Problem
I have 4 graphs that I want to display using grid.arrange(). When I display them individually, they look like this:
But when I use grid.arrange(), they become distorted
with them individually looking like
Specific Issues:
The x-axis labels do not scale and overlap, making them unreadable.
The subtitles get cutoff.
Goal
I want to reproduce each plot exactly like the first ideal case in a grid with grid.arrange(). One possible way might be to convert each plot to an image and then use grid.arrange() but I don't know how to do this.
Reproducible Example
Below is an example reproducible code that shows the problem I am having.
p1 <- ggplot(subset(mtcars, cyl = 4), aes(wt, mpg, colour = cyl)) + geom_point() + labs(title = "TITLE-TITLE-TITLE-TITLE-TITLE-TITLE", subtitle = "-subtitle-subtitle-subtitle-subtitle-subtitle-subtitle-subtitle-") +theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),plot.subtitle = element_text(hjust = 0.5))
p2 <- ggplot(subset(mtcars, cyl = 4), aes(wt, mpg, colour = cyl)) + geom_point() + labs(title = "TITLE-TITLE-TITLE-TITLE-TITLE-TITLE", subtitle = "-subtitle-subtitle-subtitle-subtitle-subtitle-subtitle-subtitle-") +theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),plot.subtitle = element_text(hjust = 0.5))
grid.arrange(p1, p2, ncol = 2)
When you display those graphs individually they simply have more space. So, those are natural distortions and there are perhaps only three ways to solve that.
When exporting the combined graph, make it big enough. If the individual one looks good in 6x5 inches, then surely the combined one will look good in 12x10 inches.
Give correspondingly less space for the problematic parts: x-axis labels and the subtitle. For instance, use something like element_text(size = 6) for plot.subtitle and axis.title.x, add \n to the subtitles and even x-axis labels, try something like element_text(angle = 30) for the latter as well.
Get rid of something unnecessary. As #Richard Telford suggests in the comments, using facet_wrap should work better. That would be due to, e.g., not repeating the y-axis labels and, hence, giving more horizontal space.
Related
I’m trying to use facet_wrap in r with 4 plots that have different x-axis. I used scales = “free” which was helpful, but most of the plots touch the top of the graph. I would like there to be space above the tallest bar of the graph, so it doesn’t look like it’s going off above the limit of the graph. I hope that makes sense - this is my first time posting a question here. I have provided the code that I have and a screenshot of one of the graphs. I haven't been able to find any sort of fix without using cow plot which is a bit more advanced than I would like.
Code:
wrap_plot <- df %>% ggplot(aes(x=Race, y = Rate, fill = Sex))+
geom_col(position = "dodge")+
labs(x = "Race/Ethnicity",
y = "Rate per 100,000 population")+
theme_classic()+
facet_wrap(~Disease, scales = "free")+
scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0, 0))
I've created a ggplot2 graph using the basic code below:
my_df %>%
ggplot(aes(conv_norm, vot_norm, color = language:poa)) +
geom_smooth(method = "glm", se=FALSE) +
theme(
...
)
[I've left out the formatting commands from the theme() layer]
And I got a graph that looks like this:
Now, my question is: how can I add extra space only in between two legend items? I've looked online and have found ways to increase the spacing between all items in the legend, but I only want extra spacing between the English items and the Spanish items. Is there a way to add a 1-in distance between these language groups?
Well, I don't know of an elegant, simple solution to do what you are asking to do... but by working with how legends are drawn and adjusting some of the elements, we can come up with a really "hacky" solution. ;)
Here's a sample dataset that kind of simulates what you shared, along with the plot:
set.seed(12345)
my_df <- data.frame(
lang = rep(c(paste('English',1:3), paste('Spanish',1:3)),2),
x = c(rep(0,6), rep(1,6)),
y = rnorm(12, 10,2))
library(ggplot2)
p <- ggplot(my_df, aes(x,y, color=lang)) + geom_line()
p
The approach here is going to be to combine all the following individual steps:
Add a "blank" legend entry. We do this by refactoring and specifying the levels of the column mydf$lang to include a blank entry in the correct position. This will be the final order of the items in the legend.
Use scale_color_manual() to set the colors of the legend items manually. I make sure to use "NA" for the blank entry.
Within scale_color_manual() I use the drop=FALSE setting. This includes all levels for a factor, even if there is no data on the plot to show. This makes our blank entry show on the legend.
Use the legend.background theme element to draw transparent boxes for the legend key items. This is so that you don't have a white or gray box for that blank entry.
Putting it all together you get this:
my_df$lang <- factor(my_df$lang, levels=c(paste('English',1:3), '', paste('Spanish',1:3)))
ggplot(my_df, aes(x,y, color=lang)) +
geom_line() +
scale_color_manual(
values=c(rainbow(6)[1:3], 'NA', rainbow(6)[4:6]),
drop=FALSE) +
theme( legend.key = element_rect(fill='NA') )
Alternatively, you could use guides(color=guide_legend(override.aes... to set the colors, but you need the drop=FALSE part within scale_color_manual() get the blank level to draw in the legend anyway.
Another option would be to create two separate legends. Either by using two different aesthetics, or you can use color twice, e.g with ggnewscale - thanks to user chemdork123 for the fake data +1.
library(tidyverse)
library(ggnewscale)
set.seed(12345)
my_df <- data.frame(
lang = rep(c(paste('English',1:3), paste('Spanish',1:3)),2),
x = c(rep(0,6), rep(1,6)),
y = rnorm(12, 10,2))
ggplot(mapping = aes(x,y)) +
geom_line(data = filter(my_df, grepl("English", lang)), aes(color=lang)) +
scale_color_brewer(NULL, palette = "Dark2") +
new_scale_colour() +
geom_line(data = filter(my_df, grepl("Spanish", lang)), aes(color=lang)) +
scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1") +
guides(color = guide_legend(order = 1))
Created on 2021-04-11 by the reprex package (v1.0.0)
I'm wondering how I can manipulate the size of strip text in facetted plots. My question
is similar to a question on plot titles, but I'm specifically concerned with
manipulating not the plot title but the text that appears in facet titles (strip_h).
As an example, consider the mpg dataset.
library(ggplot2)
qplot(hwy, cty, data = mpg) + facet_grid( . ~ manufacturer)
The resulting output produces some facet titles that don't fit in the strip.
I'm thinking there must be a way to use grid to deal with the strip text. But I'm
still a novice and wasn't sure from the grid appendix in Hadley's book how,
precisely, to do it.
You can modify strip.text.x (or strip.text.y) using theme_text(), for instance
qplot(hwy, cty, data = mpg) +
facet_grid(. ~ manufacturer) +
opts(strip.text.x = theme_text(size = 8, colour = "red", angle = 90))
Update: for ggplot2 version > 0.9.1
qplot(hwy, cty, data = mpg) +
facet_grid(. ~ manufacturer) +
theme(strip.text.x = element_text(size = 8, colour = "red", angle = 90))
Nowadays the usage of opts and theme_text seems to be deprecated. R suggests to use theme and element_text. A solution to the answer can be found here: http://wiki.stdout.org/rcookbook/Graphs/Facets%20%28ggplot2%29/#modifying-facet-label-text
qplot(hwy, cty, data = mpg) +
facet_grid(. ~ manufacturer) +
theme(strip.text.x = element_text(size = 8, colour = "red", angle = 90))
I guess in the example of mpg changing the rotation angle and font size is fine, but in many cases you might find yourself with variables that have quite lengthy labels, and it can become a pain in the neck (literally) to try read rotated lengthy labels.
So in addition (or complement) to changing angles and sizes, I usually reformat the labels of the factors that define the facet_grid whenever they can be split in a way that makes sense.
Typically if I have a dataset$variable with strings that looks like
c("median_something", "aggregated_average_x","error","something_else")
I simply do:
reformat <– function(x,lab="\n"){ sapply(x, function(c){ paste(unlist(strsplit(as.character(c) , split="_")),collapse=lab) }) }
[perhaps there are better definitions of reformat but at least this one works fine.]
dataset$variable <- factor(dataset$variable, labels=reformat(dataset$variable, lab='\n')
And upon facetting, all labels will be very readable:
ggplot(data=dataset, aes(x,y)) + geom_point() + facet_grid(. ~ variable)
I have a really simple question, which I am struggling to find the answer to. I hoped someone here might be able to help me.
An example dataframe is presented below:
a <- c(1:10)
b <- c(10:1)
df <- data.frame(a,b)
library(ggplot2)
g = ggplot(data=df) + geom_point(aes(x=a, y=b)) +
xlab("x axis")
g
I just want to learn how I change the text size of the axes titles and the axes labels.
You can change axis text and label size with arguments axis.text= and axis.title= in function theme(). If you need, for example, change only x axis title size, then use axis.title.x=.
g+theme(axis.text=element_text(size=12),
axis.title=element_text(size=14,face="bold"))
There is good examples about setting of different theme() parameters in ggplot2 page.
I think a better way to do this is to change the base_size argument. It will increase the text sizes consistently.
g + theme_grey(base_size = 22)
As seen here.
If you are creating many graphs, you could be tired of typing for each graph the lines of code controlling for the size of the titles and texts. What I typically do is creating an object (of class "theme" "gg") that defines the desired theme characteristics. You can do that at the beginning of your code.
My_Theme = theme(
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 16),
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 14),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 16))
Next, all you will have to do is adding My_Theme to your graphs.
g + My_Theme
if you have another graph, g1, just write:
g1 + My_Theme
and so on.
To change the size of (almost) all text elements, in one place, and synchronously, rel() is quite efficient:
g+theme(text = element_text(size=rel(3.5))
You might want to tweak the number a bit, to get the optimum result. It sets both the horizontal and vertical axis labels and titles, and other text elements, on the same scale. One exception is faceted grids' titles which must be manually set to the same value, for example if both x and y facets are used in a graph:
theme(text = element_text(size=rel(3.5)),
strip.text.x = element_text(size=rel(3.5)),
strip.text.y = element_text(size=rel(3.5)))
My input file is here on PasteBin.
My current graph code is:
#Input and data formatting
merg_agg_creek<-read.table("merged aggregated creek.txt",header=TRUE)
library(ggplot2)
library(grid)
source("http://egret.psychol.cam.ac.uk/statistics/R/extensions/rnc_ggplot2_border_themes.r")
CombinedCreek<-data.frame(merg_agg_creek)
Combined<-CombinedCreek[order(CombinedCreek[,2]),]
Combined$Creek <- factor(rep(c('Culvert Creek','North Silcox','South Silcox','Yucca Pen'),c(32,57,51,31)))
Combined$Creek<-factor(Combined$Creek,levels(Combined$Creek)[c(1,4,3,2)])
#The Graph Code
creek <-ggplot(Combined,aes(Month,Density,color=factor(Year),shape=factor(Year)))+scale_color_discrete("Year")+scale_shape_discrete("Year")
creek<-creek + facet_grid(Creek~. ,scales = "free_y")
creek <- creek + geom_jitter(position = position_jitter(width = .3))
creek<-creek+scale_color_grey("Year",end=.6)+theme_bw()
creek<-creek+scale_y_continuous(expression("Number of prey captured " (m^2) ^-1))
creek<-creek+opts( panel.border = theme_L_border() )+ opts(axis.line = theme_segment())
creek<-creek+opts(panel.grid.minor = theme_blank())+opts(panel.grid.major = theme_blank())
creek<-creek+scale_x_discrete("Month",breaks=c(2,5,8,11),labels=c("February","May","August","November"))
creek
The resulting graph is:
Graph
My issue is that by creating the breaks and labels in "scale_x_discrete", a large gap exists on the righthand side of the plot, between the data in December and the facet labels. I tried eliminating this gap by adding "limits=c(0,13)" to the "scale_x_discrete: command, but the resulting graph destroys the x-labels.
How do I remove that gap? Is there something fundamentally flawed in my plot creation?
Thanks!
EDIT: Didzis answered the question below. I just need to change from scale_x_discrete to scale_x_continuous
As the Month in your data is numerical, try replace
scale_x_discrete("Month",breaks=c(2,5,8,11),labels=c("February","May","August","November"))
with
scale_x_continuous("Month",breaks=c(2,5,8,11),labels=c("February","May","August","November"))
leaving all other parameters the same
You need to use the expand argument in the scale. I think the extra space might be due to the jitter, but if you give it a -2 it goes all the way to the edge. Almost seems like a bug that it's padding so much.
ggplot(Combined,aes(Month,Density,color=factor(Year),shape=factor(Year))) +
scale_shape_discrete("Year") +
facet_grid(Creek~. ,scales = "free_y") +
geom_jitter(position = position_jitter(width = .3)) +
scale_color_grey("Year",end=.6) +
theme_bw() +
scale_y_continuous(expression("Number of prey captured " (m^2) ^-1))+
scale_x_discrete("Month",breaks=c(2,5,8,11),labels=c("February","May","August","November"), expand= c(0,-2)) +
theme(
panel.grid.major=element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor=element_blank()
)