Find elements in vector in R - r

Question

A matrix I have has exactly 2 rows and n columns example
c(0,0,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,2)->a1
c(0,2,0,0,0,0,2,1,1,0,0,0,0,2,0)->a2
rbind(a1,a2)->matr
for a specific column ( in this example 9 with 1 in both rows) I do need to find to the left and to the right the first instance of 2/0 or 0/2 - in this example to the left is 2 and the other is 14)
The elements of every row can either be 0,1,2 - nothing else . Is there a way to do that operation on large matrixes (with 2 rows) fast? I need to to it 600k times so speed might be a consideration

Answer 1

library(compiler)
myfun <- cmpfun(function(m, cl) {
li <- ri <- cl
nc <- ncol(m)
repeat {
li <- li - 1
if(li == 0 || ((m[1, li] != 1) && (m[1, li] + m[2, li] == 2))) {
l <- li
break
}
}
repeat {
ri <- ri + 1
if(ri == nc || ((m[1, ri] != 1) && (m[1, ri] + m[2, ri] == 2))) {
r <- ri
break
}
}
c(l, r)
})
and, after taking into account #Martin Morgan's observations,
set.seed(1)
N <- 1000000
test <- rbind(sample(0:2, N, replace = TRUE),
sample(0:2, N, replace = TRUE))
library(microbenchmark)
microbenchmark(myfun(test, N / 2), fun(test, N / 2), foo(test, N / 2),
AWebb(test, N / 2), RHertel(test, N / 2))
# Unit: microseconds
expr min lq mean median uq max neval cld
# myfun(test, N/2) 4.658 20.033 2.237153e+01 22.536 26.022 85.567 100 a
# fun(test, N/2) 36685.750 47842.185 9.762663e+04 65571.546 120321.921 365958.316 100 b
# foo(test, N/2) 2622845.039 3009735.216 3.244457e+06 3185893.218 3369894.754 5170015.109 100 d
# AWebb(test, N/2) 121504.084 142926.590 1.990204e+05 193864.670 209918.770 489765.471 100 c
# RHertel(test, N/2) 65998.733 76805.465 1.187384e+05 86089.980 144793.416 385880.056 100 b
set.seed(123)
test <- rbind(sample(0:2, N, replace = TRUE, prob = c(5, 90, 5)),
sample(0:2, N, replace = TRUE, prob = c(5, 90, 5)))
microbenchmark(myfun(test, N / 2), fun(test, N / 2), foo(test, N / 2),
AWebb(test, N / 2), RHertel(test, N / 2))
# Unit: microseconds
# expr min lq mean median uq max neval cld
# myfun(test, N/2) 81.805 103.732 121.9619 106.459 122.36 307.736 100 a
# fun(test, N/2) 26362.845 34553.968 83582.9801 42325.755 106303.84 403212.369 100 b
# foo(test, N/2) 2598806.742 2952221.561 3244907.3385 3188498.072 3505774.31 4382981.304 100 d
# AWebb(test, N/2) 109446.866 125243.095 199204.1013 176207.024 242577.02 653299.857 100 c
# RHertel(test, N/2) 56045.309 67566.762 125066.9207 79042.886 143996.71 632227.710 100 b

Answer 2

I was slower than #Laterow, but anyhow, this is a similar approach
foo <- function(mtr, targetcol) {
matr1 <- colSums(mtr)
matr2 <- apply(mtr, 2, function(x) x[1]*x[2])
cols <- which(matr1 == 2 & matr2 == 0) - targetcol
left <- cols[cols < 0]
right <- cols[cols > 0]
c(ifelse(length(left) == 0, NA, targetcol + max(left)),
ifelse(length(right) == 0, NA, targetcol + min(right)))
}
foo(matr,9) #2 14

Answer 3

Combine the information by squaring the rows and adding them. The right result should be 4. Then, simply find the first column that is smaller than 9 (rev(which())[1]) and the first column that is larger than 9 (which()[1]).
fun <- function(matr, col){
valid <- which((matr[1,]^2 + matr[2,]^2) == 4)
if (length(valid) == 0) return(c(NA,NA))
left <- valid[rev(which(valid < col))[1]]
right <- valid[which(valid > col)[1]]
c(left,right)
}
fun(matr,9)
# [1] 2 14
fun(matr,1)
# [1] NA 2
fun(matrix(0,nrow=2,ncol=100),9)
# [1] NA NA
Benchmark
set.seed(1)
test <- rbind(sample(0:2,1000000,replace=T),
sample(0:2,1000000,replace=T))
microbenchmark::microbenchmark(fun(test,9))
# Unit: milliseconds
# expr min lq mean median uq max neval
# fun(test, 9) 22.7297 27.21038 30.91314 27.55106 28.08437 51.92393 100
Edit: Thanks to #MatthewLundberg for pointing out a lot of mistakes.

Answer 4

If you are doing this many times, precompute all the locations
loc <- which((a1==2 & a2==0) | (a1==0 & a2==2))
You can then find the first to the left and right with findInterval
i<-findInterval(9,loc);loc[c(i,i+1)]
# [1] 2 14
Note that findInterval is vectorized should you care to specify multiple target columns.

Answer 5

That is an interesting question. Here's how I would address it.
First a vector is defined which contains the product of each column:
a3 <- matr[1,]*matr[2,]
Then we can find the columns with pairs of (0/2) or (2/0) rather easily, since we know that the matrix can only contain the values 0, 1, and 2:
the02s <- which(colSums(matr)==2 & a3==0)
Next we want to find the pairs of (0/2) or (2/0) that are closest to a given column number, on the left and on the right of that column. The column number could be 9, for instance:
thecol <- 9
Now we have basically all we need to find the index (the column number in the matrix) of a combination of (0/2) or (2/0) that is closest to the column thecol. We just need to use the output of findInterval():
pos <- findInterval(thecol,the02s)
pos <- c(pos, pos+1)
pos[pos==0] <- NA # output NA if no column was found on the left
And the result is:
the02s[pos]
# 2 14
So the indices of the closest columns on either side of thecol fulfilling the required condition would be 2 and 14 in this case, and we can confirm that these column numbers both contain one of the relevant combinations:
matr[,14]
#a1 a2
# 0 2
matr[,2]
#a1 a2
# 0 2
Edit: I changed the answer such that NA is returned in the case where no column exists on the left and/or on the right of thecol in the matrix that fulfills the required condition.