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How do I vertically center text with CSS? [duplicate]
(37 answers)
Closed 3 years ago.
I am trying to centre the link with the image, but can't seem to move the content vertically in any way.
<h4>More Information</h4>
File Name
The icon is 22 x 22px
.pdf {
font-size: 12px;
}
.pdf:before {
padding:0 5px 0 0;
content: url(../img/icon/pdf_small.png);
}
.pdf:after {
content: " ( .pdf )";
font-size: 10px;
}
.pdf:hover:after {
color: #000;
}
Answered my own question after reading your advice on the vertical-align CSS attribute. Thanks for the tip!
.pdf:before {
padding: 0 5px 0 0;
content: url(../img/icon/pdf_small.png);
vertical-align: -50%;
}
You can also use tables to accomplish this, like:
.pdf {
display: table;
}
.pdf:before {
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
}
Here is an example: https://jsfiddle.net/ar9fadd0/2/
EDIT:
You can also use flex to accomplish this:
.pdf {
display: flex;
}
.pdf:before {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
Here is an example: https://jsfiddle.net/ctqk0xq1/1/
I'm no CSS expert, but what happens if you put vertical-align: middle; into your .pdf:before directive?
I think a cleaner approach is to inherit the vertical alignment:
In html:
<div class="shortcut">Download</div>
And in css:
.shortcut {
vertical-align: middle;
}
.shortcut > a:after {
vertical-align: inherit;
{
This way the icon will align properly in any resolution/font-size combination. Great for use with icon fonts.
Using flexboxes did the trick for me:
.pdf:before {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
Messing around with the line-height attribute should do the trick. I haven't tested this, so the exact value may not be right, but start with 1.5em, and tweak it in 0.1 increments until it lines up.
.pdf{ line-height:1.5em; }
This is what worked for me:
.pdf::before {
content: url('path/to/image.png');
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
height: inherit;
}
I spent a good amount of time trying to work this out today, and couldn't get things working using line-height or vertical-align. The easiest solution I was able to find was to set the <a/> to be relatively positioned so it would contain absolutes, and the :after to be positioned absolutely taking it out of the flow.
a{
position:relative;
padding-right:18px;
}
a:after{
position:absolute;
content:url(image.png);
}
The after image seemed to automatically center in that case, at least under Firefox/Chrome. Such may be a bit sloppier for browsers not supporting :after, due to the excess spacing on the <a/>.
I just found a pretty neat solution, I think. The trick is to set the line-height of image (or any content) height.
text
Using CSS:
div{
line-height: 26px; /* height of the image in #submit span:after */
}
span:after{
content: url('images/forward.png');
vertical-align: bottom;
}
That would probably also work without the span.
I had a similar problem. Here is what I did. Since the element I was trying to center vertically had height = 60px, I managed to center it vertically using:
top: calc(50% - 30px);
Related
I am trying to vertically center a header element in my nav element, and I tried to calculate the height of the <h1> using this CSS:
.navbar {
display: table;
width:90%;
height: 3em;
background-color: #7f8c8d;
border-radius: 10px;
.nav-title {
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
text-align: center;
}
.nav-dropdown {
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: middle;
text-align: center;
}
}
It worked, and I don't understand how. I was also wondering if there were any better ways to center an element vertically. TL;DR: How does this work? What are other ways to accomplish what this code accomplishes.
This works because you are setting the display to table and table-cell. Table cells natively allow for vertical centering.
Without using tables you still have lots of other options (though none of them seem to be as simple).
CSS-Tricks has a handy writeup of various centering methods.
See it as a table, you create a table cell of your .nav-title. You are able to vertically align them, that's how it works.
Are there any easy ways to center vertically? A few, but in a lot of occassions some of them don't work.
Here is one:
.element {
position: relative;
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
}
I'm switching divs from float:left to inline-block and don't know why some of the divs are displacing, like they have some invisible border or something.
Here are with float:left https://jsfiddle.net/f7op4dze/
div{
background-color: red;
width: calc(25% - 40px);
height: 50px;
float:left;
margin:0 20px;
}
And here with inline-block https://jsfiddle.net/dfdxa5hc/
div{
background-color: red;
width: calc(25% - 40px);
height: 50px;
display:inline-block;
margin:0 20px;
}
There's a space automatically added with inline elements and this space is applied to inline-block as well.
If there's no whitespace (either a space or a return) between the elements in your markup, the inline-block elements will be rendered without a space.
The easiest way to do this and still retain optimal formatting is using comment tags in between the <div> elements like so:
https://jsfiddle.net/orvn/wd0ynq98/2/
<section>
<div></div><!--
--><div></div><!--
--><div></div><!--
--><div></div>
</section>
As one possible option to fix the problem, set the font-size of the parent to 0.
section { font-size: 0; }
You can restore the font on the child elements:
div { font-size: 16px; }
Demo: https://jsfiddle.net/dfdxa5hc/3/
For an explanation and other possible solutions, see my answer here:
inline-block boxes not fitting in their container
There is (finally) a CSS only solution to this problem
section {
display: table;
word-spacing: -2em;
width: 100%;
}
div {
display: inline-block;
word-spacing: normal;
}
I have an issue with the sliding doors technique here. The heading right after the description is floating left due to the sliding doors technique, but all I want is that is stands alone in the center, above the products.
Can you help me understanding how to do it?
Here is the CSS I used for the heading:
h3.offer-title, h3#comments, h3#reply-title {
background:url(images/offer-title-bg.png) no-repeat right bottom;
color:#434343;
display:block;
float:left;
font-size: 14px;
margin-right: 6px;
padding-right:6px;
text-decoration:none;
height: 43px;
line-height: 0;
position: relative; }
h3.offer-title span, h3#comments span, h3#reply-title span {
background:url(images/offer-title-bg.png) no-repeat;
display:block;
padding-left: 20px;
height: 43px;
line-height: 43px;
padding-right: 16px;
}
Thank you.
It's floating because you set float: left in your first CSS code block. To get rid of that behaviour you need to get rid of the float.
Once the float is gone, if you want the header's background to nicely fit the text like it did before, the element needs to have display: inline-block.
But with display: inline-block and no set width on the header (you could add a width, but then it might break if you want to change the text or font size), it's not centered. To get it centered, you need a wrapper element around it which has text-align: center.
So:
Add this block:
h3.offer-title {
display: inline-block; /* this makes the bg fit the text */
float: none; /* this overrides float:left */
}
Wrap the offer-title element in another div.
Style the wrapper with
.offer-title-wrapper {
text-align: center;
}
I have a need for my links and buttons to look the same, but I've been unable to vertically align the text within an "a" tag in the same manner as the "button" tag. It is important to note that the tags need to be able to handle multiple lines of text (so line-height will not work).
a,button {
display: inline-block;
-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
vertical-align: middle;
border: 1px solid #000;
text-align: center;
}
See the jsfiddle below:
http://jsfiddle.net/bZsaw/3/
As you can see, I can get it to work with a combination of a span tag inside and setting "display:table" to the "a" and setting "display:table-cell" and "vertical-align:middle" to the span, but that doesn't work in IE7.
a,button {
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
border: 1px solid #000;
text-align: center;
}
a {
display: table;
-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
}
a span, button span {
vertical-align: middle;
text-align: center;
}
a span {
display: table-cell;
}
Looking for a simple CSS only solution.
The only reliable way to I've found align text vertically and allow wrapping of the text if it gets too long is with a 2 container approach.
The outer container should have a line height of at least double that specified for the inner container. In your case, that means the following:
a {
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
border: 1px solid #000;
text-align: center;
line-height: 150px;
display: block;
}
a span {
display:inline;
display:inline-table;
display:inline-block;
vertical-align:middle;
line-height: 20px;
*margin-top: expression(this.offsetHeight < this.parentNode.offsetHeight ? parseInt((this.parentNode.offsetHeight - this.offsetHeight) / 2) + "px" : "0");
}
Add float left on the a tag if you want everything inline. Here's the updated example with long text in the A tag too..
http://jsfiddle.net/bZsaw/13/
You can set the line height on the span to whatever you like and if it is less than half of the line height of the parent, it will center AND allow text wrapping if your text exceeds the parent container width. This works on all modern browsers as far as I know.
All answers are not updated,and all of them are basically hacks, you should use new CSS3 features, in this case flexbox
a,button {
-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
width: 150px;
height: 150px;
display:flex;/*CSS3*/
align-items:center;/*Vertical align*/
justify-content:center;/*horizontal align*/
border: 1px solid #000;
}
<span>Testing 1,2,3</span>
<button><span>Testing 1,2,3</span></button>
That should work for your problem, note that align-items and justify-content will behave the opposite if set flex-direction:vertical, default is flex-direction:row.
Feel free to use, all browsers support it caniuse.com/#search=flex
Also check out the free and excellent course flexbox.io/ he is the best teacher at this
Also check out css-grid, also new in CSS3
If your text won't be larger than the width of the box you could set the line-height equal to the height of the box.
line-height:150px;
The cleanest and most consistent way I found is this
display: grid;
place-items: center;
https://jsfiddle.net/j8bktum9/
Use line-height:150px; and display-inline:block;
I'm attempting to style heading text similar to how your default legend text appears in fieldsets; that is to say, I'd like a strikethrough-like line to come up to, but not through, the text. I can't seem to find any information on how I might accomplish this, and since on numerous other questions Google's always directed me to Stack Overflow for answers, I thought someone here may be able to give me advice.
For greater clarity. I'm attempting to get this effect on header text:
Centered Header Text
Is there any way to do this?
See: http://jsfiddle.net/thirtydot/jm4VQ/
If the text needs to wrap, this won't work. In IE7, there will be no line.
HTML:
<h2><span>Centered Header Text</span></h2>
CSS:
h2 {
text-align: center;
display: table;
width: 100%;
}
h2 > span, h2:before, h2:after {
display: table-cell;
}
h2:before, h2:after {
background: url(http://dummyimage.com/2x1/f0f/fff&text=+) repeat-x center;
width: 50%;
content: ' ';
}
h2 > span {
white-space: nowrap;
padding: 0 9px;
}
Edit:
<h2><strike> </strike>Your Text Here<strike> </strike></h2>
Here's how you can do it with a few simple tags and non-breaking spaces.
I'd use an image and call it a day, but this seemed to work for me:
CSS
fieldset {
border-right: 0px;
border-left: 0px;
border-bottom: 0px;
width: 200px;
}
legend {
margin: 0 25%;
}
HTML
<fieldset>
<legend>My Text Here</legend>
</fieldset>
That's the only way I could figure out how to do it with css. Note the width is fixed. Once again I wouldn't do this myself.
I came up with a quick, image-less solution that seems to work pretty well in IE 8+ and other browsers, whilst gracefully degrading in IE 6/7:
<h1>CSS 2.1 EXAMPLE</h1>
h1 { position: relative; text-align: center; }
h1:first-line { background-color: white; }
h1:before {
position: absolute;
z-index: -1;
content: '';
left: 0px;
right: 0px;
height: 1px;
top: 50%;
background-color: black;
}
It does come with the following limitations, though:
The text must match the overall background colour exactly, otherwise it will look weird.
If you want any kind of padding on the text, you need to use non-breaking spaces at either side of the text (see demo).
Heading text must always be on one line (works best if fixed width).
Here's a demo: http://jsfiddle.net/AndyE/3tFQJ/
With flexbox being supported by all the latest browsers out there, and it being five years since the IE8 requirement was mentioned by the author, I wanted to have some fun building a new solution using that.
A variety of examples getting more complicated:
https://jsfiddle.net/0mL79b4h/1/
https://jsfiddle.net/0mL79b4h/2/
CSS
div {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
div:before,
div:after {
border: 1px solid #000000;
border-radius: 2px;
height: 2px;
display: block;
content: "";
flex: 1;
width: 100%;
}
h1 {
text-align: center;
margin: 8px;
}
HTML
<div>
<h1>Example Text</h1>
</div>
<div>
<h1>Multi-Line<br>Example Text</h1>
</div>
Pros:
Uses flexbox!
Super simple HTML.
Left and right sides can be adjusted for asymmetry.
Zero background issues, no inheriting colors, etc.
Fluid width.
Multi-Line support.
Left/Center/Right/Custom Alignment: Just adjust the flex property separately for the before and after elements, higher numbers will dedicate more space to that side. Remove one entirely to left or right align it.
Interesting effects by playing with the border style (I actually chose a round border in this example). Set height to 0px and use border-top instead for a generic line.
Cons:
Uses flexbox. Call me lazy, but I didn't build in any backward compatibility in this example so it'll look odd on a browser that supports psuedo elements but doesn't support flexbox, although last I checked that was Chrome (Firefox, etc), which are all automatically updated anyway. Might want to use some Modernizr.
Here is what I am using on a client's site: http://jsfiddle.net/TPgE4/
Pros:
No images needed - renders instantly
Uses padding to control space on both sides of text
Text can be center aligned, or left/right aligned — just add, e.g., margin-left: 8px or margin-right: 8px on h2 span style definition to make it look good
Cons:
Requires use of additional tag such as <span>...</span> inside heading tag
Text must fit on one line for good appearance
Background color on <span> element must match surrounding background color, so if you have a non-solid background image, gradient or pattern it won't match perfectly
Kind of late to the party, but this is my solution: https://jsfiddle.net/g43pt908/
Requires no images, and doesn't depend on a background color.
HTML
<div class="hr-text">
<span>Some text</span>
</div>
CSS
.hr-text {
border-top: 1px solid #999;
text-align: center;
background-color: inherit;
}
.hr-text span {
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
height: 14px;
top: -12px;
font-size: 14px;
font-style: italic;
color: #666;
background-color: inherit;
padding: 0 10px;
}
I'm not sure if this would suit your need...
h1:before, h1:after {
content: " ------------- ";
}
This doesn't feel like a very good answer, but I'm posting it anyway.
See: http://jsfiddle.net/rFmQg/
<h2><span>Centered Header Text</span></h2>
h2 {
background: url(http://dummyimage.com/2x1/f0f/fff&text=+) repeat-x center;
text-align: center
}
h2 span {
background: #fff;
padding: 0 9px
}
I don't like it because:
You have to use an image.
This. (it only works if the backgrounds match)
body { padding-top: 100px; }
div.parent {
text-align: center;
border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
}
div.parent div {
display: inline-block;
margin-top: -0.8em;
padding: 0 0.5em;
background: #fff;
}
<body>
<div class="parent">
<div>My Text Here</div>
</div>
</body>
This is a fluid-width solution that matches your design and should be ok in IE7 (though I'll admit I didn't check). There are a couple of downsides:
You lose the fieldset/legend semantics.
You can't put a transparent background on the text.
If you don't need it to be fluid-width, onteria_'s solution is probably your best bet.