Convert Float to String in Arduino - arduino

I have a few question, how do I convert Float to String?
Because my OLED display require 'String' and cannot print Float
Here is my coding
WindSpeed = WIND_SPEED_20_PULSE_SECOND / ONE_ROTATION_SENSOR * (float) Rotations;
float SpeedMPH = ((WindSpeed * 3600) / CONVERTMPH_FORMULA);
String WindSpeedMS = WindSpeed;
if((millis() - Start_Read_Timer) >= READ_TIME)
{
cli();
WindSpeedStatus();
sei();
Rotations = 0;
Start_Read_Timer = millis();
}
display.setFont(ArialMT_Plain_24);
display.drawString(0, 20, WindSpeedMS);
display.display();
delay(500);
The error I got is:
Compilation error: conversion from 'float' to non-scalar type 'String'
requested
Thanks!


Try
float SpeedMPH = ((WindSpeed * 3600) / CONVERTMPH_FORMULA);
String WindSpeedMS = String(SpeedMPH,0); // 2nd param is decimal digits


refer to Arduino String library as they stated that :
Syntax
String(val)
String(val, base)
String(val, decimalPlaces)
Parameters
val: a variable to format as a String. Allowed data types: string,
char, byte, int, long, unsigned int, unsigned long, float, double.
base: (optional) the base in which to format an integral value.
decimalPlaces: only if val is float or double. The desired decimal
places.
so instead of writing :
String WindSpeedMS = WindSpeed;
you should write :
String WindSpeedMS = String(WindSpeed, 5);
where 5 represents the number of decimal places desired, so if WindSpeed = 12.54545451 then WindSpeedMS = "12.54545"

Related

Converting ASCII to int in Arduino

I am trying to get user input from the serial monitor to turn a stepper motor according to the input. However my code returns the ASCII value rather than the original input.
#include <Stepper.h>
Stepper small_stepper(steps_per_motor_revolution, 8, 10, 9, 11);
void setup() {
// Put your setup code here, to run once:
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("Ready");
}
void loop() {
// Put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
int Steps2Take = Serial.read();
Serial.println(Steps2Take); // Printing
if (Steps2Take == -1)
Steps2Take = 0;
else {
small_stepper.setSpeed(1000); // Setting speed
if (Steps2Take > 0)
small_stepper.step(Steps2Take * 32);
else
small_stepper.step(-Steps2Take * 32);
delay(2);
}
}

Just use the .toInt() function.
You should read the string from your serial and after that convert it to integer.
Serial.print(Serial.readString().toInt());

You could do this three ways! Notice, if the number is greater than 65535 then you have to use a long variable. With decimals use float variable.
You can use the toInt(), or toFloat() which require a String type variable. Heads up as the toFloat() is very time consuming.
// CODE:
String _int = "00254";
String _float = "002.54";
int value1 = _int.toInt();
float value2 = _float.toFloat();
Serial.println(value1);
Serial.println(value2);
// OUTPUT:
254
2.54
You could use the atoi. The function accepts a character array and then converts it to an integer.
// CODE:
// For some reason you have to have +1 your final size; if you don't you will get zeros.
char output[5] = {'1', '.', '2', '3'};
int value1 = atoi(output);
float value2 = atof(output);
Serial.print(value1);
Serial.print(value2);
// OUTPUT:
1
1.23
If you had a Character Array and and wanted to convert it to a string because you didn't know the length...like a message buffer or something, I dunno. You could use this below to change it to a string and then implement the toInt() or toFloat().
// CODE:
char _int[8];
String data = "";
for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++){
data += (char)_int[i];
}
char buf[data.length()+1];
data.toCharArray(buf, data.length()+1);

If it is just a "type-conversion" problem, you can use something like this:
int a_as_int = (int)'a';
or
#include <stdlib.h>
int num = atoi("23"); //atoi = ascii to integer
as it was point out here.
Does it solve the problem?

Arduino Convert int to Char

i have a value q that is int and can arrive only in range of 0 - 9.
and i have the sending function that needs a char value to work.
i need to convert the q to char value and send it.
the code im using there:
int q = 5;
//need to convert q to char c
//typicaly like so 'q'
//
Write(c,'!');
if im using something like that c[1] = '\(q)'; i getting error from arduino app:
invalid conversion from 'char*' to 'char' [-fpermissive]
so how can i solve it?

Try this:
char c;
int q = 5;
c = q + '0'; // convert the number to a character corresponding to it

Write((char)q, '!'). Sounds like very simple question or maybe I have not understood it.

Difference normal cast and pointer cast

i've written a following code:
void union_bytes() {
float fnum = 1209.1996f;
union endian {
float fnum;
int inum;
unsigned char cnum[4];
}instance;
instance.fnum = fnum;
printf("Number = %f\nLittle Endian = %.2x %.2x %.2x %.2x\nHex = %x\n", instance.fnum, instance.cnum[0],
instance.cnum[1], instance.cnum[2], instance.cnum[3], instance.inum);
}
void pointer_bytes() {
float fnum = 1209.1996f;
int *ptr_inum = (int*)&fnum;;
unsigned char *cbytes = (unsigned char *)&fnum;
printf("Number = %f\nLittle Endian = %.2x %.2x %.2x %.2x\nHex = %x\n", fnum, cbytes[0], cbytes[1], cbytes[2], cbytes[3], *ptr_inum);
}
and i want to know, why i have to do such things : int *ptr_inum = (int*)&fnum; in order to get little-endian, and i cant do so like this:
int inum = (int)fnum;
i suppose, the last option forces fnum to lose some bytes, but i still dont know how such numbers are represent in memory(and which bytes are exactly to lose).
Why in this case:
unsigned char ch[4] = { 0x3b, 0x51, 0x7a, 0x24 };
float f = *(float*)ch;
When comes to casting, ch doesnt give the first nible 0x3b which is then a float, rather than it converts all the bytes in table compounding the entire float.
Thanks

why i have to do such things : int ptr_inum = (int)&fnum; in order
to get little-endian, and i cant do so like this: int inum =
(int)fnum;
There is some terminology confusion here. Little-endian is a specific order of bytes for multi-byte structures, and is usually mentioned as opposed to big-endian.
What you are getting is as a result of execution of the first statement is:
make the variable that points to integer point to a location where a floating-point number is stored, so that later its word representation can be retrieved/modifed int by int. Say, for number 1.9 in IEEE-754 compliant implementations is represented as 0x3ff33333, so on little-endian architectures if your int is 32bit you would get 0x3ff33333.
Second statement would mean: give me an integer variable, that results from a float pointing number. By standard, that means dropping of the decimal, so out of 1.9 you will get 1.

convert HEX string to Decimal in arduino

i have an Hex String like this : "0005607947" and want to convert it to Decimal number , i test it on this site and it correctly convert to decimal number and answer is : "90208583" but when i use this code i get wrong value !
where of my code is wrong or did have any one , some new code for this problem ?
long int decimal_answer = getDEC("0005607947") ;
long int getDEC(String str110) {
long int ID = 0 ;
int len = str110.length() ;
char buff[len] ;
int power = 0 ;
for(int i = 0 ; i <len ; i++) { buff[i] = str110.charAt(i); }
for(int i = (len-1) ; i >=0 ; i--) {
int num = buff[i] - '0' ;
ID = ID + num * pow(16 , power) ;
power = power + 1 ;
}
Serial.println(String(ID , DEC));
return ID ;
}
// thanks , i also use this but , get error : invalid conversion from 'void*' to 'char**' [-fpermissive]
unsigned int SiZe = sizeof(F_value) ;
char charBuf[SiZe];
F_value.toCharArray(charBuf , SiZe);
long decimal_answer = strtol(charBuf , NULL , 16);
Serial.println(decimal_answer , DEC);

Drop all that code, and just use 'strtol' from the standard library.
#include <stdlib.h>
long strtol (const char *__nptr, char **__endptr, int __base)
For your use:
long decimal_answer = strtol("0005607947", NULL, 16);

You are trying to store the value 90208583 in an int. Arduino has a 2 byte int size meaning that the largest number you can store is 2^16-1 (65535). You have a couple of options:
Use an unsigned int
min number: 0
max number: 4,294,967,295
cons: can only be used for positive numbers
Use a long int
min number: -2,147,483,648
max number: 2,147,483,647

QByteArrray invalid crc32 values

I'm trying to get CRC32 hash from QByteArray. The problem is that, everytime I run program, it gives different results if using QByteArray::operator=() but right if I use QByteArray::setRawData(). could anyone explain why I'm getting these strange results? Thanks.
crc32 function:
unsigned int crc32_tab[256] = {
0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419, 0x706af48f,
0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3, 0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4, 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988,
0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07, 0x90bf1d91, 0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2,
0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de, 0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7,
0x136c9856, 0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec, 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9,
0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5, 0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4, 0xa2677172,
0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b, 0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c,
0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940, 0x32d86ce3, 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59,
0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a, 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116, 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423,
0xcfba9599, 0xb8bda50f, 0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924,
0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d, 0x76dc4190, 0x01db7106,
0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a, 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f, 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433,
0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e, 0xe10e9818, 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d,
0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01, 0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e,
0x6c0695ed, 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457, 0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950,
0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c, 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3, 0xfbd44c65,
0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2, 0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7,
0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb, 0x4369e96a, 0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0,
0x44042d73, 0x33031de5, 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9, 0x5005713c, 0x270241aa,
0xbe0b1010, 0xc90c2086, 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f,
0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4, 0x59b33d17, 0x2eb40d81,
0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad, 0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6, 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a,
0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615, 0x73dc1683, 0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84,
0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8, 0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1,
0xf00f9344, 0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe, 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb,
0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7, 0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a, 0x67dd4acc,
0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5, 0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e,
0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252, 0xd1bb67f1, 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b,
0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c, 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60, 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55,
0x316e8eef, 0x4669be79, 0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236,
0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f, 0xc5ba3bbe, 0xb2bd0b28,
0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04, 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31, 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d,
0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c, 0x026d930a, 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f,
0x72076785, 0x05005713, 0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38,
0x92d28e9b, 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21, 0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242,
0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e, 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1, 0x18b74777,
0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c, 0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69,
0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45, 0xa00ae278, 0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2,
0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7, 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db, 0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc,
0x40df0b66, 0x37d83bf0, 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9,
0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6, 0xbad03605, 0xcdd70693,
0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf, 0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8, 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94,
0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d
};
...
unsigned int MyClass::crc32(unsigned int crc, const void *buf, unsigned int size)
{
const unsigned int *p;
p = (const unsigned int *)buf;
crc = crc ^~ 0xFFFFFFFF;
while(size--)
{
crc = this->crc32_tab[(crc ^ *p++) & 0xFF] ^ (crc >> 8);
}
return crc ^~ 0xFFFFFFFF;
}
and string to be calculated.
QByteArray crcval = "abc";
MyClass mclass;
QMessageBox::information(0, 0, QString::number(mclass.crc32(0, crcval.constData(), crcval.size()))); // returns random numbers.
...
QByteArray crcval;
crcval.setRawData("abc", 3);
MyClass mclass;
QMessageBox::information(0, 0, QString::number(mclass.crc32(0, crcval.constData(), crcval.size()))); // OK.
Why?

In first case your string converted to QString. So it's byte representation will be a string in utf-16 with trailing zero (total 8 bytes).
In first case you path 4 bytes - a, b, c, \0
In second - to char[3]
What you mean by "random numbers"?

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