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I am confused between two DNS notions.
My question is what is the difference between a "DNS zone" and a "DNS domain"?
thanks
As explained here:
Domain name servers store information about part of the domain name
space called a zone. The name server is authoritative for a particular
zone. A single name server can be authoritative for many zones.
Understanding the difference between a zone and a domain is sometimes
confusing. A zone is simply a portion of a domain. For example, the
Domain Microsoft.com may contain all of the data for Microsoft.com,
Marketing.microsoft.com and Development.microsoft.com. However, the
zone Microsoft.com contains only information for Microsoft.com and
references to the authoritative name servers for the subdomains.
The zone Microsoft.com can contain the data for subdomains of
Microsoft.com if they have not been delegated to another server. For
example, Marketing.microsoft.com may manage its own delegated zone.
Development.microsoft.com may be managed by the parent, Microsoft.com.
If there are no subdomains, then the zone and domain are essentially
the same. In this case the zone contains all data for the domain.
More details are available here and here.
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So I happened to input "blue.com" into the browser to see if the domain was available. It timed out immediately, which I thought was odd, so I used tracert in the Windows console and saw it was equivalent to inputting localhost (resolves to 127.0.0.1).
It may be worth noting that green.com resolves to nothing, and is registered by MarkMonitor Inc, where blue.com is registered by Domain The Net Technologies Ltd. Both are domain management companies.
I cannot find anything online about this at all. Can anyone explain why blue.com resolves to localhost while other domains do not?
Any domain name can be registered to "point" or "resolve" to any IP address. This is done using what is called an "A Record" or "Address Record". Various other kinds of records can be found here.
In short, when someone registers a domain name as an "Address Record", they can choose any IP address they wish, including "127.0.0.1". Why Domain The Net Technologies chose to do so is something only they know, but technically there could be any number of domains which point to that address.
To learn more about how domain name servers work internally, check out this site which explains how you can make one yourself.
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Whats the difference bewteen a GSLB and ADC. I can see that both can do load balancing, but i want to know the difference and additional functionalities each can perform. And i'd also want to know if one can replace the other.
GSLB is a general Term: Global Server Load Balancing
ADC is a Citrix product which does GSLB as well as proxying traffic.
To replace an ADC deployment, which saves f**king money(man they charge lots for it),
the proxy part can be replaced with NGINX + Server, the GSLB(which is just DNS with healthchecks) can be replaced with BIND(which actually runs on ADC as a service) and healthckeck to the backend server to remove/add record to DNS.
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Obviously the difference is that one can and one cannot access Netflix. But how does Netflix ban VPNs while not catching VPNs designed specifically to access Netflix?
The main difference is the question of whether Netflix knows about them yet or not.
In time, the VPNs which can access Netflix today will likely end up being blocked by from accessing the service when Netflix's analysis of incoming connections reveals IP addresses which could belong to VPNs used to circumvent their restrictions.
It is possible that some operators of VPN services may make use of IP addresses which are changed periodically to make detection less likely and this is how they may go for an extended period of time without being blocked.
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I am studying networking and operating systems and I stumbled upon this statement:
If there is no default gateway in the routing table we can't transfer packets to all the addresses.
I am asking whether the above statement is correct?
Yes the statement is true. Here is the definition from wikipedia
A default gateway in computer networking is the node that is assumed
to know how to forward packets on to other networks. Typically, in a
TCP/IP network, nodes such as servers, workstations and network
devices each have a defined default route setting, (pointing to the
default gateway), defining where to send packets for IP addresses for
which they can determine no specific route.
A routing table can not store information of all the possible routes to which the computer may connect. So it needs a default mechanism to send traffic to computers for which no known path exists. The way is to route all such packets to default gateway.
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I live in the UK and my ISP BT has blocked the pirate bay. I know you can just use proxies. I thought I'd be smart and get the pirate bay IP and connect to it that way, but it turns out BT has blocked the pirate bays IP. So I was wondering how does an ISP block you from accessing IP addresses?
Your ISP is by definition on path to anything you access. It can just keep a list of IPs that they will not let you access and can hijack connections to them.
So for example when you connect to 192.0.2.1 they can just reply directly instead of letting the packets go to the real IP, and their reply is just a page displaying something like "site blocked etc".
Alternatively they could just not pass the packets forward and you would get a timeout. The gist of the matter is that since they are always on path they can always just check the destination IP in your packets.
They Know each Root u go, logic compairs Target ip with blacklists! Thats it
Considering all your traffic goes through your ISP, it's within their power to block anything or everything from their side.
Also take note, a websites "address" only exists in the pretty version(www.something.com) because it makes it easier to read for people, than a bunch of numbers(an IP).
But in practice, when you visit a website, the first is always converted into the latter, so there's no difference if you visit piratebay.com or whatever it's IP number is.