finding shortest distance between two points around waterways in r - r

Looking for some advice on the best approach to this problem. I need make a matrix of pairwise OVER LAND shortest distance between each pair of points for 309 points (see figure below).
An approach I was thinking of following was creating a shapefile of the entire area in question and rasterizing it and using the gdistance library to somehow convert waterways to a 'high cost' barrier and land to 'low cost' and then finding least cost paths. And then finding a way to put that in matrix form. Or if there's a way to do this just by telling R to stay within a shapefile?
Any suggestions would be very helpful! Thanks

Related

Edge detection for 3d point clouds/meshes with R

The detection of edges in 3d objects may be the first step for the automatic processing of particular characteristics and landmarks.
Thus, I'm looking for a method to identify such edges for some of my 3d-scanned objects.
However, with all my ideas (Hough transformation, angles threshold for neighboring vertices) I didn't succeed.
Thus, I'd be quite happy if someone could point me to a solution to the edge-finding-problem for 3d point clouds which can be applied using R.
There is a nice paper from last year about this topic.
Basically, you need to compute several features, for each point, based on it's neighbors.
I usually prefer Python over R so I'm not aware of any point-cloud processing package un R. But the implementation of that paper in R should be easy.
If you can translate Python-R, you can take a look at this library that I wrote as it has already implemented the computation of all the features mentioned on that paper.
If that helps you, in this answer you can find example code on how to add the curvature for each point. You just have to replace the word curvature with the other names of features.

Determining shortest distance between Isobaths

I'm interested in finding the shortest distance between two 120m isobaths to determine the interaction of species during the Pleistocene.
Thus far I have found methods to plot the isobaths with package marmap. But have not been able to find functions to determine the shortest distance between isobaths without having to manually measure them as there will be quite a substantial number of measurements involved which would not be efficient to do so manually.
Would appreciate any advice on this, thanks!
Have you tried using the function dist2isobath() in the latest version of marmap (v0.9.1)? Its purpose is to compute great circle distances between any number of points and a given isobath. So you could get the coordinates of points along one of your 120m isobath using contourLines(), then use dist2isobath() to compute the shortest path between each of these points and your second 120m isobath.

Cluster adjacent Vornoi polygons of same category

We have a set of points, each with (x,y) coordinates and a category C. We have built the Voronoi diagram based on these points and would now like to "cluster" adjacent polygons when they are of a particular category. Is there a ready-made algorithm / R package for doing this ?
If not, our current thinking is to go back to the Delaunay triangulation and brute-force our way to the solution : consider each vertix V, find the vertix v of each edge going into V and see if they are the same category, if so aggregate the polygons.
Is there a better way to do that ? Is there an R package that could do that ? If not, which R package implementing Delaunay would have the best result data-structure to do this ?
Note: I wouldn't call this cluster analysis. If you stick to this keyword, you will not find anything useful to you. What you apparently want to do is merge adjacent Voronoi cells, but that's about it.
Your Voronoi cell / Delaunay triangulation algorithm should give you information of all the edges. What you probably want to do is iterate over all edges, and when both cells have the same category, merge them.
Trivial code; and heavily application dependant (what is "same category"?), so you probably won't find a "libary" for it.
You can use a convex hull on the points and remove all points inside a same category. Then repeat the voronoi diagram. BTW. I know nothing about R.

Suggested package/function to compute the vertices of a 3-simplex (tetrahedron)

I'd like to draw the 3-simplex which encloses some random points in 3D. So for example:
pts <- rnorm(30)
pts <- matrix(pts, ncol = 3)
With these points, I'd like to compute the vertices of the 3-simplex (irregular tetrahedron) that just encloses these points. Can someone suggest a package/function that will do this? All manner of searching for simplex-related material is dominated by answers that relate to using simplices for other purposes, of which there are many. I just want to compute one and draw it. Seems simple, but I don't seem to know the relevant keywords for what I need.
If nobody can find a suitable package for this, you'll have to settle for doing it yourself, which isn't so difficult if you don't require it to be the absolute tightest fit. See this question over at mathexchange.
The simplest approach presented in this question seems to me to be translating the origin so that all points lie in the positive orthant (i.e, all point dimensions are positive) and then projecting the points to lie within the simplex denoted by each unit vector. To get this simplex in your original coordinate system you can take the inverse projection and inverse translation of the points in this simplex.
Another approach suggested there is to find the enveloping sphere (which you can for instance use Ritter's algorithm for), and then find an enveloping simplex of the sphere, which might be an easier task depending what you are most comfortable with.
I think you're looking for convhulln in the geometry package, but I'm no expert, so maybe that isn't quite what you are looking for.

quality analysis of fitted pyramid

sorry for posting this in programing site, but there might be many programming people who are professional in geometry, 3d geometry... so allow this.
I have been given best fitted planes with the original point data. I want to model a pyramid for this data as the data represent a pyramid. My approach of this modeling is
Finding the intersection lines (e.g. AB, CD,..etc) for each pair of adjacent plane
Then, finding the pyramid top (T) by intersecting the previously found lines as these lines don’t pass through a single point
Intersecting the available side planes with a desired horizontal plane to get the basement
In figure – black triangles are original best fitted triangles; red
and blue triangles are model triangles
I want to show that the points are well fitted for the pyramid model
than that it fitted for the given best fitted planes. (Assume original
planes are updated as shown)
Actually step 2 is done using weighted least square process. Each intersection line is assigned with a weight. Weight is proportional to the angle between normal vectors of corresponding planes. in this step, I tried to find the point which is closest to all the intersection lines i.e. point T. according to the weights, line positions might change with respect to the influence of high weight line. That mean, original planes could change little bit. So I want to show that these new positions of planes are well fitted for the original point data than original planes.
Any idea to show this? I am thinking to use RMSE and show before and after RMSE. But again I think I should use weighted RMSE as all the planes refereeing to the point T are influenced so that I should cope this as a global case rather than looking individual planes….. But I can’t figure out a way to show this. Or maybe I should use some other measure…
So, I am confused and no idea to show this.. Please help me…
If you are given the best-fit planes, why not intersect the three of them to get a single unambiguous T, then determine the lines AT, BT, and CT?
This is not a rhetorical question, by the way. Your actual question seems to be for reassurance that your procedure yields "well-fitted" results, but you have not explained or described what kind of fit you're looking for!
Unfortunately, without this information, your question cannot be answered as asked. If you describe your goals, we may be able to help you achieve them -- or, if you have not yet articulated them for yourself, that exercise may be enough to let you answer your own question...
That said, I will mention that the only difference between the planes you started with and the planes your procedure ends up with should be due to floating point error. This is because, geometrically speaking, all three lines should intersect at the same point as the planes that generated them.

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