Pls help me
A few weeks ago it came out of gamemaker 2.3, practically in the gamemaker language they changed the scripts into functions, but now after converting the files to be able to reopen them, I double-checked all the scripts and etc but anyway when I start it it remains a black screen, however it doesn't give me any compilation errors or whatever, what could be the problem?
Ps.
I might sound stupid, but if someone has the same program as me I can pass the project to them so they can see the scripts for themselves, so basically it's just the base and there is only the script to make the player walk and for collisions, I know that no one would want to waste time, but I ask the same
Its possible that your code is stuck in an infinite loop, here's an example of what that might look like:
var doloop = true
while(doloop == true){
x += 1
y += 1
}
the "doloop" variable is never changed within the while loop, so it is always equal to true and the loop never ends. Because the code never finishes looping, it can never get around to drawing anything, so you end up with a black screen. The easiest way to check for these is to put a breakpoint/debugging point at the beginning and just after every while/for/do/ect loop and debug it. e.g. (I am using asterisks "*" to represent breakpoints)
var doloop = true
* while(doloop == true){
x += 1
y += 1
}
*
When you get to one of the loops remove the first breakpoint and hit the "continue" button in the debugger. If it (it being the computer) takes an longer than it should to hit the second breakpoint (as in, you wait for a ten seconds to or two minutes (depends on how complex the code is) and it still hasn't hit the second breakpoint), then you should replace the breakpoint at the beginning of the loop to check and make sure it is still in there. If it is still in the loop, then that is likely where the code is getting stuck. Review the loop and everywhere any associated variables are set/changed, and you should be able to find the problem (even if it takes a while).
Majestic_Monkey_ and the commentors are correct: use the debugger. It's easy and it's your friend. Just place a red circle on the very first line of code that runs, and click the little bug icon and you can step through your code easily.
But to address your specific issue (or if anyone in the future has this issue): scripts have changed into files that can have many functions. Where you used to have
//script_name
var num = argument0 + argument1;
return num;
You would now have
function script_name(a, b) {
var num = a + b;
return num;
}
All you have to do is create a decleration for your new function:
function my_function_name(argument_names, etc...)
Then wrap all your old code in { }, and replace all those ugly "argument0" things with actual names. It's that easy. Plus you can have more than one function per script!
I'm trying to give my tmux panes individual titles. Since there is nothing built into tmux to assign titles, I'm using a function that will receive various properties of the pane and then lookup the title that I want based on those properties, and echo it out.
However, the test inside the function is not working as expected. Even when the session_name "portal" is passed in, it does not match the string "portal", even though the output is always exactly "portal".
I've removed all irrelevant code from the function to show just exactly the failing match:
tmux_pane_title() {
local session_name=$1
# ...
if [[ "$session_name" = "portal" ]] && echo ".${session_name}." || echo "-${session_name}-"
# ...
}
tmux set pane-border-format "#P: `tmux_pane_title \"#{session_name}\" \"#{pane_current_command}\" \"#{pane_current_path}\"` "
It always echos out "-portal-", showing the $1 is in fact "portal", but it does not match "portal" in the test.
I have tried using sed to remove newlines, but it made no difference.
However if I hard-code "portal" into the tmux format for pane-border-format it will suddenly work, suggesting there's some weird control character hidden in the name preventing it from working when I pass in session_name
tmux set pane-border-format "#P: `tmux_pane_title \"portal\" \"#{pane_current_command}\" \"#{pane_current_path}\"` "
If that's the case, how can I find and eliminate the control character? (And why would it be there? I did not enter anything weird into my tmuxinator.yml file for the session name.)
I've already tried removing control characters like this:
local session_name=$(echo $1 | tr -d "[:cntrl:]")
If that's not the case, how can I figure out what is breaking this function?
P.S. I'm on tmux 3.1b.
This is NOT an answer to the question, but it is a step in the direction of a solution to the problem that led me to ask the question. If you have the same problem, this may be helpful.
Although I'm still interested in solving the mystery related to the failing test, I found a way to set my pane titles more easily1.
There is a pane_title property that can be used in your pane-border-format:
tmux set pane-border-format "#{pane_title}"
If you set this format, then you can set the title with printf and escape sequences:
printf '\033]2;%s\033\\' 'your desired title'
(I had read about the printf technique elsewhere, both on and off SO, but it fails if you don't have the proper format including pane_title. No where else did I see these two things mentioned together. Without the combination, it fails. Assuming that the default format is set is not a safe assumption.)
A complete answer is still useful, so I could do things like this:
tmux set pane-border-format " #P: #{?pane_title,#{pane_title},`tmux_pane_title \"#{session_name}\" \"#{pane_current_command}\" \"#{pane_current_path}\"`} "
That would choose an explicit title if one were set, and default to the function to choose one. So please don't close this question as a duplicate of others that relate to setting tmux pane titles. IT IS DIFFERENT.
1In other words, I solved the problem but I didn't answer the question. Many people think SO is a problem-solving site, but it describes itself as a question & answer site. I doubt if many people have given this distinction much thought, but they are very different things.
I am running an "autoit3.chm" file. When it runs, I would like to send a down key arrow but it doesn't work:
$file = FileGetShortName("C:\Users\PHSD100-SIC\Desktop\AutoIt3.chm")
Run(#ComSpec & " /c start " & $file)
WinWaitActive("AutoIT Help")
Send("{DOWN}")
Well, you're just waiting for the wrong Window Title... Try WinWaitActive("AutoIt Help") and it will work... Your "T" must be a "t"...
To find this out, you just need to check your script output and after your CHM-File has been opened you'll see that your script is still running. But you would have expected it to execute the Send(...) and then terminate. So your script must still be waiting for the expected window to appear. Which will lead you to double check your window title, probably you'll directly copy the window title with the AutoIt Window Info Tool, and this shows your mistake. Correct it. Viola, be happy =)
Besides: You don't need to run a Command-Prompt first, you can call ShellExecute($file) directly instead.
If you use the AutoIt Window Info tool, it helps with these issues, and it's also good practice to debug with ConsoleWrite(...)s.
For example, a simple one would be as before. However, you should probably use timeouts or variables and use the return for success/fail.
WinWaitActive("Window")
ConsoleWrite("Success")
Send("{DOWN}")
ConsoleWrite("Success")
Use following syntax for down key enter
Send("{DOWN 2}")
and similar for Up key enter
Send("{UP 2}")
I'm using Emacs 24 on Windows to write some R code. Up until about 30 minutes ago, whenever I would write a new function, ESS would automatically indent the lines following the function declaration and pressing the tab key on a new blank line would jump me to the appropriately indented starting position inside the declaration.
EG:
foo <- function() {
first line started here
second line here. .etc
}
Now, it is hard wrapping everything to the left, and not responding by automatically indenting after the function declaration or when I hit the tab key.
foo <- function() {
first line
second line
}
I've googled, but my google-fu is failing me on this. Anyone know how to restore default tab behavior to ESS in Emacs?
just for the record. Whenever such things happens, select the whole buffer C-x h and press C-M-\ to indent the whole region. This will show unambiguously the syntax error.
Try to add a space after "#".
I don't think ESS-mode handles # as a comment unless you have space after it.
I just came across the same problem you describe.
None of the above seemed to work, but I narrowed it down to using a carriage return and then an open parenthesis inside a string, like so:
### indent ( <tab> ) working fine up to here
s1 <- "string
(then this in brackets)"
### now indent does nothing!
The fact that it's balanced later doesn't help. I think EMACS reads this as opening a new expression/ block in spite of the fact that it occurs in a quoted string. This seems to apply also to expression openers { and [. It only seems to happen when the 'open expression' symbol appears at the start of the line...
In my case the string was part of a plot label, so the solution was to use \n instead.
As it currently stands, this question is not a good fit for our Q&A format. We expect answers to be supported by facts, references, or expertise, but this question will likely solicit debate, arguments, polling, or extended discussion. If you feel that this question can be improved and possibly reopened, visit the help center for guidance.
Closed 11 years ago.
There are a plethora of questions where people talk about common tricks, notably "Vim+ctags tips and tricks".
However, I don't refer to commonly used shortcuts that someone new to Vim would find cool. I am talking about a seasoned Unix user (be they a developer, administrator, both, etc.), who thinks they know something 99% of us never heard or dreamed about. Something that not only makes their work easier, but also is COOL and hackish. After all, Vim resides in the most dark-corner-rich OS in the world, thus it should have intricacies that only a few privileged know about and want to share with us.
Might not be one that 99% of Vim users don't know about, but it's something I use daily and that any Linux+Vim poweruser must know.
Basic command, yet extremely useful.
:w !sudo tee %
I often forget to sudo before editing a file I don't have write permissions on. When I come to save that file and get a permission error, I just issue that vim command in order to save the file without the need to save it to a temp file and then copy it back again.
You obviously have to be on a system with sudo installed and have sudo rights.
Something I just discovered recently that I thought was very cool:
:earlier 15m
Reverts the document back to how it was 15 minutes ago. Can take various arguments for the amount of time you want to roll back, and is dependent on undolevels. Can be reversed with the opposite command :later
:! [command] executes an external command while you're in Vim.
But add a dot after the colon, :.! [command], and it'll dump the output of the command into your current window. That's : . !
For example:
:.! ls
I use this a lot for things like adding the current date into a document I'm typing:
:.! date
Not exactly obscure, but there are several "delete in" commands which are extremely useful, like..
diw to delete the current word
di( to delete within the current parens
di" to delete the text between the quotes
Others can be found on :help text-objects
de Delete everything till the end of the word by pressing . at your heart's desire.
ci(xyz[Esc] -- This is a weird one. Here, the 'i' does not mean insert mode. Instead it means inside the parenthesis. So this sequence cuts the text inside parenthesis you're standing in and replaces it with "xyz". It also works inside square and figure brackets -- just do ci[ or ci{ correspondingly. Naturally, you can do di (if you just want to delete all text without typing anything. You can also do a instead of i if you want to delete the parentheses as well and not just text inside them.
ci" - cuts the text in current quotes
ciw - cuts the current word. This works just like the previous one except that ( is replaced with w.
C - cut the rest of the line and switch to insert mode.
ZZ -- save and close current file (WAY faster than Ctrl-F4 to close the current tab!)
ddp - move current line one row down
xp -- move current character one position to the right
U - uppercase, so viwU upercases the word
~ - switches case, so viw~ will reverse casing of entire word
Ctrl+u / Ctrl+d scroll the page half-a-screen up or down. This seems to be more useful than the usual full-screen paging as it makes it easier to see how the two screens relate. For those who still want to scroll entire screen at a time there's Ctrl+f for Forward and Ctrl+b for Backward. Ctrl+Y and Ctrl+E scroll down or up one line at a time.
Crazy but very useful command is zz -- it scrolls the screen to make this line appear in the middle. This is excellent for putting the piece of code you're working on in the center of your attention. Sibling commands -- zt and zb -- make this line the top or the bottom one on the sreen which is not quite as useful.
% finds and jumps to the matching parenthesis.
de -- delete from cursor to the end of the word (you can also do dE to delete until the next space)
bde -- delete the current word, from left to right delimiter
df[space] -- delete up until and including the next space
dt. -- delete until next dot
dd -- delete this entire line
ye (or yE) -- yanks text from here to the end of the word
ce - cuts through the end of the word
bye -- copies current word (makes me wonder what "hi" does!)
yy -- copies the current line
cc -- cuts the current line, you can also do S instead. There's also lower cap s which cuts current character and switches to insert mode.
viwy or viwc. Yank or change current word. Hit w multiple times to keep selecting each subsequent word, use b to move backwards
vi{ - select all text in figure brackets. va{ - select all text including {}s
vi(p - highlight everything inside the ()s and replace with the pasted text
b and e move the cursor word-by-word, similarly to how Ctrl+Arrows normally do. The definition of word is a little different though, as several consecutive delmiters are treated as one word. If you start at the middle of a word, pressing b will always get you to the beginning of the current word, and each consecutive b will jump to the beginning of the next word. Similarly, and easy to remember, e gets the cursor to the end of the current, and each subsequent, word.
similar to b/e, capital B and E move the cursor word-by-word using only whitespaces as delimiters.
capital D (take a deep breath) Deletes the rest of the line to the right of the cursor, same as Shift+End/Del in normal editors (notice 2 keypresses -- Shift+D -- instead of 3)
One that I rarely find in most Vim tutorials, but it's INCREDIBLY useful (at least to me), is the
g; and g,
to move (forward, backward) through the changelist.
Let me show how I use it. Sometimes I need to copy and paste a piece of code or string, say a hex color code in a CSS file, so I search, jump (not caring where the match is), copy it and then jump back (g;) to where I was editing the code to finally paste it. No need to create marks. Simpler.
Just my 2cents.
:%!xxd
Make vim into a hex editor.
:%!xxd -r
Revert.
Warning: If you don't edit with binary (-b), you might damage the file. – Josh Lee in the comments.
gv
Reselects last visual selection.
Sometimes a setting in your .vimrc will get overridden by a plugin or autocommand. To debug this a useful trick is to use the :verbose command in conjunction with :set. For example, to figure out where cindent got set/unset:
:verbose set cindent?
This will output something like:
cindent
Last set from /usr/share/vim/vim71/indent/c.vim
This also works with maps and highlights. (Thanks joeytwiddle for pointing this out.) For example:
:verbose nmap U
n U <C-R>
Last set from ~/.vimrc
:verbose highlight Normal
Normal xxx guifg=#dddddd guibg=#111111 font=Inconsolata Medium 14
Last set from ~/src/vim-holodark/colors/holodark.vim
:%TOhtml
Creates an html rendering of the current file.
Not sure if this counts as dark-corner-ish at all, but I've only just learnt it...
:g/match/y A
will yank (copy) all lines containing "match" into the "a/#a register. (The capitalization as A makes vim append yankings instead of replacing the previous register contents.) I used it a lot recently when making Internet Explorer stylesheets.
Want to look at your :command history?
q:
Then browse, edit and finally to execute the command.
Ever make similar changes to two files and switch back and forth between them? (Say, source and header files?)
:set hidden
:map <TAB> :e#<CR>
Then tab back and forth between those files.
Vim will open a URL, for example
vim http://stackoverflow.com/
Nice when you need to pull up the source of a page for reference.
Macros can call other macros, and can also call itself.
eg:
qq0dwj#qq#q
...will delete the first word from every line until the end of the file.
This is quite a simple example but it demonstrates a very powerful feature of vim
Assuming you have Perl and/or Ruby support compiled in, :rubydo and :perldo will run a Ruby or Perl one-liner on every line in a range (defaults to entire buffer), with $_ bound to the text of the current line (minus the newline). Manipulating $_ will change the text of that line.
You can use this to do certain things that are easy to do in a scripting language but not so obvious using Vim builtins. For example to reverse the order of the words in a line:
:perldo $_ = join ' ', reverse split
To insert a random string of 8 characters (A-Z) at the end of every line:
:rubydo $_ += ' ' + (1..8).collect{('A'..'Z').to_a[rand 26]}.join
You are limited to acting on one line at a time and you can't add newlines.
^O and ^I
Go to older/newer position.
When you are moving through the file (by searching, moving commands etc.) vim rember these "jumps", so you can repeat these jumps backward (^O - O for old) and forward (^I - just next to I on keyboard). I find it very useful when writing code and performing a lot of searches.
gi
Go to position where Insert mode was stopped last.
I find myself often editing and then searching for something. To return to editing place press gi.
gf
put cursor on file name (e.g. include header file), press gf and the file is opened
gF
similar to gf but recognizes format "[file name]:[line number]". Pressing gF will open [file name] and set cursor to [line number].
^P and ^N
Auto complete text while editing (^P - previous match and ^N next match)
^X^L
While editing completes to the same line (useful for programming).
You write code and then you recall that you have the same code somewhere in file. Just press ^X^L and the full line completed
^X^F
Complete file names.
You write "/etc/pass" Hmm. You forgot the file name. Just press ^X^F and the filename is completed
^Z or :sh
Move temporary to the shell. If you need a quick bashing:
press ^Z (to put vi in background) to return to original shell and press fg to return to vim back
press :sh to go to sub shell and press ^D/exit to return to vi back
Typing == will correct the indentation of the current line based on the line above.
Actually, you can do one = sign followed by any movement command. ={movement}
For example, you can use the % movement which moves between matching braces. Position the cursor on the { in the following code:
if (thisA == that) {
//not indented
if (some == other) {
x = y;
}
}
And press =% to instantly get this:
if (thisA == that) {
//not indented
if (some == other) {
x = y;
}
}
Alternately, you could do =a{ within the code block, rather than positioning yourself right on the { character.
" insert range ip's
"
" ( O O )
" =======oOO=(_)==OOo======
:for i in range(1,255) | .put='10.0.0.'.i | endfor
This is a nice trick to reopen the current file with a different encoding:
:e ++enc=cp1250 %:p
Useful when you have to work with legacy encodings. The supported encodings are listed in a table under encoding-values (see help encoding-values). Similar thing also works for ++ff, so that you can reopen file with Windows/Unix line ends if you get it wrong for the first time (see help ff).
imap jj <esc>
Let's see some pretty little IDE editor do column transposition.
:%s/\(.*\)^I\(.*\)/\2^I\1/
Explanation
\( and \) is how to remember stuff in regex-land. And \1, \2 etc is how to retrieve the remembered stuff.
>>> \(.*\)^I\(.*\)
Remember everything followed by ^I (tab) followed by everything.
>>> \2^I\1
Replace the above stuff with "2nd stuff you remembered" followed by "1st stuff you remembered" - essentially doing a transpose.
Not exactly a dark secret, but I like to put the following mapping into my .vimrc file, so I can hit "-" (minus) anytime to open the file explorer to show files adjacent to the one I just edit. In the file explorer, I can hit another "-" to move up one directory, providing seamless browsing of a complex directory structures (like the ones used by the MVC frameworks nowadays):
map - :Explore<cr>
These may be also useful for somebody. I like to scroll the screen and advance the cursor at the same time:
map <c-j> j<c-e>
map <c-k> k<c-y>
Tab navigation - I love tabs and I need to move easily between them:
map <c-l> :tabnext<enter>
map <c-h> :tabprevious<enter>
Only on Mac OS X: Safari-like tab navigation:
map <S-D-Right> :tabnext<cr>
map <S-D-Left> :tabprevious<cr>
Often, I like changing current directories while editing - so I have to specify paths less.
cd %:h
I like to use 'sudo bash', and my sysadmin hates this. He locked down 'sudo' so it could only be used with a handful of commands (ls, chmod, chown, vi, etc), but I was able to use vim to get a root shell anyway:
bash$ sudo vi +'silent !bash' +q
Password: ******
root#
I often use many windows when I work on a project and sometimes I need to resize them. Here's what I use:
map + <C-W>+
map - <C-W>-
These mappings allow to increase and decrease the size of the current window. It's quite simple but it's fast.
:r! <command>
pastes the output of an external command into the buffer.
Do some math and get the result directly in the text:
:r! echo $((3 + 5 + 8))
Get the list of files to compile when writing a Makefile:
:r! ls *.c
Don't look up that fact you read on wikipedia, have it directly pasted into the document you are writing:
:r! lynx -dump http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whatever
Not an obscure feature, but very useful and time saving.
If you want to save a session of your open buffers, tabs, markers and other settings, you can issue the following:
mksession session.vim
You can open your session using:
vim -S session.vim
Map F5 to quickly ROT13 your buffer:
map <F5> ggg?G``
You can use it as a boss key :).
I use vim for just about any text editing I do, so I often times use copy and paste. The problem is that vim by default will often times distort imported text via paste. The way to stop this is to use
:set paste
before pasting in your data. This will keep it from messing up.
Note that you will have to issue :set nopaste to recover auto-indentation. Alternative ways of pasting pre-formatted text are the clipboard registers (* and +), and :r!cat (you will have to end the pasted fragment with ^D).
It is also sometimes helpful to turn on a high contrast color scheme. This can be done with
:color blue
I've noticed that it does not work on all the versions of vim I use but it does on most.
I just found this one today via NSFAQ:
Comment blocks of code.
Enter Blockwise Visual mode by hitting CTRL-V.
Mark the block you wish to comment.
Hit I (capital I) and enter your comment string at the beginning of the line. (// for C++)
Hit ESC and all lines selected will have // prepended to the front of the line.