I am running quantile regressions for several independent variables separately (same dependent). I want to plot only the slope estimates over several quantiles of each variable in a single plot.
Here's a toy data:
set.seed(1988)
y <- rnorm(50, 5, 3)
x1 <- rnorm(50, 3, 1)
x2 <- rnorm(50, 1, 0.5)
# Running Quantile Regression
require(quantreg)
fit1 <- summary(rq(y~x1, tau=1:9/10), se="boot")
fit2 <- summary(rq(y~x2, tau=1:9/10), se="boot")
I want to plot only the slope estimates over quantiles. Hence, I am giving parm=2 in plot.
plot(fit1, parm=2)
plot(fit2, parm=2)
Now, I want to combine both these plots in a single page.
What I have tried so far;
I tried setting par(mfrow=c(2,2)) and plotting them. But it's producing a blank page.
I have tried using gridExtra and gridGraphics without success. Tried to convert base graphs into Grob objects as stated here
Tried using function layout function as in this document
I am trying to look into the source code of plot.rqs. But I am unable to understand how it's plotting confidence bands (I'm able to plot only the coefficients over quantiles) or to change mfrow parameter there.
Can anybody point out where am I going wrong? Should I look into the source code of plot.rqs and change any parameters there?
While quantreg::plot.summary.rqs has an mfrow parameter, it uses it to override par('mfrow') so as to facet over parm values, which is not what you want to do.
One alternative is to parse the objects and plot manually. You can pull the tau values and coefficient matrix out of fit1 and fit2, which are just lists of values for each tau, so in tidyverse grammar,
library(tidyverse)
c(fit1, fit2) %>% # concatenate lists, flattening to one level
# iterate over list and rbind to data.frame
map_dfr(~cbind(tau = .x[['tau']], # from each list element, cbind the tau...
coef(.x) %>% # ...and the coefficient matrix,
data.frame(check.names = TRUE) %>% # cleaned a little
rownames_to_column('term'))) %>%
filter(term != '(Intercept)') %>% # drop intercept rows
# initialize plot and map variables to aesthetics (positions)
ggplot(aes(x = tau, y = Value,
ymin = Value - Std..Error,
ymax = Value + Std..Error)) +
geom_ribbon(alpha = 0.5) +
geom_line(color = 'blue') +
facet_wrap(~term, nrow = 2) # make a plot for each value of `term`
Pull more out of the objects if you like, add the horizontal lines of the original, and otherwise go wild.
Another option is to use magick to capture the original images (or save them with any device and reread them) and manually combine them:
library(magick)
plots <- image_graph(height = 300) # graphics device to capture plots in image stack
plot(fit1, parm = 2)
plot(fit2, parm = 2)
dev.off()
im1 <- image_append(plots, stack = TRUE) # attach images in stack top to bottom
image_write(im1, 'rq.png')
The function plot used by quantreg package has it's own mfrow parameter. If you do not specify it, it enforces some option which it chooses on it's own (and thus overrides your par(mfrow = c(2,2)).
Using the mfrow parameter within plot.rqs:
# make one plot, change the layout
plot(fit1, parm = 2, mfrow = c(2,1))
# add a new plot
par(new = TRUE)
# create a second plot
plot(fit2, parm = 2, mfrow = c(2,1))
Related
When undertaking regression modelling it is useful to produce added variable plots for the explanatory variables in the model, to check whether the posited relationships to the response variable are appropriate to the data. The avPlots function in the car package in R takes a model input, and produces a grid of added-variable plots using the base graphics system. This function is extremely user-friendly, insofar as all you need to do is put in the model object as an argument, and it automatically produces all the added variable plots for each explanatory variable. This matrix of plots contains all the desired information, but unfortunately the plots look poor, owing to the fact that it uses the base graphics system rather than the ggplot2 package. For example, using data found here (downloaded as the file Trucking.csv) here is the output of the avPlots function.
#Load required libraries
library(car);
#Import data, fit model, and show AV plots
DATA <- read.csv('Trucking.csv');
MODEL <- lm(log(PRICPTM) ~ DISTANCE + PCTLOAD + ORIGIN + MARKET + DEREG + PRODUCT,
data = DATA);
avPlots(MODEL);
Question: Is there an equivalent function in ggplot2 that produces a matrix of each of the added-variable plots for a model, but with "prettier" plots? Is it possible to produce these plots, but then customise them using standard ggplot syntax?
I am not aware of any automated function that produces the added variable plots using ggplot. However, as well as giving a plot output as a side-effect of the function call, the avPlots function produces an object that is a list containing the data values used in each of the added variable plots. It is relatively simple to extract data frames of these variables and use these to generate added variable plots using ggplot. This can be done for a general model object using the following functions.
avPlots.invis <- function(MODEL, ...) {
ff <- tempfile()
png(filename = ff)
OUT <- car::avPlots(MODEL, ...)
dev.off()
unlink(ff)
OUT }
ggAVPLOTS <- function(MODEL, YLAB = NULL) {
#Extract the information for AV plots
AVPLOTS <- avPlots.invis(MODEL)
K <- length(AVPLOTS)
#Create the added variable plots using ggplot
GGPLOTS <- vector('list', K)
for (i in 1:K) {
DATA <- data.frame(AVPLOTS[[i]])
GGPLOTS[[i]] <- ggplot2::ggplot(aes_string(x = colnames(DATA)[1],
y = colnames(DATA)[2]),
data = DATA) +
geom_point(colour = 'blue') +
geom_smooth(method = 'lm', se = FALSE,
color = 'red', formula = y ~ x, linetype = 'dashed') +
xlab(paste0('Predictor Residual \n (',
names(DATA)[1], ' | others)')) +
ylab(paste0('Response Residual \n (',
ifelse(is.null(YLAB),
paste0(names(DATA)[2], ' | others'), YLAB), ')')) }
#Return output object
GGPLOTS }
The function ggAVPLOTS will take an input model and produce a list of ggplot objects for each of the added variable plots. These have been constructed to give "pretty" plots with blue points and a dashed red regression line through each plot. If you want all the added variable plots to show up in a single plot, it is relatively simple to do this using the grid.arrange function in the gridExtra package. Below we apply this to your model and show the resulting plot.
#Produce matrix of added variable plots
library(gridExtra)
PLOTS <- ggAVPLOTS(MODEL)
K <- length(PLOTS)
NCOL <- ceiling(sqrt(K))
AVPLOTS <- do.call("arrangeGrob", c(PLOTS, ncol = NCOL, top = 'Added Variable Plots'))
ggsave('AV Plots - Trucking.jpg', width = 10, height = 10)
It is possible to make whatever alterations you want to these plots in the ggplot code above, so if a user prefers to change the colours, font sizes, etc., this is done using standard syntax in ggplot. This method works by importing the data for the added variable plots from the avPlots function, but once you have done that, you can use this data to produce any kind of plot.
Hi so i am trying to plot my nmds of a assemblage data which is in a bray-curtis dissimilarity matrix in R. I have been able to apply ordielipse(),ordihull() and even change the colours based on group factors created by cutree() of a hclst()
e.g using the dune data from the vegan package
data(dune)
Dune.dis <- vegdist(Dune, method = "bray)
Dune.mds <- metaMDS(Dune, distance = "bray", k=2)
#hierarchical cluster
clua <- hclust(Dune.dis, "average")
plot(clua, hang = -1)
# set groupings
rect.hclust(clua, 4)
grp <- cutree(clua, 4)
#plot mds
plot(Dune.mds, display = "sites", type = "text", cex = 1.5)
#show groupings
ordielipse(Dune.mds, group = grp, border =1, col ="red", lwd = 3)
or even colour the points just by the cutree
colvec <- c("red2", "cyan", "deeppink3", "green3")
colvec[grp]
plot(Dune.mds, display = "sites", type = "text", cex = 1.5) #or use type = "points"
points(P4.mds, col = colvec[c2], bg =colvec[c2], pch=21)
However what i really want to do is use the SIMPROF function using the package "clustsig" to then colour the points based on significant groupings - this is more of a technical coding language thing - i am sure there is a way to create a string of factors but i am sure there is a more efficient way to do it
heres my code so far for that:
simp <- simprof(Dune.dis, num.expected = 1000, num.simulated = 999, method.cluster = "average", method.distance = "braycurtis", alpha = 0.05, sample.orientation = "row")
#plot dendrogram
simprof.plot(simp, plot = TRUE)
Now i am just not sure how do the next step to plot the nmds using the groupings defined by the SIMPROF - how do i make the SIMPROF results a factor string without literally typing it my self it myself?
Thanks in advance.
You wrote you know how to get colours from an hclust object with cutree. Then read the documentation of clustsig::simprof. This says that simprof returns an hclust object within its result object. It also returns numgroups which is the suggested number of clusters. Now you have all information you need to use the cutree of hclust you already know. If your simprof result is called simp, use cutree(simp$hclust, simp$numgroups) to extract the integer vector corresponding to the clustsig::simprof result, and use this to colours.
I have never used simprof or clustsig, but I gathered all this information from its documentation.
I'm plotting some Q-Q plots using the qqplot function. It's very convenient to use, except that I want to color the data points based on their IDs. For example:
library(qualityTools)
n=(rnorm(n=500, m=1, sd=1) )
id=c(rep(1,250),rep(2,250))
myData=data.frame(x=n,y=id)
qqPlot(myData$x, "normal",confbounds = FALSE)
So the plot looks like:
I need to color the dots based on their "id" values, for example blue for the ones with id=1, and red for the ones with id=2. I would greatly appreciate your help.
You can try setting col = myData$y. I'm not sure how the qqPlot function works from that package, but if you're not stuck with using that function, you can do this in base R.
Using base R functions, it would look something like this:
# The example data, as generated in the question
n <- rnorm(n=500, m=1, sd=1)
id <- c(rep(1,250), rep(2,250))
myData <- data.frame(x=n,y=id)
# The plot
qqnorm(myData$x, col = myData$y)
qqline(myData$x, lty = 2)
Not sure how helpful the colors will be due to the overplotting in this particular example.
Not used qqPlot before, but it you want to use it, there is a way to achieve what you want. It looks like the function invisibly passes back the data used in the plot. That means we can do something like this:
# Use qqPlot - it generates a graph, but ignore that for now
plotData <- qqPlot(myData$x, "normal",confbounds = FALSE, col = sample(colors(), nrow(myData)))
# Given that you have the data generated, you can create your own plot instead ...
with(plotData, {
plot(x, y, col = ifelse(id == 1, "red", "blue"))
abline(int, slope)
})
Hope that helps.
I am trying to visualize some data and in order to do it I am using R's hist.
Bellow are my data
jancoefabs <- as.numeric(as.vector(abs(Janmodelnorm$coef)))
jancoefabs
[1] 1.165610e+00 1.277929e-01 4.349831e-01 3.602961e-01 7.189458e+00
[6] 1.856908e-04 1.352052e-05 4.811291e-05 1.055744e-02 2.756525e-04
[11] 2.202706e-01 4.199914e-02 4.684091e-02 8.634340e-01 2.479175e-02
[16] 2.409628e-01 5.459076e-03 9.892580e-03 5.378456e-02
Now as the more cunning of you might have guessed these are the absolute values of some model's coefficients.
What I need is an histogram that will have for axes:
x will be the number (count or length) of coefficients which is 19 in total, along with their names.
y will show values of each column (as breaks?) having a ylim="" set, according to min and max of those values (or something similar).
Note that Janmodelnorm$coef simply produces the following
(Intercept) LON LAT ME RAT
1.165610e+00 -1.277929e-01 -4.349831e-01 -3.602961e-01 -7.189458e+00
DS DSA DSI DRNS DREW
-1.856908e-04 1.352052e-05 4.811291e-05 -1.055744e-02 -2.756525e-04
ASPNS ASPEW SI CUR W_180_270
-2.202706e-01 -4.199914e-02 4.684091e-02 -8.634340e-01 -2.479175e-02
W_0_360 W_90_180 W_0_180 NDVI
2.409628e-01 5.459076e-03 -9.892580e-03 -5.378456e-02
So far and consulting ?hist, I am trying to play with the code bellow without success. Therefore I am taking it from scratch.
# hist(jancoefabs, col="lightblue", border="pink",
# breaks=8,
# xlim=c(0,10), ylim=c(20,-20), plot=TRUE)
When plot=FALSE is set, I get a bunch of somewhat useful info about the set. I also find hard to use breaks argument efficiently.
Any suggestion will be appreciated. Thanks.
Rather than using hist, why not use a barplot or a standard plot. For example,
## Generate some data
set.seed(1)
y = rnorm(19, sd=5)
names(y) = c("Inter", LETTERS[1:18])
Then plot the cofficients
barplot(y)
Alternatively, you could use a scatter plot
plot(1:19, y, axes=FALSE, ylim=c(-10, 10))
axis(2)
axis(1, 1:19, names(y))
and add error bars to indicate the standard errors (see for example Add error bars to show standard deviation on a plot in R)
Are you sure you want a histogram for this? A lattice barchart might be pretty nice. An example with the mtcars built-in data set.
> coef <- lm(mpg ~ ., data = mtcars)$coef
> library(lattice)
> barchart(coef, col = 'lightblue', horizontal = FALSE,
ylim = range(coef), xlab = '',
scales = list(y = list(labels = coef),
x = list(labels = names(coef))))
A base R dotchart might be good too,
> dotchart(coef, pch = 19, xlab = 'value')
> text(coef, seq(coef), labels = round(coef, 3), pos = 2)
I'd like to superpose a histogram and an xyplot representing the cumulative distribution function using r's lattice package.
I've tried to accomplish this with custom panel functions, but can't seem to get it right--I'm getting hung up on one plot being univariate and one being bivariate I think.
Here's an example with the two plots I want stacked vertically:
set.seed(1)
x <- rnorm(100, 0, 1)
discrete.cdf <- function(x, decreasing=FALSE){
x <- x[order(x,decreasing=FALSE)]
result <- data.frame(rank=1:length(x),x=x)
result$cdf <- result$rank/nrow(result)
return(result)
}
my.df <- discrete.cdf(x)
chart.hist <- histogram(~x, data=my.df, xlab="")
chart.cdf <- xyplot(100*cdf~x, data=my.df, type="s",
ylab="Cumulative Percent of Total")
graphics.off()
trellis.device(width = 6, height = 8)
print(chart.hist, split = c(1,1,1,2), more = TRUE)
print(chart.cdf, split = c(1,2,1,2))
I'd like these superposed in the same frame, rather than stacked.
The following code doesn't work, nor do any of the simple variations of it that I have tried:
xyplot(cdf~x,data=cdf,
panel=function(...){
panel.xyplot(...)
panel.histogram(~x)
})
You were on the right track with your custom panel function. The trick is passing the correct arguments to the panel.- functions. For panel.histogram, this means not passing a formula and supplying an appropriate value to the breaks argument:
EDIT Proper percent values on y-axis and type of plots
xyplot(100*cdf~x,data=my.df,
panel=function(...){
panel.histogram(..., breaks = do.breaks(range(x), nint = 8),
type = "percent")
panel.xyplot(..., type = "s")
})
This answer is just a placeholder until a better answer comes.
The hist() function from the graphics package has an option called add. The following does what you want in the "classical" way:
plot( my.df$x, my.df$cdf * 100, type= "l" )
hist( my.df$x, add= T )