Media Queries - In between two widths - css

I'm trying to use CSS3 media queries to make a class that only appears when the width is greater than 400px and less than 900px. I know this is probably extremely simple and I am missing something obvious, but I can't figure it out. What I have come up with is the below code, appreciate any help.
#media (max-width:400px) and (min-width:900px) {
.class {
display: none;
}
}

You need to switch your values:
/* No less than 400px, no greater than 900px */
#media (min-width:400px) and (max-width:900px) {
.foo {
display:none;
}
}​
Demo: http://jsfiddle.net/xf6gA/ (using background color, so it's easier to confirm)

#Jonathan Sampson i think your solution is wrong if you use multiple #media.
You should use (min-width first):
#media screen and (min-width:400px) and (max-width:900px){
...
}

just wanted to leave my .scss example here, I think its kinda best practice, especially I think if you do customization its nice to set the width only once! It is not clever to apply it everywhere, you will increase the human factor exponentially.
Im looking forward for your feedback!
// Set your parameters
$widthSmall: 768px;
$widthMedium: 992px;
// Prepare your "function"
#mixin in-between {
#media (min-width:$widthSmall) and (max-width:$widthMedium) {
#content;
}
}
// Apply your "function"
main {
#include in-between {
//Do something between two media queries
padding-bottom: 20px;
}
}

.class {
display: none;
}
#media (min-width:400px) and (max-width:900px) {
.class {
display: block; /* just an example display property */
}
}

Related

Modify CSS variable in media query

Is there a way to modify a previously-declared CSS variable inside a media query with just vanilla CSS? What I'm after would look like this (which of course doesn't work as the variables all get computed in the end):
#container {
--elem-size: 20px;
}
#media only screen and (min-width: 800px) {
#container {
--elem-size: calc(var(--elem-size) * 2);
}
}
I'm aware that it would be possible to declare a "base variable" (e.g. --base-elem-size) and then use it to generate new variable values for different viewports. However, I'm working with a very large number of CSS variables which makes it undesirable to create a duplicate base set out of them. The ideal solution would be able to "modify" a previously-declared value.
This might be far from ideal but to some degrees does define the style in one line. It uses fallback values of CSS variables.
Open full screen and change window size to see the result:
:root {
--elem-size-base: 50px;
}
#container {
/* 👇 Fallback for base value, optional 2nd fallback for no variable value */
width: var(--elem-size, var(--elem-size-base, 50px));
height: var(--elem-size, var(--elem-size-base, 50px));
outline: 2px solid #000;
background-color: pink;
}
#media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
#container {
/* 👇 This variable for various #media */
--elem-size: calc(var(--elem-size-base) * 2);
background-color: lightblue;
}
}
#media only screen and (min-width: 1024px) {
#container {
/* 👇 This variable for various #media */
--elem-size: calc(var(--elem-size-base) * 4);
background-color: lightgreen;
}
}
<div id="container"></div>
I think having base CSS variables would make your CSS much more readable and easier to maintain, specially if you are working with a big codebase.
May be something like this:
:root {
/* Define you base variables */
--font-size-default: 16px;
--font-size--large: calc(var(--font-size-default) * 1.25);
/* Assign the base variable to the element variables */
--elem-size: var(--font-size-default);
}
#media screen and (min-width: 840px) {
:root {
/* Change base variable used for element variable */
--elem-size: var(--font-size--large);
}
}
This allows you to set a base font-size variable and one (or more) "variants" of that variable, which you can then use on your whole project
I would suggest you look into something like the Open Props (which has some really great ideas for what base variables can be and how to use them)

Deduplicating CSS rules when using #media queries

I've noticed more and more that my stylesheets generally have repeated rules as a normal selector as well as inside a #media ... {} query and generates quite a lot of CSS bloat.
Here's a simple use-case of the problem that I see popping up ad nauseam:
.big-red {
color:red;
font-size: 3em;
... lots of other stuff
}
.dynamic-uber-class {
color:green;
font-size:2em;
}
#media only screen and (min-width: 48em) {
.dynamic-uber-class {
color:red;
font-size: 3em;
... lots of other .big-red duplicated stuff
}
}
I notice that the problem becomes increasingly problematic when I use mixins in less or scss (because it's really easy to add), but what's really needed is mixins in CSS (for which I won't be holding my breath!). That said, I've noticed CSS-Properties, with some support and #apply that has no support.
Has anyone stumbled on a CSS only way of not having this duplication?
I'm aware that with a bit of Javascript I can simply add/remove classes, but I like my sites working properly with javascript disabled (as much as possible).
Edit:
For those struggling to understand the problem, take a real-world example from bootstrap's grid:
.col-xs-12 {
width: 100%;
}
.col-xs-11 {
width: 91.66666667%;
}
.col-xs-10 {
width: 83.33333333%;
}
...
#media (min-width: 768px) {
.col-sm-12 {
width: 100%;
}
.col-sm-11 {
width: 91.66666667%;
}
.col-sm-10 {
width: 83.33333333%;
}
}
If you've ever looked at the generated CSS of bootstrap it is very fat indeed due to the problem.
Why not something like this:
.uber-class, .dynamic-uber-class {
color:red;
font-size: 3em;
... lots of other duplicated stuff
}
#media only screen and (min-width: 48em) {
.dynamic-uber-class {
... only unique styles
}
}

less :extend() with media queries

I am trying to extend a simple class
.positionAbsolute {
position: absolute;
}
My issue here is that I can extend it like:
#something:extend(.positionAbsolute) {
something else
}
But from inside the media query itself, If i try from outside no rule is extended at all.
Is this the normal behaviour?, why is doing that?, In such case I will have to create like four equal classes to extend in each media query case, is there some workaround?
Thank you
I'm not sure I understand it right (it's always hard to guess w/o seeing an exact CSS output you need to achieve), but it looks like you need something like:
.positionAbsolute {
position: absolute;
}
#something:extend(.positionAbsolute) {
#media only screen and (min-width: 1024px) {
something: else;
}
}
The other way around is:
.positionAbsolute {
position: absolute;
}
#class-1,
#class-2 {
&:extend(.positionAbsolute);
}
#media only screen and (min-width: 1024px) {
#class-1 {
something: else;
}
#class-2 {
something-even: more else;
}
}
That way you will have to repeat selectors instead of media queries.
I was trying to do this, and was quite disappointed I couldn't put the extend within a media query. Fortunately I was able to use a mixin for what I wanted. This may work for some situations. I can't really tell what you're actually doing with your case.
.centerVertically()
{
content: '';
display: inline-block;
height: 100%;
vertical-align: middle;
margin-right: -0.25em;
border: 2px solid red;
.content
{
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
}
}
used in media query
#media screen and (min-width: #break_tablet)
{
/* doesn't work
&:before:extend(.centerVertically_wrapper){}
.content:extend(.centerVertically_child){}
*/
.centerVertically();
The best I came up with I turned into a GIST here. Basically, I created an externalized reference mixin for the query and imported all the possible contexts into it. LESS sees through the query when you are referencing a class to extend but it will export it.
Reference:
.narrow {
#media screen and (max-aspect-ratio: 1/1) {
#import "position";
#import "z";
}
}
Export:
#import (reference) "narrow";
.style-1:extend(.position .abs, .narrow .position .rel) {
}
.style-2:extend(.narrow .position .rel) {
}
.style-3:extend(.narrow .z .index-1) {
}

Media Query Styles Not Overriding Original Styles

I'm attempting to use some media queries for a website I'm building. The problem I'm having however, is while the media query styles are actually being applied, they're being overridden. I can't for the life of me tell why because I'm using the same exact selectors. Can anyone point out something that I'm not seeing?
ORIGINAL CSS
#global-wrapper-outer > #global-wrapper-inner {
width: 85%;
height: 100%;
margin: 0 auto;
position: relative;
}
#global-wrapper-outer > #global-wrapper-inner > nav {
background: #fff;
padding-bottom: 20px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 2px -2px gray;
}
MEDIA QUERY CSS
#media screen and (max-width:1024px) {
#global-wrapper-outer > #global-wrapper-inner {
width: 100%;
}
#global-wrapper-outer > #global-wrapper-inner > nav {
display: none;
}
}
The second media query is working fine, where I set the nav to have a display of none. However, when I try to set the width of #global-wrapper-inner to 100% it doesn't apply. I can see the style being "applied" when I press F12 and select that element. However, the style itself is crossed out and not actually applied and it still has the original width of 85%.
The selectors in your original CSS have the same specificity as the selectors within your media queries (the first declarations are also targeting the same property - width) and because the media query rule set is being overridden I'm going to assume that it appears before the original rule set.
The second media query selector works because it's targeting a property that wasn't set in your original CSS, so specificity isn't relevant.
To have the first media query selector take precedence, prepend an ancestor element to it:
#media screen and (max-width:1024px) {
body #global-wrapper-outer > #global-wrapper-inner {
width: 100%;
}
#global-wrapper-outer > #global-wrapper-inner > nav {
display: none;
}
}
You need to link the media query file (queries.css) later than the normal css file (style.css). That way the rules in the queries.css will override those in style.css.
I have been at least 2 hours trying to find the override CSS problem till I found that my line comments where wrong... And the second definition of CSS wasn't working:
So, don't be so stupid as I !:
/* LITTLE SCREENS */
#media screen and (max-width: 990px) {
... whatever ...
}
/* BIG SCREENS */
#media screen and (min-width: 990px) {
... whatever more ...
}
never use: Double bar as I did:
// This is not a comment in CSS!
/* This is a comment in CSS! */
Here is the answer. (at least what worked for me)
I've had this problem before, and it took me a while to realize what I did, but once I figured it out it's actually pretty easy.
Ok so imagine I have this as the html
<main>
<div class = "child1"> </div>
<div class = "child2"> </div>
</main>
and then this as the CSS
main .child1{
height: 50px;
}
/* now let's try to use media quaries */
#media only screen and (max-width: 768px) {
.child1{
width: 75%;
}
}
The code above won't affect the .child. Just like someone mentioned above, the main .child1 overrides .child1. So the way you make it work is to select the element just like we did at the very beginning of the CSS above.
/* this will work */
#media only screen and (max-width: 768px) {
main .child1{
width: 75%;
}
}
So as a conclusion... select the elements the same way every time.
Meaning ... for example in the above code, in your CSS, you should either select it as main .child1throughout the whole CSS or .child1 or else they get mixed up, one ends up overriding the other.
From the code you submitted, this probably won't resolve your issue. However, in your CSS if you are nesting styles inside of one another:
.main-container {
.main {
background: blue;
}
}
A media query for .main won't work because of the nesting. Take .main out of .main-container and then the media query will work as assumed:
.main-container {
}
.main {
background: blue;
}
Check if your media query braces are equal.
Sometimes it is very subtle but when you miss a single brace the rest of the media queries mentioned for certain break points will not work
example:
#media(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px){
#media (max-width: 767px){
.navbar-brand p {
font-size: .6em;
margin-top: 12px;}
.navbar-brand img {height: 20px;}
#collapsable-nav a {
font-size: 1.2em;
}
#collapsable-nav a span {
font-size: 1.2em;}
}
Here you can see i have started the braces for max-width:991px but forgot to end so the next set of codes in media query for max-width:767px will not work.
It is a very simple mistake but took hours because of lot of braces in the codes.
Hope it helps. Happy Coding!
What about using !important? If you range your media query from ( min-width: 176px ) and ( max-width: 736px ) or even up to 980px?
There can be some reasons because of which this type of error may occur.
I myself faced this issue where I was not able to understand what I am needed to do and was confused that, does media query just overrides the elements.
Here's what I understood:
MEDIA QUERY CSS:
#media screen and (max-width:1024px) {
#global-wrapper-outer > #global-wrapper-inner {
width: 100%;
}
#global-wrapper-outer > #global-wrapper-inner > nav {
display: none;
}
}
here you were able to override #global-wrapper-inner > nav i.e., 2nd media query selector, by display: none;
because you never added the display line in the original css, because of which there was nothing to override you just have given that display type should be none.
Whereas just in the 1st media query selector you already had given width:80%;
Basically media query doesn't override as far as I have understood but it take precedence, like already explained by one of them
by which media query comes to work:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/19038303/15394464
also if still did not get your doubt clear, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acqN6atXVAE&t=288s
then this might help.

Extending selectors from within media queries with Sass

I have an item class and a compact "modifier" class:
.item { ... }
.item.compact { /* styles to make .item smaller */ }
This is fine. However, I'd like to add a #media query that forces the .item class to be compact when the screen is small enough.
On first thought, this is what I tried to do:
.item { ... }
.item.compact { ... }
#media (max-width: 600px) {
.item { #extend .item.compact; }
}
But this generates the following error:
You may not #extend an outer selector from within #media. You may only
#extend selectors within the same directive.
How would I accomplish this using SASS without having to resort to copy/pasting styles?
The simple answer is: you can't because Sass can't (or won't) compose the selector for it. You can't be inside of a media query and extend something that's outside of a media query. It certainly would be nice if it would simply take a copy of it instead of trying to compose the selectors. But it doesn't so you can't.
Use a mixin
If you have a case where you're going to be reusing a block of code inside and outside of media queries and still want it to be able to extend it, then write both a mixin and an extend class:
#mixin foo {
// do stuff
}
%foo {
#include foo;
}
// usage
.foo {
#extend %foo;
}
#media (min-width: 30em) {
.bar {
#include foo;
}
}
Extend the selector within a media query from the outside
This won't really help your use case, but it is another option:
%foo {
#media (min-width: 20em) {
color: red;
}
}
#media (min-width: 30em) {
%bar {
background: yellow;
}
}
// usage
.foo {
#extend %foo;
}
.bar {
#extend %bar;
}
Wait until Sass lifts this restriction (or patch it yourself)
There are a number of ongoing discussions regarding this issue (please don't contribute to these threads unless you have something meaningful to add: the maintainers are already aware that users desire this functionality, it's just a question of how to implement it and what the syntax should be).
https://github.com/sass/sass/issues/1050
https://github.com/sass/sass/issues/456
For the record, here is how I ended up solving the problem with only duplicating generated styles once:
// This is where the actual compact styles live
#mixin compact-mixin { /* ... */ }
// Include the compact mixin for items that are always compact
.item.compact { #include compact-mixin; }
// Here's the tricky part, due to how SASS handles extending
.item { ... }
// The following needs to be declared AFTER .item, else it'll
// be overridden by .item's NORMAL styles.
#media (max-width: 600px) {
%compact { #include compact-mixin; }
// Afterwards we can extend and
// customize different item compact styles
.item {
#extend %compact;
/* Other styles that override %compact */
}
// As shown below, we can extend the compact styles as many
// times as we want without needing to re-extend
// the compact mixin, thus avoiding generating duplicate css
.item-alt {
#extend %compact;
}
}
I believe SASS/SCSS does not support the #extend directive inside of a media query. http://designshack.net/articles/css/sass-and-media-queries-what-you-can-and-cant-do/
You might need to use a mixin instead, though the code bloat needs to be weighed against your objective.
This is the cleanest, partial solution I've found. It takes advantage of #extend where possible and falls back to mixins when inside media queries.
Cross-Media Query #extend Directives in Sass
See the article for full details but the gist is that you call a mixin 'placeholder' that then decides whether to output #extend or an #include.
#include placeholder('clear') {
clear: both;
overflow: hidden;
}
.a {
#include _(clear);
}
.b {
#include _(clear);
}
.c {
#include breakpoint(medium) {
#include _(clear);
}
}
Ultimately it may not be better than just using mixins, which is currently the accepted answer.
I use breakpoints, but it's the same idea:
#mixin bp-small {
#media only screen and (max-width: 30em) {
#content;
}
How to use it:
.sidebar {
width: 60%;
float: left;
#include bp-small {
width: 100%;
float: none;
}
}
There is a text about mixins where you can find out more about this option.
Could you restructure?
.compact { //compact-styles }
.item {}
.item.compact { #extend .compact }
#media (max-width: 600px) {
.item { #extend .compact; }
}
If I understand the documentation correctly, that should work. I think the reason the way you're trying won't work is that it doesn't see .item.compact when it's parsing the #extend, but that's an uninformed guess, so take that with a truck load of salt! :)

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