scanf erases pointer value in structure (C) - pointers

my structures are product and supermarket.
product:
typedef struct product
{
char* product_name;
char* barcode;
} product;
suprmarket:
typedef struct super_market
{
product** product_list;
int number_of_products;
} super_market;
my main is:
super_market new_super;
new_super.number_of_products = 0;
new_super.product_list = (product**)malloc(MAX_NUM_PRODUCTS * sizeof(product));
if (new_super.product_list == NULL)
printf("couldnt do malloc");
char user_barcode[12] = { 0 };
char *barcode = (char*)malloc(12);
if (barcode == NULL)
printf("!!couldn't do malloc");;
while(user_barcode!=505){
//exit code is 505
scanf("%s", user_barcode);
barcode = user_barcode;
new_super.product_list[new_super.number_of_products] = add_product(barcode);
new_super.number_of_products++;
}
add_product does:
product* new_product = (product*)malloc(sizeof(product));
new_product->product_name = (char*)malloc(20);
if (new_product->product_name == NULL)
printf("couldn't do malloc");
new_product->barcode = add_barcode;
printf(adding_product_name);
scanf("%s", new_product->product_name);
return new_product;
}
It seems that after the user has entered a second barcode(in the scanf line), the value of barcode of prod1 is deleted and replaced by the second barcode.
Also, I don't know if it matters but barcode and new_super.product_list[new_super.number_of_products]->barcode has the same address.
I'd be happy to know where is my mistake.
thanks to everyone that answers.

Related

memmove implementation throws segmentation fault while copying a character array

Hi I tried to write my own version of memmove and I find the following code resulting in a segmentation fault. It would be great if someone could help me figure out why this behavior would occur!
However, when I use something like:
char source[20] = "Hello, this is Piranava", the code works fine!
void *memmoveLocal(void *dest, const void *src, unsigned int n)
{
char *destL = dest;
const char *srcL = src;
int i = 0;
if(dest == NULL || src == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
else
{
// if dest comes before source, even if there's an overlap, we should move forward
// because if there's an overlap (when dest < src) and we move backward, we'd overwrite the overlapping bytes in src
if(destL < srcL)
{
printf("Forward\n");
while(i < n)
{
destL[i] = srcL[i];
i++;
}
}
else // in all other cases (even if there's overlap or no overlap, we can move backward)
{
printf("Backward\n");
i = n - 1;
while(i >= 0)
{
destL[i] = srcL[i];
i--;
}
}
}
return dest;
}
void main()
{
char *source = "Hello, this is ABC";
char *destination = malloc(strlen(source)+1);
memmoveLocal(source+5, source, 5);
printf("Source: %s \nDestination: %s, size: %d\n", source, destination, strlen(destination));
}
However, if I replace
char *source = "Hello, this is ABC";
with
char source[20] = "Hello, this is ABC";
, it works fine!
memmoveLocal(source+5, source, 5);
You are trying to overwrite a string literal, which is not writable.
Did you intend to memmoveLocal(destination, source+5, 5) instead?
char source[20] = "Hello, this is ABC";
That turns source from a string literal into a char[] array initialized with a string literal. The array is writable, so your program no longer crashes.

CS50 Pset 5 Hashtable issue

After creating a hash table and assigning each letter to a value for the table, i am noticing the first word output by the table for the beginning of every linked list is the same word. Somehow it seems I am transferring the entire dictionary to each array in the table even though I have attempted to separate them. Any assistance would be awesome! Thanks in advance
// Implements a dictionary's functionality
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "dictionary.h"
// Represents a node in a hash table
typedef struct node
{
char *word;
struct node *next;
}
node;
// Number of buckets in hash table
const unsigned int N = 25;
// Hash table
node *table[N];
char lowerword[LENGTH+1];
// Returns true if word is in dictionary else false
bool check(const char *word)
{
int bucketfind = 0;
int x = 0;
for (int b = word[x]; b != '\0';b = word[x], x++)
{
int lowertemp = tolower(word[x]);
if (x == 0)
{
bucketfind = lowertemp - 97;
}
char lowerfinal = lowertemp;
lowerword[x] = lowerfinal;
//printf("%c", lowerword[x]);
}
int wordlen = x + 1;
int pr = 0;
while (table[bucketfind] -> next != NULL)
{
int dwlen = strlen(table[bucketfind]-> word);
pr++;
//printf("%i, %i, %s, %i\n", pr, dwlen, table[bucketfind] -> word, bucketfind);
}
//TODO
return false;
}
// Hashes word to a number
unsigned int hash(const char *word)
{
int asciifirst = word[0];
int lowerfirst = tolower(asciifirst);
int bucketnum = lowerfirst - 97;
return bucketnum;
}
// Loads dictionary into memory, returning true if successful else false
int dictwords = 0;
//char *cword = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*46);
bool load(const char *dictionary)
{
char *cword = malloc(sizeof(char)*46);
FILE *dict = fopen(dictionary, "r");
if (dictionary == NULL)
{
return false;
}
int x = 0;
while ((fscanf(dict, "%s", cword) != EOF))
{
node *nword = malloc(sizeof(node));
nword -> word = cword;
nword -> next = NULL;
int bucket = hash(cword);
//printf("%i\n", bucket);
if (table[bucket] != NULL)
{
nword -> next = table[bucket];
table[bucket] = nword;
}
else
{
table[bucket]= nword;
}
dictwords++;
}
fclose(dict);
return true;
}
// Returns number of words in dictionary if loaded else 0 if not yet loaded
unsigned int size(void)
{
return dictwords;
}
// Unloads dictionary from memory, returning true if successful else false
bool unload(void)
{
// TODO
return false;
}
It's not just the first word; every word in the linked list is the same word (the last one read). cword gets 46 bytes of memory at a specific address here char *cword = malloc(sizeof(char)*46);. Every word from dictionary is read into that same address.

timerfd mysteriously set int to 0 when read()

I am doing an timerfd hello world in ubuntu 14.04, but got a strange situation: the int count is reset after read timerfd but uint64_int not.
int main(int agrc, char **argv) {
unsigned int heartbeat_interval = 1;
struct itimerspec next_timer;
struct timespec now;
if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &now) == -1)
err_sys((WHERE + std::string("timer error")).c_str());
next_timer.it_value.tv_sec = now.tv_sec;
next_timer.it_value.tv_nsec = 0;
next_timer.it_interval.tv_sec = heartbeat_interval;
next_timer.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
int timefd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0);
if (timerfd_settime(timefd, TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME, &next_timer, NULL) == -1) {
err_sys((WHERE).c_str());
}
uint64_t s;
int exp;
int count = 1;
uint64_t count1=0;
while (1) {
s = read(timefd, &exp, sizeof(uint64_t));
if (s != sizeof(uint64_t)) {
err_sys((WHERE).c_str());
}
}
}
int exp;
^^^
s = read(timefd, &exp, sizeof(uint64_t));
^^^ ^^^^^^^^
Unless your int and uint64_t types are the same size, this is a very bad idea. What's most likely happening is that the 64 bits you're reading are overwriting exp and whatever else happens to be next to it on the stack.
Actually, even if they are the same size, it's a bad idea. What you should have is something like:
s = read(timefd, &exp, sizeof(exp));
That way, you're guaranteed to never overwrite the data and your next line would catch the problem for you:
if (s != sizeof(uint64_t)) {
It won't solve the problem that an unsigned integral type and an integral type will be treated differently but you can fix that just by using the right type for exp.

Deleting data from a linked list using pointers

I was trying to come up with a program that will use a linked list to read data off a file and delete grades that are under 50%. I came up with this code but it gives me the error "type float' argument given todelete', expected pointer". Please help if you can.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
struct node
{
int id;
char name[10];
float grade;
struct node * next;
};
void build_link(struct node * ap);
void happy (struct node * bp);
void delete_fail (struct node *np);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct node head;
head.next = NULL;
build_link( &head);
happy(head.next);
delete_fail (head.next);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
void build_link(struct node * tmp)
{
int nu_id;
char nu_nam[10];
float nu_grade;
struct node * np;
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("Student.txt","r");
while (fscanf( fp,"%d %s %f", &nu_id, nu_nam, &nu_grade ) != EOF)
{
np = (struct node *) malloc ( sizeof (struct node) );
strcpy (np->name,nu_nam);
np->id = nu_id;
np->grade = nu_grade;
np->next = NULL;
tmp->next = np;
tmp = tmp->next;
}
}
void happy(struct node *np)
{
while (np != NULL)
{
printf(" %d %s %f \n", np->id, np->name, np->grade);
np = np->next;
}
}
void delete_fail(struct node* grade)
{
node *np;
if(np == NULL)
printf("\nElement not found");
else
{
This is where my problem lies. I am not sure how to fix this part right here.
if( np->grade <50 )
np->grade = delete(np->grade);**
else
if(np->grade > 60)
np->grade = np->grade;
}
}

Having trouble adding characters to a linked list structure?

I am currently unsuccessful at being prompt to add a char for my current program. I am able to add a digit but it will post the prompt to add a character but skips to input portion and directly asks me if I want to continue.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
main()
{
struct node
{
int num;
char gender[3];
struct node *ptr;
};
typedef struct node NODE;
NODE *head, *first, *temp = 0;
int count = 0;
int choice = 1;
first = 0;
while (choice)
{
head = (NODE *)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
printf("Enter the Student Identification Number\n");
scanf("%d", &head-> num);
printf("Enter the Student gender (M)or(F)\n");
scanf("%c", &head-> gender);
if (first != 0)
{
temp->ptr = head;
temp = head;
}else
{
first = temp = head;
}
fflush(stdin);
printf("Would you like to do another entry(Type No(0) or Yes(1))?\n");
scanf("%d", &choice);
}
temp->ptr = 0;
/* reset temp to the beginning */
temp = first;
printf("\nStudent Information\n");
while (temp != 0)
{
printf("Student ID number: %d\n", temp->num);
printf("Student gender: %c\n", temp->gender);
count++;
temp = temp -> ptr;
}
printf("No. of Students inputted into system: %d\n", count);
}

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