Changing the interactive login of root in RHEL 7 breaks applications - root

I've recently had a requirement to change the /etc/passwd file on my systems ( RHEL 7)
I've changed my root from interactive login, root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash , to non interactive login root:x:0:0:root:/root:/sbin/nologin to prevent users from using sudo su to switch to root.
However, I noticed that when this happens, I am unable to start services on my server. i.e. Nginx, Squid, Postfix.
A sample error is :
getpwnam failed to find userid for effective user 'squid'

Related

Fail to open kibana homepage from development environment

I'm setup kibana local development by following up the wiki from
https://github.com/elastic/kibana/blob/7.1/CONTRIBUTING.md#setting-up-your-development-environment
yarn es snapshot
i'm able to run elastichsearch locally at http://localhost:9200/ with above cli.
yarn start
i'm able to start the server for kibana with above cli, and according to log, it promote me to open http://localhost:5601/ykl,
server log [15:57:39.991] [info][listening] Server running at http://localhost:5603/ykl
server log [15:57:40.150] [info][status][plugin:spaces#8.0.0] Status changed from yellow to green - Ready
after i logined with default user/password, it return back a error response.
{"statusCode":403,"error":"Forbidden","message":"Forbidden"}
I'm not able to access page
http://localhost:5601/ykl/app/kibana#/management,
it will redirect me to http://localhost:5601/ykl/#/management with error response just as above error json response.
My question is what's wrong with the default user account to access homepage? how to change kibana configuration to allow me to access homepage.
ps:
I'm able to open status page without any problem http://localhost:5601/ykl/status#?_g=()
I found answer myself.
just use another default user account which has permission, actually, i login with elastic and it works
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elastic-stack-overview/7.1/built-in-users.html

Can't get to the root on juniper ssg5

Can't get to the root on juniper ssg5
After i enter my login username and password I'm stuck on this prompt
'my-fw->'
my-fw-> copy
^------unknown keyword copy
my-fw-> show
^------unknown keyword show
my-fw-> configure
^-----------unknown keyword configure
why can't i get to root#my-fw-> or root#my-fw-# prompt. What can i do to get to root. I'm using putty to console to the juniper ssg5.
[Note- I'm trying to backup config to a tftp server where i require to get to the root access]
You don't need root access. root is an special account and all / most of the commands works without root account. Any account which has privileges to perform configuration changes, can apply the command to archive the configuration on given site.
See junos-os-login-classes-overview for user privileges.
The prompt we get is in this format: user#hostname> Ref
If there is no hostname defined, then it is just: user>
Once you make sure that you have logged in with correct user, i.e. it has requirement permissions, you should be able to execute those commands and apply archival configuration.
I have a working solution, let me know if above doesn't help.

Cannot authenticate R Studio Server with pam_pwdfile

RStudio Server authentication with libpam-pwdfile
I'm developing a Vagrant box with a full analytic stackand this includes, ofc, a RStudio Server instance.
I decided to use this pam module https://github.com/tiwe-de/libpam-pwdfile as it allows to authenticate against a pwd file. This allows me to let users access to RStudio without the need to make them server users.
But I'm not able to authenticate at all!
I've added these two files to my setup:
/etc/rstudio/passwd
jdoe:s/NKv5DK33kxQ
(the password was made using mkpasswd using crypt)
/etc/pam.d/rstudio
auth required pam_pwdfile.so pwdfile=/etc/rstudio/passwd
account required pam_permit.so
session required pam_permit.so
password required pam_deny.so
When I perform a pamtester --verbose rstudio jdoe authenticate as the user rstudio-server I get authentication successful.
But still not able to login to RStudio.
Looking into /var/lof/auth.log I can see that some lines:
PAM unable to dlopen(pam_permit.so#015): /lib/security/pam_permit.so#015: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
PAM adding faulty module: pam_permit.so#015
PAM unable to dlopen(pam_deny.so#015): /lib/security/pam_deny.so#015: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
PAM adding faulty module: pam_deny.so#015
This happens when I insert a valid user (with both the right or a wrong password).
Only if I insert a fake user at login screen I get an additional line pam_pwdfile(rstudio:auth): user not found in password database.
I'm totally puzzled why these files are not found: they are not /lib/security but in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/security/ actually.
Is it because of these missing files I cannot login?

IIS 7 Error "A specified logon session does not exist. It may already have been terminated." when using https

I am trying to create Client Certificates Authentication for my asp.net Website.
In order to create client certificates, I need to create a Certificate Authority first:
makecert.exe -r -n “CN=My Personal CA” -pe -sv MyPersonalCA.pvk -a
sha1 -len 2048 -b 01/01/2013 -e 01/01/2023 -cy authority
MyPersonalCA.cer
Then, I have to import it to IIS 7, but since it accepts the .pfx format, i convert it first
pvk2pfx.exe -pvk MyPersonalCA.pvk -spc MyPersonalCA.cer -pfx MyPersonalCA.pfx
After importing MyPersonalCA.pfx, I try to add the https site binding to my Web Site and choose the above as SSL Certificate, but I get the following error:
Any suggestions?
I ran across this same issue, but fixed it a different way. I believe the account I was using changed from the time I initially attempted to set up the certificate to the time where I returned to finish the work, thus creating the issue. What the issue is, I don't know, but I suspect it has to do with some sort of hash from the current user and that is inconsistent in some scenarios as the user is modified or recreated, etc.
To fix it, I ripped out of both IIS and the Certificates snap-in (for Current User and Local Computer) all references of the certificate in question:
Next, I imported the *.pfx file into the certs snap-in in MMC, placing it in the Local Computer\Personal node:
Right-click the Certificates node under Personal (under Local Computer as the root)
All Tasks -> Import
Go through the Wizard to import your *.pfx
From that point, I was able to return to IIS and find it in the Server Certificates. Finally, I went to my site, edited the bindings and selected the correct certificate. It worked because the user was consistent throughout the process.
To the point mentioned in another answer, you shouldn't have to resort to marking it as exportable as that's a major security issue. You're effectively allowing anyone who can get to the box with a similar set of permissions to take your cert with them and import it anywhere else. Obviously that's not optimal.
Security warning: what the checkbox really means is that the certificate can be read by users that shouldn't be able to read it. Such as the user running the IIS worker process. In production use the other answer instead.
Happened to me too, and was fixed by ensuring that "Allow this certificate to be exported" is checked when you import it:
(thanks to this post!)
This must be some kind of IIS bug, but I found the solution.
1- Export MyPersonalCA.pfx from IIS.
2- Convert it to .pem:
openssl pkcs12 -in MyPersonalCA.pfx -out MyPersonalCA.pem -nodes
3- Convert it back to .pfx:
openssl pkcs12 -export -in MyPersonalCA.pem -inkey MyPersonalCA.pem -out MyPersonalCA.pfx
4- Import it back to IIS.
We had the same issue due to incorrectly importing the certificate into the Current User Personal certificate store. Removing it from the Current User Personal store and importing it into the Local Machine Personal certificate store solved the problem.
Nobody probably cares about this anymore, but I just faced this issue with my IIS 7 website binding. The way I fixed it was going to the Certificate Authority and finding the certificate issued to the server with the issue. I verified the user account that requested the certificate. I Then logged into the IIS server using RDP with that account. I was able to rebind the https protocol using that account only. No exports, reissuing, or extension changing hacks were needed.
Instead of importing the cert from IIS, do it from MMC.
Then goto IIS for binding.
In our case this problem occurred because we have installed the certificate in a Virtual Machine and made an image of it for further use.
When creating another VM from the image previously created the certificate sends the message.
To avoid this be sure to install the certificate on every new VM installed.
According to the MSDN blog post, this can happen when the current user account doesn't have permission to access the private key file which is under the folder "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys". Apparently this can be resolved by granting the user account / user group Full Access permission to the above folder.
I've come across the same issue, and was able to resolve it by simply re-importing the .pfx file with the Allow this certificate ti be exported checkbox selected.
However, this method imposes a security risk - as any user who has
access to your IIS server will be able to export your certificate with
the private key.
In my case, only I have access to my IIS server - therefore it was not a huge risk.
I got this error due to wrong openssl command-line during export PKCS #12 certificate. -certfile key was wrong. I exported certificate again and it was imported successfully.
We found another cause for this. If you are scripting the certificate install using PowerShell and used the Import-PfxCertificate command. This will import the certificate. However, the certificate imported cannot be bound to a website in IIS with the same error as this question mentions. You can list certificates using this command and see why:
certutil -store My
This lists the certificates in your Personal store and you will see this property:
Provider = Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider
This storage provider is a newer CNG provider and is not supported by IIS or .NET. You cannot access the key. Therefore you should use certutil.exe to install certificates in your scripts. Importing using the Certificate Manager MMC snap-in or IIS also works but for scripting, use certutil as follows:
certutil -f -p password -importpfx My .\cert.pfx NoExport
See this article for more information: https://windowsserver.uservoice.com/forums/295065-security-and-assurance/suggestions/18436141-import-pfxcertificate-needs-to-support-legacy-priv
Guys after trying almost every single solution to no avail i ended up finding my solution to '“A specified logon session does not exist. It may already have been terminated.” when using https" below
Verify your pfx cert is healthy with correct private key
Run certutil and locate the certs 'unique Container name' - i used certutil -v -store my
3.Navigate to C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys and locate the system file that corresponds to your Container name found above
Check permissions and ensure 'system' has full control to file.
Once applied i then checked IIS and was able to apply to https without error
I had the same issue. Solved by removing the certificate from de personal store (somebody put in it) and from the webhosting. All done through the IIS manager. Then I added again to the webhosting store (with everything checked) and I can use HTTPS again...
In my case it was because the World Wide Publishing Service user didn't have permissions to the certificate. After installing the certificate, access the certificates module in MMC and right-click the certificate with the issue. Select "Manage Private Keys..." from the "All Tasks" menu and add the above user. This was SYSTEM user in my case.
I was getting a this error when trying to bind localhost pfx cert for my development machine.
Before i tried any of this above, tried something simpler first.
Closed any localhost dev site i had openned.
Stopped my IIS server and closed the manager
run the manager as Admin
Added all my https bindings, no errors or issues this time.
restarted iis
Everything seems to work after that.
I was getting same error whilst binding the certificate, but fixed after deleting the certificate and importing again through mmc console.
In my case, it has been fixed by using certutil -repairstore command. I was getting following error, when trying to add certificate to Web Binding on IIS using powershell:
A specified logon session does not exist. It may already have been terminated.
I fixed it by running:
certutil.exe -repairstore $CertificateStoreName $CertThumbPrint
where CertificateStoreName is store name, and CertThumbPrint is the thumbprint of imported certificate.
I recieved this error message when trying to use the following powershell command:
(Get-WebBinding -Port 443 -Name
"WebsiteName").AddSslCertificate("<CertificateThumbprint>", "My")
The solution for me was to go into certificate manager and give IIS_IUSRS user permission to see the certificate.
These are the steps I followed:
Move the certificate into [Personal > Certificates]
Right click [All Tasks > Manage Private Keys]
Add the IIS_IUSRS user (which is located on the local computer not in your domain if you're attached to one)
Give read permission
I managed to fix this problem by importing the SSL certificate PFX file using Windows Certificate Manager.
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-vista/view-or-manage-your-certificates
I just had this issue today and feel compelled to post my solution in the hope that you will lose less hair than I've just done.
After trying the solutions above, we had to re-issue the SSL certificate from the SSL provider (RapidSSL issuing as a reseller for GeoTrust).
There was no cost with this process, just the five minute wait while the confirmation emails (admin#) arrived, and we gained access again.
Once we had the response, we used IIS > Server Certificates to install it. We did not need the MMC snap-in.
https://knowledge.rapidssl.com/support/ssl-certificate-support/index?page=content&id=SO5757
We kept a remote desktop window to the server open throughout, to avoid any issues with differing login accounts/sessions, etc. I do believe it is an IIS bug as another expert believes, as we only have one RDC account. What is most infuriating is that the very same certificate has been working perfectly for two months before suddenly "breaking".
In my case I imported a newer version of a certificate (PFX for IIS) from StartSSL just recently and forgot to remove the old one, which somehow caused this error (now two certs sort of the same). I removed both of them, imported the proper one, and now it works.
I was able to fix this problem by removing the then importing it by double clicking the certificate.
For me, the fix was to delete the cert from IIS and re-import it, but into the "personal" certificate store instead of "web hosting"
According to the below, this is fine, at least for my own circumstances.
What's the difference between the Personal and Web Hosting certificate store?
Also, should it make any difference, I imported the certificate via the wizard after double clicking on it on the local machine, instead of via the IIS import method. After this the certificate was available in IIS automatically.
Here's what worked for me:
Step 1: Open up a Run window and type "mmc"
Step 2: Click File > Add/Remove Snap In
Step 3: Add > Certificates, Click OK
Step 4: Choose "Computer Account", then "Local Computer" and proceed.
Step 5: Hit OK
Step 6: Right click the Certificates folder on: Console Root > Certificates (Local Computer) > Personal > Certificates
Step 7: Select All Tasks > Import (Please note that the "Local Machine" is selected on the next window)
Step 8: Browse your .pfx file
Step 9: Then go to the IIS and create https binding
Try :
Go into IIS and delete "VSTS Dev Router" web site and "VSTS Dev Router Pool" application pool.
Run “certlm.msc” and open Personal/Certificates
Delete any cert named “*.vsts.me” and "vsts.me"
Re-deploy

IIS uses proxy for webservice request. How to stop this?

I have a problem with a little .Net web application which uses the Amazon webservice. With the integrated Visual Studio web server everything works fine. But after deploying it to the IIS on the same computer i get the following error message:
Ein Verbindungsversuch ist fehlgeschlagen, da die Gegenstelle nach
einer bestimmten Zeitspanne nicht ordnungsgemäß reagiert hat, oder
die hergestellte Verbindung war fehlerhaft, da der verbundene Host
nicht reagiert hat 192.168.123.254:8080
Which roughly translates to "cant connect to 192.168.123.254:8080"
The computer is part of an Active Directory. The AD-Server was installed on a network which uses 192.168.123.254 as a proxy. Now it is not reachable and should not be used.
How do I prevent the IIS from using a proxy?
I think it has something to do with policy settings for the Internet Explorer. An "old" AD user has this setting, but a newly created user does not. I checked all the group policy settings and nowhere is a proxy defined.
The web server is running in the context of the anonymous internet user account on the local computer. Do local users get settings from the AD? If so how can I change that setting, if I cant login as this user?
What can I do, where else i could check?
Proxy use can be configured in the web.config.
The system.net/defaultProxy element will let you specify whether a proxy is used by default or provide a bypass list.
For more info see: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/kd3cf2ex.aspx
Some group policy settings that may be relevant:
Root \ Local computer policy \ Computer configuration \ Administrative templates \ Windows components \ Internet Explorer \ Make proxy settings per-machine -- by default this is disabled, meaning individual users on the server have customised proxy settings.
Root \ Local computer policy \ User configuration \ Windows settings \ Internet Explorer maintenance \ Connection. In "Automatic Browser Configuration" the value "Automatically detect configuration settings" -- you can set this off to prevent the process trying to detect proxy settings automatically.
That said, using the defaultProxy setting as shown in hwiechers' answer would seem to be a better way of doing it, not affecting other processes or users on the machine.
IIS is a destination. The configuration issue is in whatever is doing the call (acting like a client). If you are using the built-in .Net communication methods you will need to make the adjustment inside of ... Wait for it ... Internet Explorer.
Yep! That little bugger has bitten me more times than I care to remember. I used to have to switch the proxy server settings in IE 5 or 6 times a day as I switched between internal and external servers. Newer versions of IE have a much better "don't use proxy server" set of rules.
-- Clarification --
As it seems that the user ID used by IIS is using this setting, you'll probably need to search the registry for where the proxy information is stored for each user ID and/or the default.

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