My localhost running on http://localhost:8080. Now, I have a requirement like this, whenever I type http://www.mywebsite.com, it should load my localhost and if I type https://www.mywebsite.com, it should load the live website.
To achieve this I tried the hosts(/etc/hosts) file and Nginx but it also stops loading the live website in my system.
Host file content:
127.0.0.1 www.mywebsite.com
nginx config
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.mywebsite.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
}
Completely agree with the other answers, mapping from nginx on a remote host to your localhost can be difficult unless you know the public IP address of your local machine, ideally it should be static.
Alternatives
I would encourage giving a try to some proxy tools that can be installed on your local machine, i.e. Charles Proxy and its Map Remote feature.
Once installed, follow these steps:
Install and trust the root certificate Help -> SSL Proxying -> Install Charles Root Certificate
Enable Map Remote feature Tools -> Map Remote -> [x] Enable Map Remote
Add a new rule, e.g. http://www.mywebsite.com -> http://localhost:8080
Now you're ready to test:
Navigate to http://www.mywebsite.com (you should see results from your localhost, proxy took over)
Navigate to https://www.mywebsite.com (you should see results from your remote server)
Map Remote - Rule
Map Remote - Result
You need several pieces to make this work. Thinking through the steps of how a request could be handled:
DNS for www.mywebsite.com points to a single IP, there's no way around that. So all requests for that host, no matter the protocol, will come in to the machine with that IP, the public server.
So we need to route those requests, such that a) https requests are handled by nginx on that same machine (the public server), and b) http requests are forwarded to your local machine. nginx can do a) of course, that's a normal config, and nginx can also do b), as a reverse proxy.
Now the problem is how to route traffic from the public server to your local machine, which is probably at home behind a dynamic IP and a router doing NAT. There are services to do this but to use your own domain is usually a paid feature (eg check out ngrok, I guess Traefik probably handles this too, not sure). To do it yourself you can use a reverse SSH tunnel.
To be clear, this routes any request for http://www.mywebsite.com/ to your local machine, not just your own requests. Everyone who visits the http version of that site will end up hitting your local machine, at least while the tunnel is up.
For 1, you just need your DNS set up normally, with a single DNS record for www.mywebsite.com. You don't need any /etc/hosts tricks, remove those (and maybe reboot, to make sure they're not cached and complicating things).
For 2, your nginx config on the public server would look something like this:
# First the http server, which will route requests to your local machine
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.mywebsite.com;
location / {
# Route all http requests to port 8080 on this same server (the
# public server), which we will forward back to your localhost
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
}
# Now the https server, handled by this, public server
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.mywebsite.com;
# SSL config stuff ...
# Normal nginx config ...
root /var/www/html
location / {
# ... etc, your site config
}
}
The nginx config on your local machine should just be a normal http server listening on port 8080 (the port you mentioned it is running on). No proxying, nothing special here.
For 3), lastly, we need to open a tunnel from your local machine to the public server. If you are on Linux, or macOS, you can do that from the command line with something like this:
ssh user#www.mywebsite.com -nNT -R :8080:localhost:8080 &
If you're on Windows you could use something like PuTTY or the built in SSH client on Win 10.
The important parts of this are (copied from the SSH manpage):
-N Do not execute a remote command. This is useful for just forwarding ports.
-R Specifies that connections to the given TCP port or Unix socket on the remote
(server) host are to be forwarded to the local side.
The -R part specifies that connections to remote port 8080 (where nginx is routing http requests) should be forwarded to localhost port 8080 (your local machine). The ports can be anything of course, eg if you wanted to use port 5050 on your public server and port 80 on your local machine, it would instead look like -R :5050:localhost:80.
Of course the tunnel will fail if your public IP address (on your localhost side) changes, or if you reboot, or your local wifi goes down, etc etc ...
NOTE: you should also be aware that you really are opening your local machine up to the public internet, so will be subject to all the same security risks that any server on the public internet faces, like various scripts probing for vulnerabilities etc. Whenever I use reverse tunnels like this I tend to leave them up only while developing, and shut them down immediately when done (and of course the site will not work when the tunnel is down).
As somebody said above but in different words: I don't really get why you want to access two different locations with basically the same address (different protocols). But dude, who are we to tell you not to do it? Don't let anything or anyone stop you! 😉😁
However, we some times need to think outside the box and come up with different ways to achieve the same result. Why don't you go to your domain provider and set up something like this:
Create a subdomain (check if you need to set an A record for your domain) so you can have something like https://local.example.com/.
Forward the new subdomain to your local IP address (perhaps you need to open/forward ports on you router and install DDClient or a similar service to catch your dynamic local/public IP and send it to your domain provider).
Leave your #/naked record pointing to your website as it is.
Whenever you access: https://www.example.com or http://www.example.com, you'll see your website.
And if you access https://local.example.com or http://local.example.com, you'll access whatever you have on your local computer.
Hope it helps, or at least, gives you a different perspective for a solution.
You have to create or it may be already there in your nginx config files, a section for listen 443 (https).
// 443 is the default port for https
server {
listen 443;
....
}
Whatever solution you pick, it should only work exactly once for you. If you configure your live site correctly, it should do HSTS, and the next time you type "http://www.mywebsite.com" your browser will GET "https://www.mywebsite.com" and your nginx won't even hear about the insecure http request.
But if you really, really want this you can let your local nginx proxy the https site and strip the HSTS headers:
server {
listen 443;
server_name www.mywebsite.com;
proxy_pass https://ip_of_live_server;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
[... strip 'Strict-Transport-Security' ...]
}
Of course you will need your local nginx to serve these TLS sessions with a certificate that your browser trusts. Either adding a self-signed Snake Oil one to your browser, or... since we are implementing bad ideas... add a copy of you live secret key material to your localhost... ;)
You can do this by redirecting HTTP connections on your live site to localhost. First remove the record you have in your hosts file.
Then add the following to your live site's nginx.conf.
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.mywebsite.com;
location / {
# change this to your development machine's IP
if ($remote_addr = 1.2.3.4) {
rewrite ^ http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
}
}
Good day,
I want to connect to my kafka server from the internet. Kafka installed on the virtual server and all servers hidden behind a nginx.
I updated kafka settings (server.properties).
Added: listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9092
I can connect to kafka server from local network via ip address 10.0.0.1:9092, but unable connect from internet by domain name.
Response from kafka: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.kafka.common.errors.TimeoutException: Topic test-topic not present in metadata after 60000 ms.
Nginx: [26/Nov/2019:12:38:25 +0100] "\x00\x00\x00\x14\x00\x12\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" 400 166 "-" "-" "request_time=1.535" "upstream_response_time=-" "upstream_connect_time=-" "upstream_header_time=-"
nginx conf:
server {
listen 9092;
server_name site.name;
# Max Request size
client_max_body_size 20m;
location / {
proxy_pass http://10.0.0.1:9092;
}
}
Does anyone know what the problem is?
Kafka doesn't use http protocol for communication, so it can't be fronted by an HTTP reverse proxy.
You'll have to use nginx stream definition blocks for TCP proxying
(I've not tried this personally)
https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/load-balancer/tcp-udp-load-balancer/
unable connect from internet by domain name.
Sounds like an issue with your advertised.listeners configuration. Note that there is no clear way to "hide" Kafka behind a proxy since your clients are required to communicate directly with each broker individually (therefore defeating the purpose of having
Ngnix unless you want to use one Nginx server or open a new port, per broker), and would therefore also require Kafka to know that it would need to "advertise" the proxy rather than its own address.
If you really want to expose Kafka to the public web, you should really be using SSL/SASL listeners, not PLAINTEXT
If you want to use HTTP, then you can install Kafka REST Proxy, then put Nginx in front of that. Then your clients would use http rather than standard kafka libraries
I know I could use some like this:
stream {
upstream ssh {
server X.X.X.X:22;
}
server {
listen 2222;
proxy_pass ssh;
}
}
to proxy pass incoming traffic to port 2222 to another IP's port 22.
Straightforward. But, is there a way to create a dynamic proxy that accepts final destination's hostname and port as parameters?
Something that could be used like this:
proxy_hostname:8080?destination_hostname=example.com&destination_port=1111
ngx_stream_core_module does not accept url parameters. Could nginx be used as a dymanic proxy or only for static tunneling?
I'm asking this because I need a way to hide the IP of a machine firing php mysql requests.
mysqli_connect($hostname, ...)
right now I cannot specify a proxy for the php script alone, only for the entire machine.
Maybe with a small script and fcgiwrap:
https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/fcgiwrap/
fcgiwrap calls a bash script where you can convert the URI to the program you want to call (mysql) and return the output to nginx as web content.
You could also alter the config of nginx and reload the service. This way you could "dynamicly" open/forward ports. Quite insecure if you make it publicly available.
I'm trying to setup an FTP subdomain, such that all incoming SFTP requests to (say) ftp.myname.com, get routed to a particular internal server, (say) 10.123.456 via port 22.
How do I use nginx to route this traffic?
I've already setup the SFTP server, and can SFTP directly to the server, say:
sftp username#123.456.7890, which works fine.
The problem is that when I setup nginx to route all traffic to ftp.myname.com, it connects, but the passwords get rejected. I have no problems routing web traffic to my other subdomains, say dev.myname.com (with passwords), but it doesn't work for the SFTP traffic:
server {
listen 22;
server_name ftp.myname.com;
return .............
}
How do I define the return sting to route the traffic with the passwords?
The connection is SFTP (via port 22).
Thanks
Aswering to #peixotorms: yes, you can. nginx can proxy/load balance http as well as tcp and udp traffic, see nginx stream modules documentation (at the nginx main documentation page) , and specifically the stream core module's documentation.
You cannot do this on nginx (http only), you must use something like HaProxy and a simple dns record for your subdomain pointing to the server ip.
Some info: http://jpmorris-iso.blogspot.pt/2013/01/load-balancing-openssh-sftp-with-haproxy.html
Edit:
Since nginx version 1.15.2 it's now possible to do that using the variable $ssl_preread_protocol. The official blog added post about how to use this variable for multiplexing HTTPS and SSH on the same port.
https://www.nginx.com/blog/running-non-ssl-protocols-over-ssl-port-nginx-1-15-2/
Example of configuring SSH on an upstream block:
stream {
upstream ssh {
server 192.0.2.1:22;
}
upstream sslweb {
server 192.0.2.2:443;
}
map $ssl_preread_protocol $upstream {
default ssh;
"TLSv1.2" sslweb;
}
# SSH and SSL on the same port
server {
listen 443;
proxy_pass $upstream;
ssl_preread on;
}
}
Theres a server in a customer that runs a nginx, a salt master daemon from saltstack and a secret web app that does secret things.
Considerations:
In this scenario, theres only one ip, only one server and multiple DNS records available;
I have nginx running in port 80;
And salt master running in 6453;
A domain.example.com binding to that IP, exposing my nginx 80 port, that points to the secret webapp;
otherdomain.example.com binding to the same IP, exposing my nginx 80 port, that I want to use to proxy salt port.
That customer has a machine in other place, that does need to connect to the salt and the internet connection is provided by a secret organization and they only allow connections to port 80, no negotiation possible.
My question:
Is possible to use nginx to redirect the otherdomain.example.com 80 port to the 6453 port? I tried the following:
server {
listen 80;
server_name otherdomain.example.com;
proxy_pass 127.0.0.1:6453;
}
But that doesn't work as expected. It is possible? There's some way to do this using nginx?
The error I got from log was:
"proxy_pass" directive is not allowed here
proxy_pass needs to be specified within a location context, and is fundamentally a Web Thing. It only comes into play after the web headers are sent and interpreted.
Things like what you're trying to accomplish are commonly done using HAProxy in tcp mode, although there is a tcp proxy module that also does similar things.
However, I don't think you're going to be very successful, as ZMQ does not participate in the protocol (HTTP Host: headers) that easily allows you to tell the web requests apart from the non-web requests (that come in on the same port).
My recommendation is to either find some way to use another port for this, a second IP address, or write a tricky TCP proxier that'll identify incoming HTTP and/or ZMQ connections and transparently forward them to the correct local port.