleSubmitButtonClick);
}
}
private function handleUserInputChange(event:TextOperationEvent):void {
validateUsername(userInput.text);
}
...
}
What's important here?
The variables marked as SkinPart will automatically be assigned the components with the same id that exist in the Skin you just created. For instance <s:TextInput id="userInput"/> will be injected into public var userInput:SkinnableTextBase;. Note that the type is different: SkinnableTextBase is the base class of TextInput; this allows us to create another skin with e.g. a TextArea instead of a TextInput and it'll work without touching the host component.
partAdded() is called whenever a SkinPart is added to the display list, so that's where we hook up our event listeners. In this example we're validating the username whenever its value changes.
When the validation is done, you can simply set the canSave property to true or false. The binding in the skin on this property will automatically update the Button's enabled property.
And to use both of these classes together:
<v:SignUp skinClass="net.riastar.skin.SignUpSkin"/>
I actually have become quite fond of using RobotLegs.
In my MXML views I try to keep all logic outside of the MXML and simply dispatch events out to the mediator. From there I can put code in the mediator to the heavier AS needed.
Solution:
if you have the same problem, addElement() instead of addChild() is what did it
I'm trying to move away from mxml to actionsctipt. I have a <s:Rect> that I've created and set its properties, but having trouble adding it.
var aRect:Rect = new Rect();
//set properties like aRect.x, aRect.y, aRect.width, aRect.height
//tried adding it various ways
addChild(aRect);
Application.addChild(aRect);
Application.application.addChild(aRect);
stage.addChild(aRect);
But I keep getting the error
1067: Implicit coercion of a value of type spark.primitives:Rect to an unrelated type flash.display:DisplayObject
Originally in the mxml, it was right inside <s:Application> not nested inside anything
<s:Application>
<s:Rect id="aRect" x="10" y="10" width="15%" height="15%">
//then fill code here, removed for readability
</s:Rect>
</s:Application>
What's the deal, I thought actionscript would be nicer than mxml.
tried changing addChild(aRect); to addElement(aRect); and that worked beautifully.
It's because Flex 4 significantly changed the way the display hierarchy works in MXML-based applications. This is a bit confusing since addChild() no longer works as simply as you'd want it to - you have to add elements to a dataprovider, and then the logic of displaying those elements (which ones to add where, how to skin them, etc) is handled elsewhere. It's kind of a useful change, though, because it forces you separate your concerns in a very concrete way. Once you have your elements all added to your dataProvider you can swap out Layout objects at will (even at runtime) to change the way your application looks.
EDIT: Technically it's not the displayList itself that they've changed. It's the fact that the basic unit used by Flex is now the "Group" - even s:Application extends group. You add your content to a a Group (or to the top level Application) and then you assign the group a layout to tell it how to display the items you've added.
Yes, you need a DisplayObject. I'm not familiar with spark.primitives.Rect, but perhaps you could just create a new Sprite and call methods on its Graphics object to draw the rectangle?
According to the live docs, the addChild method of the Application class does require it to be a displayObject.
Annoyingly we will often struggle to add flash assets ( swf swc ) (display objects) using addElement.
I'm working on a way to do this right now :( more hoops and jumping
Also my swc is not viewable in the package explorer (why not ?)