I am a bit confused with the architecture of load-balancing K8s traffic with Nginx ingress controller.
I learned that an ingress controller is supposed to configure the load-balancer you're using according to ingress configurations.
So if I want to use Nginx ingress controller and I have a Physical server that is running Nginx that stands in front of my network, how can I make the ingress controller configure it?
Ingress exposes HTTP and HTTPS routes from outside the cluster to services within the cluster. Traffic routing is controlled by rules defined on the Ingress resource. You must have an Ingress controller to satisfy an Ingress. Only creating an Ingress resource has no effect. Take a look at the example graph below:
Nginx Ingress Controller is using service of type LoadBalancer to get the traffic enter the controller and then to get rerouted to particular services.
I strongly suggest going through the official documentation in order to get a good understanding of the topic and see some examples of using it.
is the nginx ingress controller supposed to (or can) configure an
Nginx machine?
NGINX Ingress Controller works with both NGINX and NGINX Plus and supports the standard Ingress features - content-based routing and TLS/SSL termination.
Related
I have a service deployed on Kubernetes and it has url app.io (using ingress).
What if I need a user to every time go to app.io and:
if it's running okay with no errors, it redirects to the app.io (on k8s)
and if not running well or have an error, it would redirect on a backup service on Heroku for example with url backup.io.
How can I do that?
Thanks in advance
Fallback routing like you describe is not part of the Ingress standard. It only does routing based on incoming Host header and request path. It's possible some specific Ingress Controller supports this as a custom extension but I don't know of any that do.
I think you may need to put a L7 load balancer like HAproxy in front. Configure your backup location in backend pool, and HAProxy will take care of the rest.
You may want to configure ingress befault-backendto be some sort of fallback service. With most of the cases people tend to use that for some custom 404 but you might just direct it to another service, for example backup-io:
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: my-ingress
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: "/"
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/default-backend: backup-io
That's of course assuming you're using nginx controller. Kong has also fallback service instructions.
I am learning the world of k8s and there is a lot of talk about ingress and ingress controllers. Conceptually it sounds identical to a web server which I will define as a service that proxies HTTP requests to web application servers. It can serve up certificates and do basic load balancing...
Whereas ingress: Ingress exposes HTTP and HTTPS routes from outside the cluster to services within the cluster. Traffic routing is controlled by rules defined on the Ingress resource. Ingress may provide load balancing, SSL termination and name-based virtual hosting.
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/
They sound the same! So what exactly is the difference here? I can't be the only one confused by this right?
In general Web Server's is responsible for accepting and fulfilling requests from clients.
A web server‘s fundamental job is to accept and fulfill requests from clients for static content from a website (HTML pages, files, images, video, and so on). The client is almost always a browser or mobile application and the request takes the form of a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) message, as does the web server’s response.
Lately you can find many web servers like Apache or Nginx.
Kubernetes Ingress is an API object. In IBM blog - What is Kubernetes Ingress and why is it useful?
Kubernetes Ingress is an API object that provides routing rules to manage external users' access to the services in a Kubernetes cluster, typically via HTTPS/HTTP. With Ingress, you can easily set up rules for routing traffic without creating a bunch of Load Balancers or exposing each service on the node. This makes it the best option to use in production environments.
Also in Kubernetes Ingress Docs you can find that Kubernetes Ingress needs Ingress Controller.
You must have an Ingress controller to satisfy an Ingress. Only creating an Ingress resource has no effect.
There are many ingress controllers like Nginx, Ambassador, Apache, etc.
To sum up:
To use Ingress you need some Web Server as Ingress Controller.
Kubernetes Ingress is an Kubernetes object which helps user to configure Web Server (like Nginx) in Kubernetes Clusters.
As you pointed in documentation it allows you to configure some HTTP/HTTPS routing, traffic load balancing, terminate SSL / TLS, etc.
Ingress exposes HTTP and HTTPS routes from outside the cluster to services within the cluster. Traffic routing is controlled by rules defined on the Ingress resource.
We are looking at various opensource ingress controllers available for kubernetes and need to chose the best one among all. We are evaluating the below four ingress controllers
Nginx ingress controller
Traefik ingress controller
Ha-proxy ingress controller
Kong ingress controller
What are the difference between these In terms of features and performance and which one should be adopted in production. please provide your suggestions
One difference I’m aware of, is that haproxy and nginx ingresses can work in TCP mode, whereas traefik only works in HTTP/HTTPS modes. If you want to ingress services like SMTP or MQTT, then this is a useful distinction.
Also, haproxy supports the “PROXY” protocol, allowing you to pass real client IP to backend services. I used the haproxy ingress recently for a docker-mailserver helm chart - https://hub.helm.sh/charts/funkypenguin
What is the difference between Nginx ingress controller and HAProxy load balancer in kubernetes?
First, let's have a quick overview of what an Ingress Controller is in Kubernetes.
Ingress Controller: controller that responds to changes in Ingress rules and changes its internal configuration accordingly
So, both the HAProxy ingress controller and the Nginx ingress controller will listen for these Ingress configuration changes and configure their own running server instances to route traffic as specified in the targeted Ingress rules. The main differences come down to the specific differences in use cases between Nginx and HAProxy themselves.
For the most part, Nginx comes with more batteries included for serving web content, such as configurable content caching, serving local files, etc. HAProxy is more stripped down, and better equipped for high-performance network workloads.
The available configurations for HAProxy can be found here and the available configuration methods for Nginx ingress controller are here.
I would add that Haproxy is capable of doing TLS / SSL offloading (SSL termination or TLS termination) for non-http protocols such as mqtt, redis and ftp type workloads.
The differences go deeper than this, however, and these issues go into more detail on them:
https://serverfault.com/questions/229945/what-are-the-differences-between-haproxy-and-ngnix-in-reverse-proxy-mode
HAProxy vs. Nginx
Am I currently forced to use an additional webserver (nginx) to redirect all Kubernete Ingress traffic to https when hosting on GCE?
I'm looking to deploy a Golang application into the wild. As a learning experiment, I thought I would use GCE to host & K8s to deploy/scale. I have deployments and services all working as expected returning traffic and created certs with Lets Encrypt for TLS termination.
I am at the point of implementing an Ingress now as Service LoadBalancers seem to be deprecated. At this stage I am using a static IP for the Ingress to use for backend requests - as follows
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: web-ingress
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.global-static-ip-name: "kubernetes-ingress"
ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
spec:
tls:
- secretName: web-ssl
backend:
serviceName: web
servicePort: 80
Of course I want all http traffic to go through https/TLS. Assigning the ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true" entry has made no difference. As a sneaky attempt, I thought I may be able to alter the servicePort to 443. As my service is accepting requests on both 80/443 ports, valid responses were returned, but http was not forced to https.
At this stage I am guessing I will need to "bite the bullet" and create an nginx Ingress Controller. This will also help to update certs using Lego along with creating another abstraction should I need more service points.
But before I did, I just wanted to check first if there is no other way? Any help appreciated thanks.
An Ingress controller is needed to implement the Ingress manifest. Without it, installing the Ingress manifest doesn't do anything. Afaik, deploying an Ingress is the best way for HTTP redirection.
You can make the ingress redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS. Check out this tutorial for TLS with traefik, and this tutorial for TLS with nginx.