Spiral Wrapped Text - r

I saw in LaTeX people wrapping text into a spiral as seen below. I would like to replicate this in R.
I though plotrix's arctext would do this but given enough text it seems to make a circle as seen in the plot (left) below. I can make aspiral line as seen in the plot (right) but can not merge the text and the spiral.
code
txt <- paste(rep("bendy like spaghetti", 10), collapse=" ")
txt2 <- paste(rep("bendy like spaghetti", 20), collapse=" ")
par(mfrow=c(1, 2), mar=rep(.3, 4)+c(0, 0, 1, 0))
library(plotrix)
plot.new()
plot.window(xlim = c(1, 5), ylim = c(2, 4), asp = 1)
arctext(txt, center = c(3, 3), radius = 1.7,
start = 4 * pi / 3, cex = .75, clockwise = FALSE)
title(main = "Arc Text (plotrix)")
theta <- seq(0, 30 * 2 * pi, by = 2 * pi/72)
x <- cos(theta)
y <- sin(theta)
R <- theta/max(theta)
plot.new()
plot.window(xlim = c(-1, 1), ylim = c(-1, 1), asp = 1)
lines(x * R, y * R)
title(main = "A Spiral")
Ideally, the solution would work on n length text, so txt and txt2 above would both make a wrapping spiral but not the same size (txt2 is double the length of txt).
Approaches for grid/ggplot2 and base grapgics are welcomed.


Not perfect but
txt <- paste(rep("bendy like spaghetti", 10), collapse=" ")
txt2 <- paste(rep("bendy like spaghetti", 20), collapse=" ")
tt <- strsplit(txt, '')[[1]]
xx <- 5
par(mfrow = c(1,2), mar = c(0,0,0,0))
plot(-xx:xx, -xx:xx, type = 'n', axes = FALSE, ann = FALSE)
## option 1
r <- rev(seq(0, xx, length.out = length(tt)))
x <- sqrt(r) * cos(2 * pi * r)
y <- sqrt(r) * sin(2 * pi * r)
text(x, y, tt)
## option 2
plot(-xx:xx, -xx:xx, type = 'n', axes = FALSE, ann = FALSE)
srt <- atan2(y, x) * 180 / pi
for (ii in seq_along(tt))
text(x[ii], y[ii], tt[ii], srt = srt[ii] - 90)
Obviously, the distance between letters shrinks the closer you get to the center, so that can be improved.
Also I don't see how you can get around calling text for each new value of srt using this approach since srt isn't a formal argument meaning you couldn't Vectorize(text.default, vectorize.args = 'srt'), but this isn't very slow for the example data.
Additionally, you could just make the data frame and plug that into ggplot.
dd <- data.frame(x, y, srt = srt - 90, tt)
library('ggplot2')
ggplot(dd, aes(x, y)) + geom_text(label = dd$tt, size = 5)
ggplot(dd, aes(x, y)) + geom_text(label = dd$tt, size = 5, angle = dd$srt)


Using spiralize package:
x = seq(0.1, 0.9, length = 10)
text = rep(paste(letters[1:10], collapse = ""), 10)
spiral_initialize()
spiral_track()
spiral_text(x, 0.5, text, facing = "curved_inside")
Using geomtextpath package, borrowing the example on github:
# install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("AllanCameron/geomtextpath")
library(geomtextpath)
t <- seq(5, -1, length.out = 1000) * pi
spiral <- data.frame(x = sin(t) * 1:1000,
y = cos(t) * 1:1000,
text = paste("Like a circle in a spiral,",
"like a wheel within a wheel,",
"never ending or beginning,",
"on an ever spinning reel")
)
ggplot(spiral, aes(x, y, label = text)) +
geom_textpath(size = 7, vjust = 2, text_only = TRUE) +
coord_equal(xlim = c(-1500, 1500), ylim = c(-1500, 1500))

Related

ggplot2 doesn't plot all the points

I am trying to make a graph in ggplot2 of 7 points in the shape of a circle, but trying to graph them only shows me 6 and I don't know why this happens.
The code is the following:
# Function for the points
circleFun <- function(center = c(-1, 1), diameter = 1, npoints = 7) {
r <- diameter / 2
tt <- seq(0, 2 * pi, length.out = npoints)
xx <- center[1] + r * cos(tt)
yy <- center[2] + r * sin(tt)
return(data.frame(x = xx, y = yy))
}
# example with 7 points
ej <-
circleFun(diameter = 50, center = c(50,50), npoints = 7)
# plot
ej |>
ggplot(aes(x = x, y = y)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.4) +
theme_bw()
Does anyone know why this happens?

Rows 1 and 7 are identical, so their points are overlapped. The dot is a bit darker (per your alpha = 0.4). You can make this obvious by adding x = jitter(x) (For demonstration, not that you'd do that in production). I'm not sure what you're expecting to see given the identical data.
If you want 7 distinct points, then I suggest you create n+1 and remove the last (or first) point.
circleFun <- function(center = c(-1, 1), diameter = 1, npoints = 7) {
r <- diameter / 2
tt <- seq(0, 2 * pi, length.out = npoints + 1) # changed
xx <- center[1] + r * cos(tt)
yy <- center[2] + r * sin(tt)
data.frame(x = xx, y = yy)[-1,,drop = FALSE] # changed
}
## unchanged from here on
ej <-
circleFun(diameter = 50, center = c(50,50), npoints = 7)
ej |>
ggplot(aes(x = x, y = y)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.4) +
theme_bw()
(BTW, there is no need for an explicit call to return(.), especially when it is the only end-point of the function and "obvious" based on data flow. It certainly doesn't hurt, but it adds one step on the call stack that adds no value. It may be declarative/self-documenting, and as such this is a style/subjective point.)

How to get a list of eigenvectors in R

When I do the below code on my data, since there are 35 variables the resulting plot is almost useless because of all the overlap. I can't seem to find anywhere that would give me the list of data that's used to make the plot. For instance, I have a factor called avg_sour that has a direction of about 272 degrees and a magnitude of 1. That's one of the few I can actually see. If I had this data in a table, however, I could see clearly what I'm looking for without having to zoom in and out every time. Add to that the fact that this is for a presentation, so I need to be able to make this visible quickly, without them looking at multiple things--but I think I could get away with a crowded graph and a table that explained the crowded portion. Seems like it ought to be simple, but...I'm afraid I haven't found it yet. Any ideas? I can use any package I can find.
ggbiplot(xD4PCA,obs.scale = .1, var.scale = 1,
varname.size = 3, labels.size=6, circle = T, alpha = 0, center = T)+
scale_x_continuous(limits=c(-2,2)) +
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(-2,2))

If your xD4PCA is from prcomp function, then $rotation gives you eigenvectors. See prcomp function - Value.
You may manually choose and add arrows from xD4PCA$rotation[,1:2]
I was working on this with sample data ir.pca, which is just simple prcomp object using iris data, and all these jobs are based on source code of ggbiplot.
pcobj <- ir.pca # change here with your prcomp object
nobs.factor <- sqrt(nrow(pcobj$x) - 1)
d <- pcobj$sdev
u <- sweep(pcobj$x, 2, 1 / (d * nobs.factor), FUN = '*')
v <- pcobj$rotation
choices = 1:2
choices <- pmin(choices, ncol(u))
df.u <- as.data.frame(sweep(u[,choices], 2, d[choices]^obs.scale, FUN='*'))
v <- sweep(v, 2, d^1, FUN='*')
df.v <- as.data.frame(v[, choices])
names(df.u) <- c('xvar', 'yvar')
names(df.v) <- names(df.u)
df.u <- df.u * nobs.factor
r <- sqrt(qchisq(circle.prob, df = 2)) * prod(colMeans(df.u^2))^(1/4)
v.scale <- rowSums(v^2)
df.v <- r * df.v / sqrt(max(v.scale))
df.v$varname <- rownames(v)
df.v$angle <- with(df.v, (180/pi) * atan(yvar / xvar))
df.v$hjust = with(df.v, (1 - 1.5 * sign(xvar)) / 2)
theta <- c(seq(-pi, pi, length = 50), seq(pi, -pi, length = 50))
circle <- data.frame(xvar = r * cos(theta), yvar = r * sin(theta))
df.v <- df.v[1:2,] # change here like df.v[1:2,]
ggbiplot::ggbiplot(ir.pca,obs.scale = .1, var.scale = 1,
varname.size = 3, labels.size=6, circle = T, alpha = 0, center = T, var.axes = FALSE)+
scale_x_continuous(limits=c(-2,2)) +
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(-2,2)) +
geom_segment(data = df.v, aes(x = 0, y = 0, xend = xvar, yend = yvar),
arrow = arrow(length = unit(1/2, 'picas')),
color = muted('red')) +
geom_text(data = df.v,
aes(label = rownames(df.v), x = xvar, y = yvar,
angle = angle, hjust = hjust),
color = 'darkred', size = 3)
ggbiplot::ggbiplot(ir.pca)+
scale_x_continuous(limits=c(-2,2)) +
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(-2,2)) +
geom_path(data = circle, color = muted('white'),
size = 1/2, alpha = 1/3)
Original one(having all four variables)
Edited one(select only first two variables)

Equal spacing with multiple atop

I'm trying to create a legend in a ggplot2 graph with multiple lines and a parameter and value on each line. Since I have symbols as variables, this needs to be done with expression. To create new lines, I have used multiple atop commands, but this leads to uneven spacing in the final line. Please see my following example:
library(ggplot2)
N = 25
a = -5
b = 2
sigma = 1
x = runif(N, 0, 10)
y = a + x * b + rnorm(N, sd = sigma)
df = data.frame(x, y)
ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) +
geom_point() +
geom_label(aes(x = 1, y = max(y) - 2),
label = paste0("atop(atop(",
"textstyle(a == ", a, "),",
"textstyle(b == ", b, ")),",
"textstyle(sigma == ", sigma, "))"
), parse = TRUE
)
ggsave("plotmath_atop.png", width = 6, height = 4, scale = 1)
This gives the following plot:
As you can see, the spacing between the lines b=2 and \sigma=1 is noticeably larger than the spacing between the lines a=-5 and b=2.
Is there a way of using expression with multiple line breaks while still having even spacing between each line?

you could use gridExtra::tableGrob,
library(gridExtra)
library(grid)
table_label <- function(label, params=list()) {
params <- modifyList(list(hjust=0, x=0), params)
mytheme <- ttheme_minimal(padding=unit(c(1, 1), "mm"),
core = list(fg_params = params), parse=TRUE)
disect <- strsplit(label, "\\n")[[1]]
m <- as.matrix(disect)
tg <- tableGrob(m, theme=mytheme)
bg <- roundrectGrob(width = sum(tg$widths) + unit(3, "mm"), height = sum(tg$heights) + unit(3, "mm"))
grobTree(bg, tg)
}
txt <- 'a == -5\n
b == 2\n
sigma == 1'
library(ggplot2)
qplot(1:10,1:10) +
annotation_custom(table_label(txt), xmin=0, xmax=5, ymin=7.5)

A simple solution is to avoid the use of expressions, print the sigma letter using the unicode character \u03c3, and use \n for line breaking.
library(ggplot2)
N = 25
a = -5
b = 2
sigma = 1
df = data.frame(runif(N, 0, 10), a + x * b + rnorm(N, sd = sigma))
lab <- paste0("a = ", a, "\n",
"b = ", b, "\n",
"\u03c3 = ", sigma)
ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) +
geom_point() +
geom_label(aes(x = 1, y = max(y) - 2), label = lab, parse = FALSE)
ggsave("plot_multiline_label.png", width = 6, height = 4, scale = 1)

Fix interpolated polar contour plot function to works with current R and (possibly) use ggplot

The question R interpolated polar contour plot shows an excellent way to produce interpolated polar plots in R. I include the very slightly modified version I'm using:
PolarImageInterpolate <- function(
### Plotting data (in cartesian) - will be converted to polar space.
x, y, z,
### Plot component flags
contours=TRUE, # Add contours to the plotted surface
legend=TRUE, # Plot a surface data legend?
axes=TRUE, # Plot axes?
points=TRUE, # Plot individual data points
extrapolate=FALSE, # Should we extrapolate outside data points?
### Data splitting params for color scale and contours
col_breaks_source = 1, # Where to calculate the color brakes from (1=data,2=surface)
# If you know the levels, input directly (i.e. c(0,1))
col_levels = 10, # Number of color levels to use - must match length(col) if
#col specified separately
col = rev(heat.colors(col_levels)), # Colors to plot
# col = rev(heat.colors(col_levels)), # Colors to plot
contour_breaks_source = 1, # 1=z data, 2=calculated surface data
# If you know the levels, input directly (i.e. c(0,1))
contour_levels = col_levels+1, # One more contour break than col_levels (must be
# specified correctly if done manually
### Plotting params
outer.radius = ceiling(max(sqrt(x^2+y^2))),
circle.rads = pretty(c(0,outer.radius)), #Radius lines
spatial_res=1000, #Resolution of fitted surface
single_point_overlay=0, #Overlay "key" data point with square
#(0 = No, Other = number of pt)
### Fitting parameters
interp.type = 1, #1 = linear, 2 = Thin plate spline
lambda=0){ #Used only when interp.type = 2
minitics <- seq(-outer.radius, outer.radius, length.out = spatial_res)
# interpolate the data
if (interp.type ==1 ){
Interp <- akima:::interp(x = x, y = y, z = z,
extrap = extrapolate,
xo = minitics,
yo = minitics,
linear = FALSE)
Mat <- Interp[[3]]
}
else if (interp.type == 2){
library(fields)
grid.list = list(x=minitics,y=minitics)
t = Tps(cbind(x,y),z,lambda=lambda)
tmp = predict.surface(t,grid.list,extrap=extrapolate)
Mat = tmp$z
}
else {stop("interp.type value not valid")}
# mark cells outside circle as NA
markNA <- matrix(minitics, ncol = spatial_res, nrow = spatial_res)
Mat[!sqrt(markNA ^ 2 + t(markNA) ^ 2) < outer.radius] <- NA
### Set contour_breaks based on requested source
if ((length(contour_breaks_source == 1)) & (contour_breaks_source[1] == 1)){
contour_breaks = seq(min(z,na.rm=TRUE),max(z,na.rm=TRUE),
by=(max(z,na.rm=TRUE)-min(z,na.rm=TRUE))/(contour_levels-1))
}
else if ((length(contour_breaks_source == 1)) & (contour_breaks_source[1] == 2)){
contour_breaks = seq(min(Mat,na.rm=TRUE),max(Mat,na.rm=TRUE),
by=(max(Mat,na.rm=TRUE)-min(Mat,na.rm=TRUE))/(contour_levels-1))
}
else if ((length(contour_breaks_source) == 2) & (is.numeric(contour_breaks_source))){
contour_breaks = pretty(contour_breaks_source,n=contour_levels)
contour_breaks = seq(contour_breaks_source[1],contour_breaks_source[2],
by=(contour_breaks_source[2]-contour_breaks_source[1])/(contour_levels-1))
}
else {stop("Invalid selection for \"contour_breaks_source\"")}
### Set color breaks based on requested source
if ((length(col_breaks_source) == 1) & (col_breaks_source[1] == 1))
{zlim=c(min(z,na.rm=TRUE),max(z,na.rm=TRUE))}
else if ((length(col_breaks_source) == 1) & (col_breaks_source[1] == 2))
{zlim=c(min(Mat,na.rm=TRUE),max(Mat,na.rm=TRUE))}
else if ((length(col_breaks_source) == 2) & (is.numeric(col_breaks_source)))
{zlim=col_breaks_source}
else {stop("Invalid selection for \"col_breaks_source\"")}
# begin plot
Mat_plot = Mat
Mat_plot[which(Mat_plot<zlim[1])]=zlim[1]
Mat_plot[which(Mat_plot>zlim[2])]=zlim[2]
image(x = minitics, y = minitics, Mat_plot , useRaster = TRUE, asp = 1, axes = FALSE, xlab = "", ylab = "", zlim = zlim, col = col)
# add contours if desired
if (contours){
CL <- contourLines(x = minitics, y = minitics, Mat, levels = contour_breaks)
A <- lapply(CL, function(xy){
lines(xy$x, xy$y, col = gray(.2), lwd = .5)
})
}
# add interpolated point if desired
if (points){
points(x, y, pch = 21, bg ="blue")
}
# add overlay point (used for trained image marking) if desired
if (single_point_overlay!=0){
points(x[single_point_overlay],y[single_point_overlay],pch=0)
}
# add radial axes if desired
if (axes){
# internals for axis markup
RMat <- function(radians){
matrix(c(cos(radians), sin(radians), -sin(radians), cos(radians)), ncol = 2)
}
circle <- function(x, y, rad = 1, nvert = 500){
rads <- seq(0,2*pi,length.out = nvert)
xcoords <- cos(rads) * rad + x
ycoords <- sin(rads) * rad + y
cbind(xcoords, ycoords)
}
# draw circles
if (missing(circle.rads)){
circle.rads <- pretty(c(0,outer.radius))
}
for (i in circle.rads){
lines(circle(0, 0, i), col = "#66666650")
}
# put on radial spoke axes:
axis.rads <- c(0, pi / 6, pi / 3, pi / 2, 2 * pi / 3, 5 * pi / 6)
r.labs <- c(90, 60, 30, 0, 330, 300)
l.labs <- c(270, 240, 210, 180, 150, 120)
for (i in 1:length(axis.rads)){
endpoints <- zapsmall(c(RMat(axis.rads[i]) %*% matrix(c(1, 0, -1, 0) * outer.radius,ncol = 2)))
segments(endpoints[1], endpoints[2], endpoints[3], endpoints[4], col = "#66666650")
endpoints <- c(RMat(axis.rads[i]) %*% matrix(c(1.1, 0, -1.1, 0) * outer.radius, ncol = 2))
lab1 <- bquote(.(r.labs[i]) * degree)
lab2 <- bquote(.(l.labs[i]) * degree)
text(endpoints[1], endpoints[2], lab1, xpd = TRUE)
text(endpoints[3], endpoints[4], lab2, xpd = TRUE)
}
axis(2, pos = -1.25 * outer.radius, at = sort(union(circle.rads,-circle.rads)), labels = NA)
text( -1.26 * outer.radius, sort(union(circle.rads, -circle.rads)),sort(union(circle.rads, -circle.rads)), xpd = TRUE, pos = 2)
}
# add legend if desired
# this could be sloppy if there are lots of breaks, and that's why it's optional.
# another option would be to use fields:::image.plot(), using only the legend.
# There's an example for how to do so in its documentation
if (legend){
library(fields)
image.plot(legend.only=TRUE, smallplot=c(.78,.82,.1,.8), col=col, zlim=zlim)
# ylevs <- seq(-outer.radius, outer.radius, length = contour_levels+ 1)
# #ylevs <- seq(-outer.radius, outer.radius, length = length(contour_breaks))
# rect(1.2 * outer.radius, ylevs[1:(length(ylevs) - 1)], 1.3 * outer.radius, ylevs[2:length(ylevs)], col = col, border = NA, xpd = TRUE)
# rect(1.2 * outer.radius, min(ylevs), 1.3 * outer.radius, max(ylevs), border = "#66666650", xpd = TRUE)
# text(1.3 * outer.radius, ylevs[seq(1,length(ylevs),length.out=length(contour_breaks))],round(contour_breaks, 1), pos = 4, xpd = TRUE)
}
}
Unfortunately, this function has a few bugs:
a) Even with a purely radial pattern, the produced plot has a distortion whose origin I don't understand:
#example
r <- rep(seq(0.1, 0.9, len = 8), each = 8)
theta <- rep(seq(0, 7/4*pi, by = pi/4), times = 8)
x <- r*sin(theta)
y <- r*cos(theta)
z <- z <- rep(seq(0, 1, len = 8), each = 8)
PolarImageInterpolate(x, y, z)
why the wiggles between 300° and 360°? The z function is constant in theta, so there's no reason why there should be wiggles.
b) After 4 years, some of the packages loaded have been modified and at least one functionality of the function is broken. Setting interp.type = 2 should use thin plate splines for interpolation instead than a basic linear interpolation, but it doesn't work:
> PolarImageInterpolate(x, y, z, interp.type = 2)
Warning:
Grid searches over lambda (nugget and sill variances) with minima at the endpoints:
(GCV) Generalized Cross-Validation
minimum at right endpoint lambda = 9.493563e-06 (eff. df= 60.80002 )
predict.surface is now the function predictSurface
Error in image.default(x = minitics, y = minitics, Mat_plot, useRaster = TRUE, :
'z' must be a matrix
the first message is a warning and doesn't worry me, but the second one is actually an error and prevents me from using thin plate splines. Can you help me solve these two problems?
Also, I'd like to "upgrade" to using ggplot2, so if you can give an answer which does that, it would be great. Otherwise, after the bugs are fixed, I'll try asking a specific question which only asks to modify the function so that it uses ggplot2.

For the ggplot2 solution, here is a start. geom_raster allows interpolation, but does not work for polar coordinates. Instead, you can use geom_tile, though then you may need to do the interpolation yourself before passing the values to ggplot.
Of important note: the example data you gave gives an error when working with geom_raster that I believe is caused by the spacing of the values. Here is an example set that works (note, used this blog as a guide, though it is now outdated):
dat_grid <-
expand.grid(x = seq(0,350,10), y = 0:10)
dat_grid$density <- runif(nrow(dat_grid))
ggplot(dat_grid
, aes(x = x, y = y, fill = density)) +
geom_tile() +
coord_polar() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(0,360,90)) +
scale_fill_gradient2(low = "white"
, mid = "yellow"
, high = "red3"
, midpoint = 0.5)
If you are working from raw data, you might be able to get ggplot to do the work for you. Here is an example working from raw data. There are a lot of manual tinkering things to do, but it is at least an optional starting point:
polarData <-
data.frame(
theta = runif(10000, 0, 2*pi)
, r = log(abs(rnorm(10000, 0, 10)))
)
toCart <-
data.frame(
x = polarData$r * cos(polarData$theta)
, y = polarData$r * sin(polarData$theta)
)
axisLines <-
data.frame(
x = 0
, y = 0
, xend = max(polarData$r)*cos(seq(0, 2*pi, pi/4))
, yend = max(polarData$r)*sin(seq(0, 2*pi, pi/4))
, angle = paste(seq(0, 2, 1/4), "pi") )
ticks <-
data.frame(
label = pretty(c(0, max(polarData$r)) )[-1]
)
ggplot(toCart) +
# geom_point(aes(x = x, y = y)) +
stat_density_2d(aes(x = x, y = y
, fill = ..level..)
, geom = "polygon") +
scale_fill_gradient(low = "white"
, high = "red3") +
theme(axis.text = element_blank()
, axis.title = element_blank()
, axis.line = element_blank()
, axis.ticks = element_blank()) +
geom_segment(data = axisLines
, aes(x = x, y = y
, xend = xend
, yend = yend)) +
geom_label(data = axisLines
, aes(x = xend, y = yend, label = angle)) +
geom_label(data = ticks
, aes(x = 0, y = label, label = label))

From an another post, I came to know that the fucnction predict.surface from package fields is deprecated whic is used for interp.type = 2 in PolarImageInterpolate. Instead, a new predictSurface function is introduced, which can be used here.
Example:
r <- rep(seq(0.1, 0.9, len = 8), each = 8)
theta <- rep(seq(0, 7/4*pi, by = pi/4), times = 8)
x <- r*sin(theta)
y <- r*cos(theta)
z <- z <- rep(seq(0, 1, len = 8), each = 8)
PolarImageInterpolate(x, y, z, interp.type = 2)

R interpolated polar contour plot

I'm attempting to script a contour polar plot in R from interpolated point data. In other words, I have data in polar coordinates with a magnitude value I would like to plot and show interpolated values. I'd like to mass produce plots similar to the following (produced in OriginPro):
My closest attempt in R to this point is basically:
### Convert polar -> cart
# ToDo #
### Dummy data
x = rnorm(20)
y = rnorm(20)
z = rnorm(20)
### Interpolate
library(akima)
tmp = interp(x,y,z)
### Plot interpolation
library(fields)
image.plot(tmp)
### ToDo ###
#Turn off all axis
#Plot polar axis ontop
Which produces something like:
While this is obviously not going to be the final product, is this the best way to go about creating contour polar plots in R?
I can't find anything on the topic other than an archive mailing list dicussion from 2008. I guess I'm not fully dedicated to using R for the plots (though that is where I have the data), but I am opposed to manual creation. So, if there is another language with this capability, please suggest it (I did see the Python example).
EDIT
Regarding the suggestion using ggplot2 - I can't seem to get the geom_tile routine to plot interpolated data in polar_coordinates. I have included code below that illustrates where I'm at. I can plot the original in Cartesian and polar, but I can only get the interpolated data to plot in Cartesian. I can plot the interpolation points in polar using geom_point, but I can't extend that approach to geom_tile. My only guess was that this is related to data order - i.e. geom_tile is expecting sorted/ordered data - I've tried every iteration I can think of sorting the data into ascending/descending azimuth and zenith with no change.
## Libs
library(akima)
library(ggplot2)
## Sample data in az/el(zenith)
tmp = seq(5,355,by=10)
geoms <- data.frame(az = tmp,
zen = runif(length(tmp)),
value = runif(length(tmp)))
geoms$az_rad = geoms$az*pi/180
## These points plot fine
ggplot(geoms)+geom_point(aes(az,zen,colour=value))+
coord_polar()+
scale_x_continuous(breaks=c(0,45,90,135,180,225,270,315,360),limits=c(0,360))+
scale_colour_gradient(breaks=seq(0,1,by=.1),low="black",high="white")
## Need to interpolate - most easily done in cartesian
x = geoms$zen*sin(geoms$az_rad)
y = geoms$zen*cos(geoms$az_rad)
df.ptsc = data.frame(x=x,y=y,z=geoms$value)
intc = interp(x,y,geoms$value,
xo=seq(min(x), max(x), length = 100),
yo=seq(min(y), max(y), length = 100),linear=FALSE)
df.intc = data.frame(expand.grid(x=intc$x,y=intc$y),
z=c(intc$z),value=cut((intc$z),breaks=seq(0,1,.1)))
## This plots fine in cartesian coords
ggplot(df.intc)+scale_x_continuous(limits=c(-1.1,1.1))+
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(-1.1,1.1))+
geom_point(data=df.ptsc,aes(x,y,colour=z))+
scale_colour_gradient(breaks=seq(0,1,by=.1),low="white",high="red")
ggplot(df.intc)+geom_tile(aes(x,y,fill=z))+
scale_x_continuous(limits=c(-1.1,1.1))+
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(-1.1,1.1))+
geom_point(data=df.ptsc,aes(x,y,colour=z))+
scale_colour_gradient(breaks=seq(0,1,by=.1),low="white",high="red")
## Convert back to polar
int_az = atan2(df.intc$x,df.intc$y)
int_az = int_az*180/pi
int_az = unlist(lapply(int_az,function(x){if(x<0){x+360}else{x}}))
int_zen = sqrt(df.intc$x^2+df.intc$y^2)
df.intp = data.frame(az=int_az,zen=int_zen,z=df.intc$z,value=df.intc$value)
## Just to check
az = atan2(x,y)
az = az*180/pi
az = unlist(lapply(az,function(x){if(x<0){x+360}else{x}}))
zen = sqrt(x^2+y^2)
## The conversion looks correct [[az = geoms$az, zen = geoms$zen]]
## This plots the interpolated locations
ggplot(df.intp)+geom_point(aes(az,zen))+coord_polar()
## This doesn't track to geom_tile
ggplot(df.intp)+geom_tile(aes(az,zen,fill=value))+coord_polar()
Final Results
I finally took code from the accepted answer (base graphics) and updated the code. I added a thin plate spline interpolation method, an option to extrapolate or not, data point overlays, and the ability to do continuous colors or segmented colors for the interpolated surface. See the examples below.
PolarImageInterpolate <- function(
### Plotting data (in cartesian) - will be converted to polar space.
x, y, z,
### Plot component flags
contours=TRUE, # Add contours to the plotted surface
legend=TRUE, # Plot a surface data legend?
axes=TRUE, # Plot axes?
points=TRUE, # Plot individual data points
extrapolate=FALSE, # Should we extrapolate outside data points?
### Data splitting params for color scale and contours
col_breaks_source = 1, # Where to calculate the color brakes from (1=data,2=surface)
# If you know the levels, input directly (i.e. c(0,1))
col_levels = 10, # Number of color levels to use - must match length(col) if
#col specified separately
col = rev(heat.colors(col_levels)), # Colors to plot
contour_breaks_source = 1, # 1=z data, 2=calculated surface data
# If you know the levels, input directly (i.e. c(0,1))
contour_levels = col_levels+1, # One more contour break than col_levels (must be
# specified correctly if done manually
### Plotting params
outer.radius = round_any(max(sqrt(x^2+y^2)),5,f=ceiling),
circle.rads = pretty(c(0,outer.radius)), #Radius lines
spatial_res=1000, #Resolution of fitted surface
single_point_overlay=0, #Overlay "key" data point with square
#(0 = No, Other = number of pt)
### Fitting parameters
interp.type = 1, #1 = linear, 2 = Thin plate spline
lambda=0){ #Used only when interp.type = 2
minitics <- seq(-outer.radius, outer.radius, length.out = spatial_res)
# interpolate the data
if (interp.type ==1 ){
Interp <- akima:::interp(x = x, y = y, z = z,
extrap = extrapolate,
xo = minitics,
yo = minitics,
linear = FALSE)
Mat <- Interp[[3]]
}
else if (interp.type == 2){
library(fields)
grid.list = list(x=minitics,y=minitics)
t = Tps(cbind(x,y),z,lambda=lambda)
tmp = predict.surface(t,grid.list,extrap=extrapolate)
Mat = tmp$z
}
else {stop("interp.type value not valid")}
# mark cells outside circle as NA
markNA <- matrix(minitics, ncol = spatial_res, nrow = spatial_res)
Mat[!sqrt(markNA ^ 2 + t(markNA) ^ 2) < outer.radius] <- NA
### Set contour_breaks based on requested source
if ((length(contour_breaks_source == 1)) & (contour_breaks_source[1] == 1)){
contour_breaks = seq(min(z,na.rm=TRUE),max(z,na.rm=TRUE),
by=(max(z,na.rm=TRUE)-min(z,na.rm=TRUE))/(contour_levels-1))
}
else if ((length(contour_breaks_source == 1)) & (contour_breaks_source[1] == 2)){
contour_breaks = seq(min(Mat,na.rm=TRUE),max(Mat,na.rm=TRUE),
by=(max(Mat,na.rm=TRUE)-min(Mat,na.rm=TRUE))/(contour_levels-1))
}
else if ((length(contour_breaks_source) == 2) & (is.numeric(contour_breaks_source))){
contour_breaks = pretty(contour_breaks_source,n=contour_levels)
contour_breaks = seq(contour_breaks_source[1],contour_breaks_source[2],
by=(contour_breaks_source[2]-contour_breaks_source[1])/(contour_levels-1))
}
else {stop("Invalid selection for \"contour_breaks_source\"")}
### Set color breaks based on requested source
if ((length(col_breaks_source) == 1) & (col_breaks_source[1] == 1))
{zlim=c(min(z,na.rm=TRUE),max(z,na.rm=TRUE))}
else if ((length(col_breaks_source) == 1) & (col_breaks_source[1] == 2))
{zlim=c(min(Mat,na.rm=TRUE),max(Mat,na.rm=TRUE))}
else if ((length(col_breaks_source) == 2) & (is.numeric(col_breaks_source)))
{zlim=col_breaks_source}
else {stop("Invalid selection for \"col_breaks_source\"")}
# begin plot
Mat_plot = Mat
Mat_plot[which(Mat_plot<zlim[1])]=zlim[1]
Mat_plot[which(Mat_plot>zlim[2])]=zlim[2]
image(x = minitics, y = minitics, Mat_plot , useRaster = TRUE, asp = 1, axes = FALSE, xlab = "", ylab = "", zlim = zlim, col = col)
# add contours if desired
if (contours){
CL <- contourLines(x = minitics, y = minitics, Mat, levels = contour_breaks)
A <- lapply(CL, function(xy){
lines(xy$x, xy$y, col = gray(.2), lwd = .5)
})
}
# add interpolated point if desired
if (points){
points(x,y,pch=4)
}
# add overlay point (used for trained image marking) if desired
if (single_point_overlay!=0){
points(x[single_point_overlay],y[single_point_overlay],pch=0)
}
# add radial axes if desired
if (axes){
# internals for axis markup
RMat <- function(radians){
matrix(c(cos(radians), sin(radians), -sin(radians), cos(radians)), ncol = 2)
}
circle <- function(x, y, rad = 1, nvert = 500){
rads <- seq(0,2*pi,length.out = nvert)
xcoords <- cos(rads) * rad + x
ycoords <- sin(rads) * rad + y
cbind(xcoords, ycoords)
}
# draw circles
if (missing(circle.rads)){
circle.rads <- pretty(c(0,outer.radius))
}
for (i in circle.rads){
lines(circle(0, 0, i), col = "#66666650")
}
# put on radial spoke axes:
axis.rads <- c(0, pi / 6, pi / 3, pi / 2, 2 * pi / 3, 5 * pi / 6)
r.labs <- c(90, 60, 30, 0, 330, 300)
l.labs <- c(270, 240, 210, 180, 150, 120)
for (i in 1:length(axis.rads)){
endpoints <- zapsmall(c(RMat(axis.rads[i]) %*% matrix(c(1, 0, -1, 0) * outer.radius,ncol = 2)))
segments(endpoints[1], endpoints[2], endpoints[3], endpoints[4], col = "#66666650")
endpoints <- c(RMat(axis.rads[i]) %*% matrix(c(1.1, 0, -1.1, 0) * outer.radius, ncol = 2))
lab1 <- bquote(.(r.labs[i]) * degree)
lab2 <- bquote(.(l.labs[i]) * degree)
text(endpoints[1], endpoints[2], lab1, xpd = TRUE)
text(endpoints[3], endpoints[4], lab2, xpd = TRUE)
}
axis(2, pos = -1.25 * outer.radius, at = sort(union(circle.rads,-circle.rads)), labels = NA)
text( -1.26 * outer.radius, sort(union(circle.rads, -circle.rads)),sort(union(circle.rads, -circle.rads)), xpd = TRUE, pos = 2)
}
# add legend if desired
# this could be sloppy if there are lots of breaks, and that's why it's optional.
# another option would be to use fields:::image.plot(), using only the legend.
# There's an example for how to do so in its documentation
if (legend){
library(fields)
image.plot(legend.only=TRUE, smallplot=c(.78,.82,.1,.8), col=col, zlim=zlim)
# ylevs <- seq(-outer.radius, outer.radius, length = contour_levels+ 1)
# #ylevs <- seq(-outer.radius, outer.radius, length = length(contour_breaks))
# rect(1.2 * outer.radius, ylevs[1:(length(ylevs) - 1)], 1.3 * outer.radius, ylevs[2:length(ylevs)], col = col, border = NA, xpd = TRUE)
# rect(1.2 * outer.radius, min(ylevs), 1.3 * outer.radius, max(ylevs), border = "#66666650", xpd = TRUE)
# text(1.3 * outer.radius, ylevs[seq(1,length(ylevs),length.out=length(contour_breaks))],round(contour_breaks, 1), pos = 4, xpd = TRUE)
}
}

[[major edit]]
I was finally able to add contour lines to my original attempt, but since the two sides of the original matrix that gets contorted don't actually touch, the lines don't match up between 360 and 0 degree. So I've totally rethought the problem, but leave the original post below because it was still kind of cool to plot a matrix that way. The function I'm posting now takes x,y,z and several optional arguments, and spits back something pretty darn similar to your desired examples, radial axes, legend, contour lines and all:
PolarImageInterpolate <- function(x, y, z, outer.radius = 1,
breaks, col, nlevels = 20, contours = TRUE, legend = TRUE,
axes = TRUE, circle.rads = pretty(c(0,outer.radius))){
minitics <- seq(-outer.radius, outer.radius, length.out = 1000)
# interpolate the data
Interp <- akima:::interp(x = x, y = y, z = z,
extrap = TRUE,
xo = minitics,
yo = minitics,
linear = FALSE)
Mat <- Interp[[3]]
# mark cells outside circle as NA
markNA <- matrix(minitics, ncol = 1000, nrow = 1000)
Mat[!sqrt(markNA ^ 2 + t(markNA) ^ 2) < outer.radius] <- NA
# sort out colors and breaks:
if (!missing(breaks) & !missing(col)){
if (length(breaks) - length(col) != 1){
stop("breaks must be 1 element longer than cols")
}
}
if (missing(breaks) & !missing(col)){
breaks <- seq(min(Mat,na.rm = TRUE), max(Mat, na.rm = TRUE), length = length(col) + 1)
nlevels <- length(breaks) - 1
}
if (missing(col) & !missing(breaks)){
col <- rev(heat.colors(length(breaks) - 1))
nlevels <- length(breaks) - 1
}
if (missing(breaks) & missing(col)){
breaks <- seq(min(Mat,na.rm = TRUE), max(Mat, na.rm = TRUE), length = nlevels + 1)
col <- rev(heat.colors(nlevels))
}
# if legend desired, it goes on the right and some space is needed
if (legend) {
par(mai = c(1,1,1.5,1.5))
}
# begin plot
image(x = minitics, y = minitics, t(Mat), useRaster = TRUE, asp = 1,
axes = FALSE, xlab = "", ylab = "", col = col, breaks = breaks)
# add contours if desired
if (contours){
CL <- contourLines(x = minitics, y = minitics, t(Mat), levels = breaks)
A <- lapply(CL, function(xy){
lines(xy$x, xy$y, col = gray(.2), lwd = .5)
})
}
# add radial axes if desired
if (axes){
# internals for axis markup
RMat <- function(radians){
matrix(c(cos(radians), sin(radians), -sin(radians), cos(radians)), ncol = 2)
}
circle <- function(x, y, rad = 1, nvert = 500){
rads <- seq(0,2*pi,length.out = nvert)
xcoords <- cos(rads) * rad + x
ycoords <- sin(rads) * rad + y
cbind(xcoords, ycoords)
}
# draw circles
if (missing(circle.rads)){
circle.rads <- pretty(c(0,outer.radius))
}
for (i in circle.rads){
lines(circle(0, 0, i), col = "#66666650")
}
# put on radial spoke axes:
axis.rads <- c(0, pi / 6, pi / 3, pi / 2, 2 * pi / 3, 5 * pi / 6)
r.labs <- c(90, 60, 30, 0, 330, 300)
l.labs <- c(270, 240, 210, 180, 150, 120)
for (i in 1:length(axis.rads)){
endpoints <- zapsmall(c(RMat(axis.rads[i]) %*% matrix(c(1, 0, -1, 0) * outer.radius,ncol = 2)))
segments(endpoints[1], endpoints[2], endpoints[3], endpoints[4], col = "#66666650")
endpoints <- c(RMat(axis.rads[i]) %*% matrix(c(1.1, 0, -1.1, 0) * outer.radius, ncol = 2))
lab1 <- bquote(.(r.labs[i]) * degree)
lab2 <- bquote(.(l.labs[i]) * degree)
text(endpoints[1], endpoints[2], lab1, xpd = TRUE)
text(endpoints[3], endpoints[4], lab2, xpd = TRUE)
}
axis(2, pos = -1.2 * outer.radius, at = sort(union(circle.rads,-circle.rads)), labels = NA)
text( -1.21 * outer.radius, sort(union(circle.rads, -circle.rads)),sort(union(circle.rads, -circle.rads)), xpd = TRUE, pos = 2)
}
# add legend if desired
# this could be sloppy if there are lots of breaks, and that's why it's optional.
# another option would be to use fields:::image.plot(), using only the legend.
# There's an example for how to do so in its documentation
if (legend){
ylevs <- seq(-outer.radius, outer.radius, length = nlevels + 1)
rect(1.2 * outer.radius, ylevs[1:(length(ylevs) - 1)], 1.3 * outer.radius, ylevs[2:length(ylevs)], col = col, border = NA, xpd = TRUE)
rect(1.2 * outer.radius, min(ylevs), 1.3 * outer.radius, max(ylevs), border = "#66666650", xpd = TRUE)
text(1.3 * outer.radius, ylevs,round(breaks, 1), pos = 4, xpd = TRUE)
}
}
# Example
set.seed(10)
x <- rnorm(20)
y <- rnorm(20)
z <- rnorm(20)
PolarImageInterpolate(x,y,z, breaks = seq(-2,8,by = 1))
code available here: https://gist.github.com/2893780
[[my original answer follows]]
I thought your question would be educational for myself, so I took up the challenge and came up with the following incomplete function. It works similar to image(), wants a matrix as its primary input, and spits back something similar to your example above, minus the contour lines.
[[I edited the code June 6th after noticing that it didn't plot in the order I claimed. Fixed. Currently working on contour lines and legend.]]
# arguments:
# Mat, a matrix of z values as follows:
# leftmost edge of first column = 0 degrees, rightmost edge of last column = 360 degrees
# columns are distributed in cells equally over the range 0 to 360 degrees, like a grid prior to transform
# first row is innermost circle, last row is outermost circle
# outer.radius, By default everything scaled to unit circle
# ppa: points per cell per arc. If your matrix is little, make it larger for a nice curve
# cols: color vector. default = rev(heat.colors(length(breaks)-1))
# breaks: manual breaks for colors. defaults to seq(min(Mat),max(Mat),length=nbreaks)
# nbreaks: how many color levels are desired?
# axes: should circular and radial axes be drawn? radial axes are drawn at 30 degree intervals only- this could be made more flexible.
# circle.rads: at which radii should circles be drawn? defaults to pretty(((0:ncol(Mat)) / ncol(Mat)) * outer.radius)
# TODO: add color strip legend.
PolarImagePlot <- function(Mat, outer.radius = 1, ppa = 5, cols, breaks, nbreaks = 51, axes = TRUE, circle.rads){
# the image prep
Mat <- Mat[, ncol(Mat):1]
radii <- ((0:ncol(Mat)) / ncol(Mat)) * outer.radius
# 5 points per arc will usually do
Npts <- ppa
# all the angles for which a vertex is needed
radians <- 2 * pi * (0:(nrow(Mat) * Npts)) / (nrow(Mat) * Npts) + pi / 2
# matrix where each row is the arc corresponding to a cell
rad.mat <- matrix(radians[-length(radians)], ncol = Npts, byrow = TRUE)[1:nrow(Mat), ]
rad.mat <- cbind(rad.mat, rad.mat[c(2:nrow(rad.mat), 1), 1])
# the x and y coords assuming radius of 1
y0 <- sin(rad.mat)
x0 <- cos(rad.mat)
# dimension markers
nc <- ncol(x0)
nr <- nrow(x0)
nl <- length(radii)
# make a copy for each radii, redimension in sick ways
x1 <- aperm( x0 %o% radii, c(1, 3, 2))
# the same, but coming back the other direction to close the polygon
x2 <- x1[, , nc:1]
#now stick together
x.array <- abind:::abind(x1[, 1:(nl - 1), ], x2[, 2:nl, ], matrix(NA, ncol = (nl - 1), nrow = nr), along = 3)
# final product, xcoords, is a single vector, in order,
# where all the x coordinates for a cell are arranged
# clockwise. cells are separated by NAs- allows a single call to polygon()
xcoords <- aperm(x.array, c(3, 1, 2))
dim(xcoords) <- c(NULL)
# repeat for y coordinates
y1 <- aperm( y0 %o% radii,c(1, 3, 2))
y2 <- y1[, , nc:1]
y.array <- abind:::abind(y1[, 1:(length(radii) - 1), ], y2[, 2:length(radii), ], matrix(NA, ncol = (length(radii) - 1), nrow = nr), along = 3)
ycoords <- aperm(y.array, c(3, 1, 2))
dim(ycoords) <- c(NULL)
# sort out colors and breaks:
if (!missing(breaks) & !missing(cols)){
if (length(breaks) - length(cols) != 1){
stop("breaks must be 1 element longer than cols")
}
}
if (missing(breaks) & !missing(cols)){
breaks <- seq(min(Mat,na.rm = TRUE), max(Mat, na.rm = TRUE), length = length(cols) + 1)
}
if (missing(cols) & !missing(breaks)){
cols <- rev(heat.colors(length(breaks) - 1))
}
if (missing(breaks) & missing(cols)){
breaks <- seq(min(Mat,na.rm = TRUE), max(Mat, na.rm = TRUE), length = nbreaks)
cols <- rev(heat.colors(length(breaks) - 1))
}
# get a color for each cell. Ugly, but it gets them in the right order
cell.cols <- as.character(cut(as.vector(Mat[nrow(Mat):1,ncol(Mat):1]), breaks = breaks, labels = cols))
# start empty plot
plot(NULL, type = "n", ylim = c(-1, 1) * outer.radius, xlim = c(-1, 1) * outer.radius, asp = 1, axes = FALSE, xlab = "", ylab = "")
# draw polygons with no borders:
polygon(xcoords, ycoords, col = cell.cols, border = NA)
if (axes){
# a couple internals for axis markup.
RMat <- function(radians){
matrix(c(cos(radians), sin(radians), -sin(radians), cos(radians)), ncol = 2)
}
circle <- function(x, y, rad = 1, nvert = 500){
rads <- seq(0,2*pi,length.out = nvert)
xcoords <- cos(rads) * rad + x
ycoords <- sin(rads) * rad + y
cbind(xcoords, ycoords)
}
# draw circles
if (missing(circle.rads)){
circle.rads <- pretty(radii)
}
for (i in circle.rads){
lines(circle(0, 0, i), col = "#66666650")
}
# put on radial spoke axes:
axis.rads <- c(0, pi / 6, pi / 3, pi / 2, 2 * pi / 3, 5 * pi / 6)
r.labs <- c(90, 60, 30, 0, 330, 300)
l.labs <- c(270, 240, 210, 180, 150, 120)
for (i in 1:length(axis.rads)){
endpoints <- zapsmall(c(RMat(axis.rads[i]) %*% matrix(c(1, 0, -1, 0) * outer.radius,ncol = 2)))
segments(endpoints[1], endpoints[2], endpoints[3], endpoints[4], col = "#66666650")
endpoints <- c(RMat(axis.rads[i]) %*% matrix(c(1.1, 0, -1.1, 0) * outer.radius, ncol = 2))
lab1 <- bquote(.(r.labs[i]) * degree)
lab2 <- bquote(.(l.labs[i]) * degree)
text(endpoints[1], endpoints[2], lab1, xpd = TRUE)
text(endpoints[3], endpoints[4], lab2, xpd = TRUE)
}
axis(2, pos = -1.2 * outer.radius, at = sort(union(circle.rads,-circle.rads)))
}
invisible(list(breaks = breaks, col = cols))
}
I don't know how to interpolate properly over a polar surface, so assuming you can achieve that and get your data into a matrix, then this function will get it plotted for you. Each cell is drawn, as with image(), but the interior ones are teeny tiny. Here's an example:
set.seed(1)
x <- runif(20, min = 0, max = 360)
y <- runif(20, min = 0, max = 40)
z <- rnorm(20)
Interp <- akima:::interp(x = x, y = y, z = z,
extrap = TRUE,
xo = seq(0, 360, length.out = 300),
yo = seq(0, 40, length.out = 100),
linear = FALSE)
Mat <- Interp[[3]]
PolarImagePlot(Mat)
By all means, feel free to modify this and do with it what you will. Code is available on Github here: https://gist.github.com/2877281

Target Plot
Example Code
library(akima)
library(ggplot2)
x = rnorm(20)
y = rnorm(20)
z = rnorm(20)
t. = interp(x,y,z)
t.df <- data.frame(t.)
gt <- data.frame( expand.grid(X1=t.$x,
X2=t.$y),
z=c(t.$z),
value=cut(c(t.$z),
breaks=seq(-1,1,0.25)))
p <- ggplot(gt) +
geom_tile(aes(X1,X2,fill=value)) +
geom_contour(aes(x=X1,y=X2,z=z), colour="black") +
coord_polar()
p <- p + scale_fill_brewer()
p
ggplot2 then has many options to explore re colour scales, annotations etc. but this should get you started.
Credit to this answer by Andrie de Vries that got me to this solution.

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