I've solved 2022 advent of code day 6, but was wondering if there was a regex way to find the first occurance of 4 non-repeating characters:
From the question:
bvwbjplbgvbhsrlpgdmjqwftvncz
bvwbjplbgvbhsrlpgdmjqwftvncz
# discard as repeating letter b
bvwbjplbgvbhsrlpgdmjqwftvncz
# match the 5th character, which signifies the end of the first four character block with no repeating characters
in R I've tried:
txt <- "bvwbjplbgvbhsrlpgdmjqwftvncz"
str_match("(.*)\1", txt)
But I'm having no luck
You can use
stringr::str_extract(txt, "(.)(?!\\1)(.)(?!\\1|\\2)(.)(?!\\1|\\2|\\3)(.)")
See the regex demo. Here, (.) captures any char into consequently numbered groups and the (?!...) negative lookaheads make sure each subsequent . does not match the already captured char(s).
See the R demo:
library(stringr)
txt <- "bvwbjplbgvbhsrlpgdmjqwftvncz"
str_extract(txt, "(.)(?!\\1)(.)(?!\\1|\\2)(.)(?!\\1|\\2|\\3)(.)")
## => [1] "vwbj"
Note that the stringr::str_match (as stringr::str_extract) takes the input as the first argument and the regex as the second argument.
Related
I'm trying to find matches where the pattern alternates between two character groups, D\E and R\K\H.
The pattern I've come up with (through reading other posts on here) is
(([DE](?=[RKH])*)|(([RKH])(?=[DE])*))+
Using this pattern with this test string: DREDRDRDRARDK
I get the following matches: DR, DRDRD, RD
I want: DRE, DRDRDR, RDK
The matches are missing the last letter for each group.
Please could someone help me figure out why.
Match the first group followed by the second with all that matched any number of times and then possibly followed by the first group. i.e. ([DE][RKH])+[DE]?, or the same with the groups interchanged, i.e. ([RKH][DE])+[RKH]? or just the first group, i.e. [DE] or just the second group, i.e. [RKH]:
library(gsubfn)
x <- "DREDRDRDRARDK" # input
rx <- "(([DE][RKH])+[DE]?|([RKH][DE])+[RKH]?|[DE]|[RKH])"
strapply(x, rx)
## [[1]]
## [1] "DRE" "DRDRDR" "RDK"
In your pattern, you repeatedly match a single character out of 2 character classes followed by a positive lookahead which asserts that there should be a character present directly at the right.
(Note that the positive lookahead should not be optionally repeated (?=[RKH])* or else it will always be true, matching too much)
If the quantifier * is not present after the lookahead you will get your matches where characters are missing.
The reason why the matches are missing the last letter for each group is when [DE] is matched, there is a positive lookahead asserting what is directly to the right is [RKH] (and the other way around due to the alternation)
It does not match the E in DRE because when matching E the lookahead asserts on of [RKH] after is, which is not the case
It does not match the last R in DRDRDR as there is no A following the last R
As the positive lookahead asserts that there should be a next character present, you also don't match the last K because there is no character after it
As already answered, you can repeatedly match the pairs of character classes followed by optionally matching the first character class after it.
Without the groups, I think it could also be shortened to:
(?:[DE][RKH])+[DE]?|(?:[RKH][DE])+[RKH]?
Regex demo
library(stringr)
str_extract_all("DREDRDRDRARDK", "(?:[DE][RKH])+[DE]?|(?:[RKH][DE])+[RKH]?")
Output
[[1]]
[1] "DRE" "DRDRDR" "RDK"
Regex and stringr newbie here. I have a data frame with a column from which I want to find 10-digit numbers and keep only the first three digits. Otherwise, I want to just keep whatever is there.
So to make it easy let's just pretend it's a simple vector like this:
new<-c("111", "1234567891", "12", "12345")
I want to write code that will return a vector with elements: 111, 123, 12, and 12345. I also need to write code (I'm assuming I'll do this iteratively) where I extract the first two digits of a 5-digit string, like the last element above.
I've tried:
gsub("\\d{10}", "", new)
but I don't know what I could put for the replacement argument to get what I'm looking for. Also tried:
str_replace(new, "\\d{10}", "")
But again I don't know what to put in for the replacement argument to get just the first x digits.
Edit: I disagree that this is a duplicate question because it's not just that I want to extract the first X digits from a string but that I need to do that with specific strings that match a pattern (e.g., 10 digit strings.)
If you are willing to use the library stringr from which comes the str_replace you are using. Just use str_extract
vec <- c(111, 1234567891, 12)
str_extract(vec, "^\\d{1,3}")
The regex ^\\d{1,3} matches at least 1 to a maximum of 3 digits occurring right in the beginning of the phrase. str_extract, as the name implies, extracts and returns these matches.
You may use
new<-c("111", "1234567891", "12")
sub("^(\\d{3})\\d{7}$", "\\1", new)
## => [1] "111" "123" "12"
See the R online demo and the regex demo.
Regex graph:
Details
^ - start of string anchor
(\d{3}) - Capturing group 1 (this value is accessed using \1 in the replacement pattern): three digit chars
\d{7} - seven digit chars
$ - end of string anchor.
So, the sub command only matches strings that are composed only of 10 digits, captures the first three into a separate group, and then replaces the whole string (as it is the whole match) with the three digits captured in Group 1.
You can use:
as.numeric(substring(my_vec,1,3))
#[1] 111 123 12
How can I extract all brackets which include a name AND a year?
string="testo(antonio.2018).testo(antonio).testo(giovanni,2018).testo(2018),testo(libero 2019)"
the desired output would look like this:
"(antonio.2018)" "(giovanni,2018)" "(libero 2019)"
I do not want to extract (2018) and (antonio)
You can use str_extract_all from the stringr package with this regex pattern:
stringr::str_extract_all(string,
"\\(\\w+([[:punct:]]{1}|[[:blank:]]{1})[[:digit:]]+\\)")
# [[1]]
# [1] "(antonio.2018)" "(giovanni,2018)" "(libero 2019)"
A small description of the regex:
\\w will match any word-character
+ means that it has to be matched at least once
[[:punct:]] will match any punctuation character
{1} will exactly one appearance
(....|....) indicates one pattern OR the other has to be met
[[:blank:]] means any whitespace must occur
[[:digit:]] means any digit must occur
\\( braces have to be exited.
#loki answer is great! You can also try this, I hope this works for you :)
x<-regmatches(string, gregexpr("(?=\\().*?(?<=\\))", string, perl=T))[[1]]
>x
[1] "(antonio.2018)" "(antonio)" "(giovanni,2018)" "(2018)" "(libero 2019)"
#Extract every nth value.
>x[seq_along(x) %% 2 > 0]
[1] "(antonio.2018)" "(giovanni,2018)" "(libero 2019)"
Note: Unsure of your complete dataset (i.e. if the structure will always be in nth format. If it is (every 2nd value), this will work on large scale.
The original Title for this Question was : R Regex for word boundary excluding space.It reflected the manner I was approaching the problem in. However, this is a better solution to my particular problem. It should work as long as a particular delimiter is used to separate items within a 'cell'
This must be very simple, but I've hit a brick wall on it.
I have a dataframe column where each cell(row) is a comma separated list of items. I want to find the rows that have a specific item.
df<-data.frame( nms= c("XXXCAP,XXX CAPITAL LIMITED" , "XXX,XXX POLYMERS LIMITED, 3455" , "YYY,XXX REP LIMITED,999,XXX" ),
b = c('A', 'X', "T"))
nms b
1 XXXCAP,XXX CAPITAL LIMITED A
2 XXX,XXX POLYMERS LIMITED, 3455 X
3 YYY,XXX REP LIMITED,999,XXX T
I want to search for rows that have item XXX. Rows 2 and 3 should match. Row 1 has the string XXX as part of a larger string and obviously should not match.
However, because XXX in row 1 is separated by spaces in each side, I am having trouble filtering it out with \\b or [[:<:]]
grep("\\bXXX\\b",df$nms, value = F) #matches 1,2,3
The easiest way to do this of course is strsplit() but I'd like to avoid it.Any suggestions on performance are welcome.
When \b does not "work", the problem usually lies in the definition of the "whole word".
A word boundary can occur in one of three positions:
Before the first character in the string, if the first character is a word character.
After the last character in the string, if the last character is a word character.
Between two characters in the string, where one is a word character and the other is not a word character.
It seems you want to only match a word in between commas or start/end of the string).
You may use a PCRE regex (note the perl=TRUE argument) like
(?<![^,])XXX(?![^,])
See the regex demo (the expression is "converted" to use positive lookarounds due to the fact it is a demo with a single multiline string).
Details
(?<![^,]) (equal to (?<=^|,)) - either start of the string or a comma
XXX - an XXX word
(?![^,]) (equal to (?=$|,)) - either end of the string or a comma
R demo:
> grep("(?<![^,])XXX(?![^,])",df$nms, value = FALSE, perl=TRUE)
## => [1] 2 3
The equivalent TRE regex will look like
> grep("(?:^|,)XXX(?:$|,)",df$nms, value = FALSE)
Note that here, non-capturing groups are used to match either start of string or , (see (?:^|,)) and either end of string or , (see ((?:$|,))).
This is perhaps a somewhat simplistic solution, but it works for the examples which you've provided:
library(stringr)
df$nms %>%
str_replace_all('\\s', '') %>% # Removes all spaces, tabs, newlines, etc
str_detect('(^|,)XXX(,|$)') # Detects string XXX surrounded by comma or beginning/end
[1] FALSE TRUE TRUE
Also, have a look at this cheatsheet made by RStudio on Regular Expressions - it is very nicely made and very useful (I keep going back to it when I'm in doubt).
I need to search for specific information within a set of documents that follows the same standard layout.
After I used grep to find the keywords in every document, I went on collecting the numbers or characters of interest.
One piece of data I have to collect is the Total Power that appears as following:
TotalPower: 986559. (UoPow)
Since I had already correctly selected this excerpt, I created the following function that takes the characters between positions n and m, where n and m start counting up from right to left.
substrRight <- function(x, n,m){
substr(x, nchar(x)-n+1, nchar(x)-m)
}
It's important to say that from the ":" to the number 986559, there are 2 spaces; and from the "." to the "(", there's one space.
So I wrote:
TotalP = substrRight(myDf[i],17,9) [1]
where myDf is a character vector with all the relevant observations.
Line [1], after I loop over all my observations, gives me the numbers I want, but I noticed that when the number was 986559, the result was 98655. It simply doesn't "see" 9 as the last number.
The code seems to work fine for the rest of the data. This number (986559) is indeed the highest number in the data and is the only one with order 10^5 of magnitude.
How can I make sure that I will gather all digits in every number?
Thank you for the help.
We can extract the digits before a . by using regex lookaround
library(stringr)
str_extract(str1, "\\d+(?=\\.)")
#[1] "986559"
The \\d+ indicates one or more digist followed by the regex lookaound .