SQLite : Select from the end of tree to the top - sqlite

from this awesome answer, now i can implement recursive query properly ,
and here i have another question,
first:
i create a table :
CREATE TABLE tree(
id_tree integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
id_boss TEXT,
id_child TEXT,
answ TEXT);
insert some value :
INSERT INTO tree(id_boss,id_child,answ) VALUES('1','2','T');
INSERT INTO tree(id_boss,id_child,answ) VALUES('1','3','F');
INSERT INTO tree(id_boss,id_child,answ) VALUES('2','P1','T');
INSERT INTO tree(id_boss,id_child,answ) VALUES('2','4','F');
INSERT INTO tree(id_boss,id_child,answ) VALUES('3','P2','T');
INSERT INTO tree(id_boss,id_child,answ) VALUES('3','8','F');
and then i running a recursive query from this awesome answer :
WITH RECURSIVE
under_alice(name,level,order_nr) AS (
VALUES('1','0',0)
UNION ALL
SELECT tree.id_child, under_alice.level+1, tree.id_tree
FROM tree, under_alice
WHERE tree.id_boss=under_alice.name
ORDER BY 2 DESC, 3
)
SELECT substr('..........',1,level*3) || name FROM under_alice;
the result will be like this :
1
...2
......P1
......4
...3
......P2
......8
"Edited" ------>
and my question is, is this posible to reverse it,
for example i choose id_child = 'P2', result will be :
P2
3
1
and if i choose id_child = 'P1' :
P1
2
1

The recursive query starts at P1:
VALUES('P1')
In the recursion step, we go from some record (ancestor) to its parent by looking up the id_boss value of that entry:
SELECT tree.id_boss
FROM tree JOIN ancestor ON tree.id_child = ancestor.id
Everything together:
WITH RECURSIVE
ancestor(id) AS (
VALUES('P1')
UNION ALL
SELECT tree.id_boss
FROM tree JOIN ancestor ON tree.id_child = ancestor.id
)
SELECT id FROM ancestor;

Related

Unexpected behaviour with sqlite

I have 2 tables, 1 is {number,letter} the other {number,number}
I want to select {number,letter} where number is mentioned anywhere in {number,number}
It looks like your post is mostly code; please add some more details. So I'll waffle on for a little while after having gone to some trouble to make the issue extremely easy reproduce via the code below.
/*
Unexpected behaviour with sqlite.
Save this as problem.sql and do sqlite3 < problem.sql
to demonstrate the effect.
I have 2 tables, 1 is {number,letter} the other {number,number}
I want to select {number,letter} where number is mentioned
anywhere in {number,number}
So my query is
SELECT ALL num,letter
FROM numberLetter
WHERE num IN (
(
SELECT n1 FROM pairs
UNION
SELECT n2 FROM pairs;
)
);
I've actually wrapped this up with some views in the sql below,
results are the same whatever way you do it.
I think I'm making a stupid mistake or have a conceptual problem?
results:
$ sqlite3 < problem.sql
this is pairList
n1
2
3
4
5
7
8
this is selectedNumberLetter which I expect to have 6 rows...
num|letter
2|b
*/
PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE pairs(
"n1" TEXT,
"n2" TEXT
);
INSERT INTO pairs VALUES('2','3');
INSERT INTO pairs VALUES('5','4');
INSERT INTO pairs VALUES('8','7');
CREATE TABLE numberLetter(
"num" TEXT,
"letter" TEXT
);
INSERT INTO numberLetter VALUES('1','a');
INSERT INTO numberLetter VALUES('2','b');
INSERT INTO numberLetter VALUES('3','c');
INSERT INTO numberLetter VALUES('4','d');
INSERT INTO numberLetter VALUES('5','e');
INSERT INTO numberLetter VALUES('6','f');
INSERT INTO numberLetter VALUES('7','g');
INSERT INTO numberLetter VALUES('8','h');
INSERT INTO numberLetter VALUES('9','i');
INSERT INTO numberLetter VALUES('10','j');
CREATE VIEW pairList AS
SELECT n1 FROM pairs
UNION
SELECT n2 FROM pairs;
CREATE VIEW selectedNumberLetter AS
SELECT ALL num,letter
FROM numberLetter
WHERE num IN (
(
SELECT n1 FROM pairList
)
);
COMMIT;
SELECT 'this is pairList';
.header on
SELECT * FROM pairList;
.header off
SELECT '
this is selectedNumberLetter which I expect to have 6 rows...';
.header on
SELECT * FROM selectedNumberLetter;
The problem is here:
WHERE num IN ((SELECT n1 FROM pairList));
You must not enclose the SELECT statement in another set of parentheses, because if you do then SQLite will finally return only 1 row from pairList instead of all the rows.
Change to:
CREATE VIEW selectedNumberLetter AS
SELECT num,letter
FROM numberLetter
WHERE num IN (SELECT n1 FROM pairList);
But it is easier to solve this requirement with EXISTS:
select n.*
from numberLetter n
where exists (select 1 from pairs p where n.num in (p.n1, p.n2));
See the demo.

Simple Split function in SQL Server 2012 with explanation pls

I have two tables Procedures and ProcedureTypes.
Procedures has a column Type which is a varchar with the values (1, 2), (3, 4), (4, 5) etc...
ProcedureType has a primary key 'ID' 1 to 9.
ID Description
1 Drug
2 Other-Drug
etc...
ID is an integer value and Type is varchar value.
Now I need to join these two tables to show the values
ID in the Procedures table
ProcedureType in the Procedures table
Description in the ProceduresType table with the value separated by a "-".
For example if he value in Type is (1,2) the new table after join should show values in the description like (Drug-Other Drug)
I have used this query bot to no avail
SELECT * FROM dbo.[Split]((select RequestType from GPsProcedures), ',')
Can anyone tell me how to do it and why the above query is not working
with Procedures as (
select 1 as ID, '1,2,3' as Typ
),
ProcedureTypes as (
select 1 as TypeID, 'Drug' as Name
union select 2 , 'Other-Drug'
union select 3 , 'Test 3'
)
/*Get one extra column of type xml*/
,Procedures_xml as (
select id,CONVERT(xml,' <root> <s>' + REPLACE(Typ,',','</s> <s>') + '</s> </root> ') as Typ_xml
from Procedures
)
/*Convert the field string to multiple rows then join to procedure types*/
, Procdure_With_Type as (
select ID,T.c.value('.','varchar(20)') as TypeID,
ProcedureTypes.Name
from Procedures_xml
CROSS APPLY Typ_xml.nodes('/root/s') T(c)
INNER JOIN ProcedureTypes ON T.c.value('.','varchar(20)') = ProcedureTypes.TypeID
)
/*Finally, group the procedures type names by procedure id*/
select id,
STUFF((
SELECT ', ' + [Name]
FROM Procdure_With_Type inn
WHERE (Procdure_With_Type.ID = inn.ID)
FOR XML PATH(''),TYPE).value('(./text())[1]','VARCHAR(MAX)')
,1,2,'') AS NameValues
from Procdure_With_Type
group by ID
You can't have a select statement as a parameter for a function, so instead of this:
SELECT * FROM dbo.[Split]((select RequestType from GPsProcedures), ',')
Use this:
select S.*
from GPsProcedures P
cross apply dbo.[Split](P.RequestType, ',') S

SQLite FTS4 with preferred language

I have an SQLite table that was generated by using the FTS4 module. Each entry is listed at least twice with different languages, but still sharing a unique ID (int column, not indexed).
Here is what I want to do:
I want to lookup a term in a preferred language. I want to union the result with a lookup for the same term using another language.
For the second lookup though, I want to ignore all entries (identified by their ID) that I already found during the first lookup. So basically I want to do this:
WITH term_search1 AS (
SELECT *
FROM myFts
WHERE myFts MATCH 'term'
AND languageId = 1)
SELECT *
FROM term_search1
UNION
SELECT *
FROM myFts
WHERE myFts MATCH 'term'
AND languageId = 2
AND id NOT IN (SELECT id FROM term_search1)
The problem here is, that the term_seach1 Query would be executed twice. Is there a way of materializing my results maybe? Any solution for limiting it to 2 Queries (instead of 3) would be great.
I also tried using recursive Queries, something like:
WITH RECURSIVE term_search1 AS (
SELECT *
FROM myFts
WHERE myFts MATCH 'term'
AND languageId = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT m.*
FROM myFts m LEFT OUTER JOIN term_search1 t ON (m.id = t.id)
WHERE myFts MATCH 'term'
AND m.languageId = 2
AND t.id IS NULL
)
SELECT * FROM term_search1
This didn't work neither. Apparently he just executed two lookups for languageId = 2 (is this a bug maybe?).
Thanks in advance :)
You can use TEMPORARY tables to reduce the number of queries to myFts to 2:
CREATE TEMP TABLE results (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
INSERT INTO results
SELECT id FROM myFts
WHERE myFts MATCH 'term' AND languageId = 1;
INSERT INTO results
SELECT id FROM myFts
WHERE myFts MATCH 'term' AND languageId = 2
AND id NOT IN (SELECT id FROM results);
SELECT * FROM myFts
WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM results);
DROP TABLE results;
If it's possible to change the schema, you should only keep text data in the FTS table. This way you will avoid incorrect results when you are searching for numbers and rows matching languageId is not desired. Create another meta table holding non-textual data (like id and languageId) and filter the rows by joining against the rowid of the myFts. This way you will need to query the FTS table only once - use the temporary table to store the FTS table results then use the meta table to order them.
This is the best I can think of :
SELECT *
FROM myFts t1
JOIN (SELECT COUNT(*) AS cnt, id
FROM myFts t2
WHERE t2.languageId in (1, 2)
AND t2.myFts MATCH 'term'
GROUP BY t2.id) t3
ON t1.id = t3.id
WHERE t1.myFts MATCH 'term'
AND t1.languageId in (1, 2)
AND (t1.languageId = 1 or t3.cnt = 1)
I am not sure if the second MATCH clause is necessary.
The idea is to first count the acceptable rows, then choose the best one.
Edit : I have no idea why it does not work with your table. This is what I did to test it (SQLite version 3.8.10.2):
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE myFts USING fts4(
id integer,
languageId integer,
content TEXT
);
insert into myFts(id, languageId, content) values (10, 1, 'term 10 lang 1');
insert into myFts(id, languageId, content) values (10, 2, 'term 10 lang 2');
insert into myFts(id, languageId, content) values (11, 1, 'term 11 lang 1');
insert into myFts(id, languageId, content) values (12, 2, 'term 12 lang 2');
insert into myFts(id, languageId, content) values (13, 1, 'not_erm 13 lang 1');
insert into myFts(id, languageId, content) values (13, 2, 'term 13 lang 2');
executing the query gives :
sqlite> SELECT *
...> FROM myFts t1
...> JOIN (SELECT COUNT(*) AS cnt, id
...> FROM myFts t2
...> WHERE t2.languageId in (1, 2)
...> AND t2.myFts MATCH 'term'
...> GROUP BY t2.id) t3
...> ON t1.id = t3.id
...> WHERE t1.myFts MATCH 'term'
...> AND t1.languageId in (1, 2)
...> AND (t1.languageId = 1 or t3.cnt = 1);
10|1|term 10 lang 1|2|10
11|1|term 11 lang 1|1|11
12|2|term 12 lang 2|1|12
13|2|term 13 lang 2|1|13
sqlite>

Duplicate record by using with CTEs SQL Server 2008

I need to manage hierarchy data storing in my database. But I have a problem now. Please see my example
I have a table called COMMON.TASK_REL
My second table is called Common. task
I suppose need to sort the task_seq and return a result like below:
Task Name || Task_Seq
Item1 1
..Item1.2 1
...Item1.2.1 1
..Item1.1 2
Here is my query
--Common task SQL modify --
WITH ctLevel
AS
(
SELECT
C_TASK_ID AS Child
,P_Task_ID AS Parent
,common_task.TASK_SEQ AS taskOrder
,1 AS [Level]
,CAST(C_TASK_ID AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS [Order]
,CAST (Replicate('.', 1) + common_task.TASK_NAME AS VARCHAR(25)) AS [Task_Name]
FROM
[COMMON.TASK_REL] as common_task_rel,
[COMMON.TASK] as common_task
WHERE common_task_rel.C_TASK_ID = common_task.TASK_ID
and common_task.[TASK_TYPE] = 'B' AND common_task.[MODULE_CODE] = 'LWRPT'
AND common_task.[STATUS] <> 'D'
UNION ALL
SELECT
C_TASK_ID AS Child
,P_Task_ID AS Parent
,common_task.TASK_SEQ AS taskOrder
,[Level] + 1 AS [Level]
,[Order] + '.' + CAST(C_TASK_ID AS VARCHAR(MAX)) AS [Order]
,CAST (Replicate('.', [Level] + 1) + common_task.TASK_NAME AS VARCHAR(25)) AS [Task_Name]
FROM [COMMON.TASK_REL] as common_task_rel
INNER JOIN ctLevel
ON ( P_Task_ID = Child ) , [COMMON.TASK] as common_task
WHERE common_task_rel.C_TASK_ID = common_task.TASK_ID
and common_task.[TASK_TYPE] = 'B' AND common_task.[MODULE_CODE] = 'LWRPT'
AND common_task.[STATUS] <> 'D'
)
-- Viewing Data
SELECT Child ,Parent ,taskOrder,Level,[Order],Task_Name
FROM ctLevel
GROUP BY Child ,Parent ,taskOrder,Level,[Order],Task_Name
order by [Order];
GO
But my result returns duplicated rows:
Anyone can help me correct my query? Thanks
I believe that your duplicates are coming from your root/anchor query. You should add the following to that query:
AND Task_Seq = 0
Basically, you only want the root to be set up as the beginning of the tree. 301|300 should not be picked up until the recursion section (the part after union all)
If that does not make sense, then I can repaste your query with the modification, but that seemed unnecessary for a small change.

issue in sql Query

I have an column in table where this column name is items it contains value like this
itemID items
1 school,college
2 place, country
3 college,cricket
4 School,us,college
5 cricket,country,place
6 football,tennis,place
7 names,tennis,cricket
8 sports,tennis
Now I need to write a search query
Ex: if the user types 'cricket' into a textbox and clicks the button I need to check in the column items for cricket.
In the table I have 3 rows with cricket in the items column (ItemId = 3, 5, 7)
If the user types in tennis,cricket then I need to get the records that match either one. So I need to get 5 row (ItemId = 3, 5, 6, 7, 8)
How do I write a query for this requirement?
You need to start by redesigning your database as this is is a very bad structure. You NEVER store a comma delimited list in a field. First think about waht fields you need and then design a proper database.
The very bad structure of this table (holding multiple values in one column) is the reason you are facing this issue. Your best option is to normalize the table.
But if you can't, then you can use the "Like" operator, with a wildcard
Select * From Table
Where items Like '%cricket%'
or
Select * From Table
Where items Like '%cricket%'
or items Like '%tenis%'
You will need to dynamically construct these sql queries from the inputs the user makes. The other alternative is to write code on the server to turn the comma delimited list of parameters into a table variable or temp table and then join to it..
Delimited values in columns is almost always a bad table design. Fix your table structure.
If for some reason you are unable to do that, the best you can hope for is this:
SELECT * FROM [MyTable] WHERE items LIKE '%CRICKET%'
This is still very bad, for two important reasons:
Correctness. It would return values that only contain the word cricket. Using your tennis example, what if you also had a "tennis shoes" item?
Performance. It's not sargable, which means the query won't work with any indexes you may have on that column. That means your query will probably be incredibly slow.
If you need help fixing this structure, the solution is to add another table — we'll call it TableItems — with a column for your ItemID that will be a foreign key to your original table and an item field (singular) for each of your item values. Then you can join to that table and match a column value exactly. If these items work more like categories, where you want to rows with the "Cricket" item to match the same cricket item, you also want a third table to be an intersection between your original table and the other one I just had you create.
For a single item:
SELECT itemID, items FROM MyTable WHERE items LIKE '%cricket%'
For multiple items:
SELECT itemID, items FROM MyTable WHERE items LIKE '%tennis%' or items LIKE '%cricket%'
You'll need to parse the input and split them up and add each item to the query:
items LIKE '%item1%' or items LIKE '%item2%' or items LIKE '%item3%' ...
I think that in the interest of validity of data, it should be normalized so that you split the Items into a separate table with an item on each row.
In either case, here is a working sample that uses a user defined function to split the incoming string into a Table Variable and then uses JOIN with a LIKE
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.udf_ItemParse
(
#Input VARCHAR(8000),
#Delimeter char(1)='|'
)
RETURNS #ItemList TABLE
(
Item VARCHAR(50) ,
Pos int
)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE #Item varchar(50)
DECLARE #StartPos int, #Length int
DECLARE #Pos int
SET #Pos = 0
WHILE LEN(#Input) > 0
BEGIN
SET #StartPos = CHARINDEX(#Delimeter, #Input)
IF #StartPos < 0 SET #StartPos = 0
SET #Length = LEN(#Input) - #StartPos - 1
IF #Length < 0 SET #Length = 0
IF #StartPos > 0
BEGIN
SET #Pos = #Pos + 1
SET #Item = SUBSTRING(#Input, 1, #StartPos - 1)
SET #Input = SUBSTRING(#Input, #StartPos + 1, LEN(#Input) - #StartPos)
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SET #Pos = #Pos+1
SET #Item = #Input
SET #Input = ''
END
INSERT #ItemList (Item, Pos) VALUES(#Item, #Pos)
END
RETURN
END
GO
DECLARE #Itemstable TABLE
(
ItemId INT,
Items VarChar (1000)
)
INSERT INTO #Itemstable
SELECT 1 itemID, 'school,college' items UNION
SELECT 2, 'place, country' UNION
SELECT 3, 'college,cricket' UNION
SELECT 4, 'School,us,college' UNION
SELECT 5, 'cricket,country,place' UNION
SELECT 6, 'footbal,tenis,place' UNION
SELECT 7, 'names,tenis,cricket' UNION
SELECT 8, 'sports,tenis'
DECLARE #SearchParameter VarChar (100)
SET #SearchParameter = 'cricket'
SELECT DISTINCT ItemsTable.*
FROM #Itemstable ItemsTable
INNER JOIN udf_ItemParse (#SearchParameter, ',') udf
ON ItemsTable.Items LIKE '%' + udf.Item + '%'
SET #SearchParameter = 'cricket,tenis'
SELECT DISTINCT ItemsTable.*
FROM #Itemstable ItemsTable
INNER JOIN udf_ItemParse (#SearchParameter, ',') udf
ON ItemsTable.Items LIKE '%' + udf.Item + '%'
Why exactly are you using a database in the first place?
I mean : you are clearly not using it's potential. If you like using comma separated stuff, try a file.
In MySQL, create a fulltext index on your table:
CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX fx_mytable_items ON mytable (items)
and issue this query:
SELECT *
FROM mytable
WHERE MATCH(items) AGAINST ('cricket tennis' IN BOOLEAN MODE)

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