Related
There will be a 4 pixel wide space between these span elements:
span {
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
background-color: palevioletred;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
Fiddle Demo
I understand that I could get rid of that space by removing the white-space between the span elements in the HTML:
<p>
<span> Foo </span><span> Bar </span>
</p>
I'm Looking for a CSS solution that doesn't involve:
Altering the HTML.
JavaScript.
Alternatively, you should now use flexbox to achieve many of the layouts that you may previously have used inline-block for: https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
Since this answer has become rather popular, I'm rewriting it significantly.
Let's not forget the actual question that was asked:
How to remove the space between inline-block elements? I was hoping
for a CSS solution that doesn't require the HTML source code to be
tampered with. Can this issue be solved with CSS alone?
It is possible to solve this problem with CSS alone, but there are no completely robust CSS fixes.
The solution I had in my initial answer was to add font-size: 0 to the parent element, and then declare a sensible font-size on the children.
http://jsfiddle.net/thirtydot/dGHFV/1361/
This works in recent versions of all modern browsers. It works in IE8. It does not work in Safari 5, but it does work in Safari 6. Safari 5 is nearly a dead browser (0.33%, August 2015).
Most of the possible issues with relative font sizes are not complicated to fix.
However, while this is a reasonable solution if you specifically need a CSS only fix, it's not what I recommend if you're free to change your HTML (as most of us are).
This is what I, as a reasonably experienced web developer, actually do to solve this problem:
<p>
<span>Foo</span><span>Bar</span>
</p>
Yes, that's right. I remove the whitespace in the HTML between the inline-block elements.
It's easy. It's simple. It works everywhere. It's the pragmatic solution.
You do sometimes have to carefully consider where whitespace will come from. Will appending another element with JavaScript add whitespace? No, not if you do it properly.
Let's go on a magical journey of different ways to remove the whitespace, with some new HTML:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
<li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
You can do this, as I usually do:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li><li>Item 2</li><li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
http://jsfiddle.net/thirtydot/dGHFV/1362/
Or, this:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li
><li>Item 2</li
><li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
Or, use comments:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li><!--
--><li>Item 2</li><!--
--><li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
Or, if you are using using PHP or similar:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li><?
?><li>Item 2</li><?
?><li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
Or, you can even skip certain closing tags entirely (all browsers are fine with this):
<ul>
<li>Item 1
<li>Item 2
<li>Item 3
</ul>
Now that I've gone and bored you to death with "one thousand different ways to remove whitespace, by thirtydot", hopefully you've forgotten all about font-size: 0.
For CSS3 conforming browsers there is white-space-collapsing:discard
see: http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-css3-text-20101005/#white-space-collapsing
Today, we should just use Flexbox.
OLD ANSWER:
OK, although I've upvoted both the font-size: 0; and the not implemented CSS3 feature answers,
after trying I found out that none of them is a real solution.
Actually, there is not even one workaround without strong side effects.
Then I decided to remove the spaces (this answers is about this argument) between the inline-block divs from my HTML source (JSP),
turning this:
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
to this
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
that is ugly, but working.
But, wait a minute... what if I'm generating my divs inside Taglibs loops (Struts2, JSTL, etc...) ?
For example:
<s:iterator begin="0" end="6" status="ctrDay">
<br/>
<s:iterator begin="0" end="23" status="ctrHour">
<s:push value="%{days[#ctrDay.index].hours[#ctrHour.index]}">
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div in a matrix
(Do something here with the pushed object...)
</div>
</s:push>
</s:iterator>
</s:iterator>
It is absolutely not thinkable to inline all that stuff, it would mean
<s:iterator begin="0" end="6" status="ctrDay">
<br/>
<s:iterator begin="0" end="23" status="ctrHour"><s:push value="%{days[#ctrDay.index].hours[#ctrHour.index]}"><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div in a matrix
(Do something here with the pushed object...)
</div></s:push></s:iterator>
</s:iterator>
That is not readable, hard to maintain and understand, etc.
The solution I found:
use HTML comments to connect the end of one div to the begin of the next one!
<s:iterator begin="0" end="6" status="ctrDay">
<br/>
<s:iterator begin="0" end="23" status="ctrHour"><!--
--><s:push value="%{days[#ctrDay.index].hours[#ctrHour.index]}"><!--
--><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div in a matrix
(Do something here with the pushed object...)
</div><!--
--></s:push><!--
--></s:iterator>
</s:iterator>
This way you will have a readable and correctly indented code.
And, as a positive side effect, the HTML source, although infested by empty comments,
will result correctly indented;
let's take the first example. In my humble opinion, this:
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div><!--
--><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
is better than this:
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
Add display: flex; to the parent element. Here is the solution with a prefix:
Simplified version 👇
p {
display: flex;
}
span {
width: 100px;
background: tomato;
font-size: 30px;
color: white;
text-align: center;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
Fix with prefix 👇
p {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
}
span {
float: left;
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
background: blue;
font-size: 30px;
color: white;
text-align: center;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
All the space elimination techniques for display:inline-block are nasty hacks...
Use Flexbox
It's awesome, solves all this inline-block layout bs, and as of 2017 has 98% browser support (more if you don't care about old IEs).
Are We Ready to Use Flexbox?
Using CSS flexible boxes - Web developer guide | MDN
A Complete Guide to Flexbox | CSS-Tricks
Flexy Boxes — CSS flexbox playground and code generation tool
Add comments between elements to NOT have a white space. For me it is easier than resetting font size to zero and then setting it back.
<div>
Element 1
</div><!--
--><div>
Element 2
</div>
This is the same answer I gave over on the related: Display: Inline block - What is that space?
There’s actually a really simple way to remove whitespace from inline-block that’s both easy and semantic. It’s called a custom font with zero-width spaces, which allows you to collapse the whitespace (added by the browser for inline elements when they're on separate lines) at the font level using a very tiny font. Once you declare the font, you just change the font-family on the container and back again on the children, and voila. Like this:
#font-face{
font-family: 'NoSpace';
src: url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.eot');
src: url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'),
url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.woff') format('woff'),
url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.ttf') format('truetype'),
url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.svg#NoSpace') format('svg');
}
body {
font-face: 'OpenSans', sans-serif;
}
.inline-container {
font-face: 'NoSpace';
}
.inline-container > * {
display: inline-block;
font-face: 'OpenSans', sans-serif;
}
Suit to taste. Here’s a download to the font I just cooked up in font-forge and converted with FontSquirrel webfont generator. Took me all of 5 minutes. The css #font-face declaration is included: zipped zero-width space font. It's in Google Drive so you'll need to click File > Download to save it to your computer. You'll probably need to change the font paths as well if you copy the declaration to your main css file.
2021 Solution
Unfortunately white-space-collapse is still not implemented.
In the meantime, give the parent element font-size: 0; and set the font-size on the children. This should do the trick
Two more options based on CSS Text Module Level 3 (instead of white-space-collapsing:discard which had been dropped from the spec draft):
word-spacing: -100%;
In theory, it should do exactly what is needed — shorten whitespaces
between 'words' by the 100% of the space character width, i.e. to
zero. But seems not to work anywhere, unfortunately, and this
feature is marked 'at risk' (it can be dropped from the specification, too).
word-spacing: -1ch;
It shortens the inter-word spaces by the width of the digit '0'. In a monospace font it should be exactly equal to the width of the space character (and any other character as well). This works in Firefox 10+, Chrome 27+, and almost works in Internet Explorer 9+.
Fiddle
Use flexbox and do a fallback (from suggestions above) for older browsers:
ul {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -moz-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: flex;
}
Though, technically not an answer to the question:
"How do I remove the space between inline-block elements?"
You can try the flexbox solution and apply the code below and the space will be remove.
p {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
You can learn more about it on this link: https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
Simple:
item {
display: inline-block;
margin-right: -0.25em;
}
There is no need to touch the parent element.
Only condition here: the item's font-size must not be defined (must be equal to parent's font-size).
0.25em is the default word-spacing
W3Schools - word-spacing property
font-size:0; can be a bit trickier to manage...
I think the following couple lines is a lot better and more re-usable, and time saver than any other methods. I personally use this:
.inline-block-wrapper>.inline-block-wrapper,
.inline-block-wrapper{letter-spacing: -4px;}
.inline-block-wrapper>*{letter-spacing: 0;display: inline-block;}
/* OR better shorter name...*/
.items>.items,
.items{letter-spacing: -4px;}
.items>*{letter-spacing: 0;display: inline-block;}
Then you can use it as following...
<ul class="items">
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
<li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
As far I as I know (I may be wrong) but all browsers support this method.
EXPLANATION:
This works (maybe -3px may be better) exactly as you would anticipate it to work.
you copy and paste the code (once)
then on your html just use class="items" on the parent of each inline-block.
You will NOT have the need to go back to the css, and add another css rule, for your new inline blocks.
Solving two issues at once.
Also note the > (greater than sign) this means that */all children should be inline-block.
http://jsfiddle.net/fD5u3/
NOTE: I have modified to accommodate to inherit letter-spacing when a wrapper has a child wrapper.
Generally we use elements like this in different lines, but in case of display:inline-block using tags in same line will remove the space, but in a different line will not.
An example with tags in a different line:
p span {
display: inline-block;
background: red;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
Example with tags in same line
p span {
display: inline-block;
background: red;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span><span> Bar </span>
</p>
Another efficient method is a CSS job that is using font-size:0 to the parent element and give font-size to a child element as much as you want.
p {
font-size: 0;
}
p span {
display: inline-block;
background: red;
font-size: 14px;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
The above methods may not work somewhere depending on the whole application, but the last method is a foolproof solution for this situation and can be used anywhere.
I'm not pretty sure if you want to make two blue spans without a gap or want to handle other white-space, but if you want to remove the gap:
span {
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
background: blue;
font-size: 30px;
color: white;
text-align: center;
float: left;
}
And done.
I had this problem right now and from font-size:0; I've found that in Internet Explorer 7 the problem remains because Internet Explorer thinks "Font Size 0?!?! WTF are you crazy man?" - So, in my case I've Eric Meyer's CSS reset and with font-size:0.01em; I have a difference of 1 pixel from Internet Explorer 7 to Firefox 9, so, I think this can be a solution.
p {
display: flex;
}
span {
float: left;
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
background: red;
font-size: 30px;
color: white;
}
<p>
<span> hello </span>
<span> world </span>
</p>
I’ve been tackling this recently and instead of setting the parent font-size:0 then setting the child back to a reasonable value, I’ve been getting consistent results by setting the parent container letter-spacing:-.25em then the child back to letter-spacing:normal.
In an alternate thread I saw a commenter mention that font-size:0 isn’t always ideal because people can control minimum font sizes in their browsers, completely negating the possibility of setting the font-size to zero.
Using ems appears to work regardless of whether the font-size specified is 100%, 15pt or 36px.
http://cdpn.io/dKIjo
I think there is a very simple/old method for this which is supported by all browsers even IE 6/7. We could simply set letter-spacing to a large negative value in parent and then set it back to normal at child elements:
body { font-size: 24px }
span { border: 1px solid #b0b0c0; } /* show borders to see spacing */
.no-spacing { letter-spacing: -1em; } /* could be a large negative value */
.no-spacing > * { letter-spacing: normal; } /* => back to normal spacing */
<p style="color:red">Wrong (default spacing):</p>
<div class="">
<span>Item-1</span>
<span>Item-2</span>
<span>Item-3</span>
</div>
<hr/>
<p style="color:green">Correct (no-spacing):</p>
<div class="no-spacing">
<span>Item-1</span>
<span>Item-2</span>
<span>Item-3</span>
</div>
The simplest answer to this question is to add.
css
float: left;
codepen link: http://jsfiddle.net/dGHFV/3560/
With PHP brackets:
ul li {
display: inline-block;
}
<ul>
<li>
<div>first</div>
</li><?
?><li>
<div>first</div>
</li><?
?><li>
<div>first</div>
</li>
</ul>
I'm going to expand on user5609829's answer a little bit as I believe the other solutions here are too complicated/too much work. Applying a margin-right: -4px to the inline block elements will remove the spacing and is supported by all browsers. See the updated fiddle here. For those concerned with using negative margins, try giving this a read.
The CSS Text Module Level 4 specification defines a text-space-collapse property, which allow to control the how white space inside and around an element is processed.
So, regarding your example, you would just have to write this:
p {
text-space-collapse: discard;
}
Unfortunately, no browser is implementing this property yet (as of September 2016) as mentioned in the comments to the answer of HBP.
I found a pure CSS solution that worked for me very well in all browsers:
span {
display: table-cell;
}
Add white-space: nowrap to the container element:
CSS:
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row {
vertical-align: top;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.column{
float: left;
display: inline-block;
width: 50% // Or whatever in your case
}
HTML:
<div class="row">
<div class="column"> Some stuff</div>
<div class="column">Some other stuff</div>
</div>
Here is the Plunker.
There are lots of solutions like font-size:0,word-spacing,margin-left,letter-spacing and so on.
Normally I prefer using letter-spacing because
it seems ok when we assign a value which is bigger than the width of extra space(e.g. -1em).
However, it won't be okay with word-spacing and margin-left when we set bigger value like -1em.
Using font-size is not convenient when we try to using em as font-size unit.
So, letter-spacing seems to be the best choice.
However, I have to warn you
when you using letter-spacing you had better using -0.3em or -0.31em not others.
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
color: inherit;
cursor: auto;
}
.nav {
width: 260px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
color: white;
font-size: 20px;
letter-spacing: -1em;
}
.nav__text {
width: 90px;
height: 40px;
box-sizing: border-box;
border: 1px solid black;
line-height: 40px;
background-color: yellowgreen;
text-align: center;
display: inline-block;
letter-spacing: normal;
}
<nav class="nav">
<span class="nav__text">nav1</span>
<span class="nav__text">nav2</span>
<span class="nav__text">nav3</span>
</nav>
If you are using Chrome(test version 66.0.3359.139) or Opera(test version 53.0.2907.99), what you see might be:
If you are using Firefox(60.0.2),IE10 or Edge, what you see might be:
That's interesting. So, I checked the mdn-letter-spacing and found this:
length
Specifies extra inter-character space in addition to the default space between characters. Values may be negative, but there may be implementation-specific limits. User agents may not further increase or decrease the inter-character space in order to justify text.
It seems that this is the reason.
Add letter-spacing:-4px; on parent p css and add letter-spacing:0px; to your span css.
span {
display:inline-block;
width:100px;
background-color:palevioletred;
vertical-align:bottom;
letter-spacing:0px;
}
p {
letter-spacing:-4px;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
I thought I'd add something new to this question as although many of the answers currently provided are more than adequate & relevant, there are some new CSS properties which can achieve a very clean output, with full support across all browsers, and little to no 'hacks'. This does move away from inline-block but it gives you the same results as the question asked for.
These CSS properties are grid
CSS Grid is highly supported (CanIUse) apart from IE which only needs an -ms- prefix to allow for it to work.
CSS Grid is also highly flexible, and takes all the good parts from table, flex, and inline-block elements and brings them into one place.
When creating a grid you can specify the gaps between the rows and columns. The default gap is already set to 0px but you can change this value to whatever you like.
To cut it a bit short, heres a relevant working example:
body {
background: lightblue;
font-family: sans-serif;
}
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 100px 100px;
grid-column-gap: 0; /* Not needed but useful for example */
grid-row-gap: 0; /* Not needed but useful for example */
}
.box {
background: red;
}
.box:nth-child(even) {
background: green;
}
<div class="container">
<div class="box">
Hello
</div>
<div class="box">
Test
</div>
</div>
Negative margin
You can scoot the elements back into place with negative 4px of margin (may need to be adjusted based on font size of parent). Apparently this is problematic in older IE (6 & 7), but if you don’t care about those browsers at least you can keep the code formatting clean.
span {
display: inline-block;
margin-right: -4px;
}
One another way I found is applying margin-left as negative values except the first element of the row.
span {
display:inline-block;
width:100px;
background:blue;
font-size:30px;
color:white;
text-align:center;
margin-left:-5px;
}
span:first-child{
margin:0px;
}
There will be a 4 pixel wide space between these span elements:
span {
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
background-color: palevioletred;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
Fiddle Demo
I understand that I could get rid of that space by removing the white-space between the span elements in the HTML:
<p>
<span> Foo </span><span> Bar </span>
</p>
I'm Looking for a CSS solution that doesn't involve:
Altering the HTML.
JavaScript.
Alternatively, you should now use flexbox to achieve many of the layouts that you may previously have used inline-block for: https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
Since this answer has become rather popular, I'm rewriting it significantly.
Let's not forget the actual question that was asked:
How to remove the space between inline-block elements? I was hoping
for a CSS solution that doesn't require the HTML source code to be
tampered with. Can this issue be solved with CSS alone?
It is possible to solve this problem with CSS alone, but there are no completely robust CSS fixes.
The solution I had in my initial answer was to add font-size: 0 to the parent element, and then declare a sensible font-size on the children.
http://jsfiddle.net/thirtydot/dGHFV/1361/
This works in recent versions of all modern browsers. It works in IE8. It does not work in Safari 5, but it does work in Safari 6. Safari 5 is nearly a dead browser (0.33%, August 2015).
Most of the possible issues with relative font sizes are not complicated to fix.
However, while this is a reasonable solution if you specifically need a CSS only fix, it's not what I recommend if you're free to change your HTML (as most of us are).
This is what I, as a reasonably experienced web developer, actually do to solve this problem:
<p>
<span>Foo</span><span>Bar</span>
</p>
Yes, that's right. I remove the whitespace in the HTML between the inline-block elements.
It's easy. It's simple. It works everywhere. It's the pragmatic solution.
You do sometimes have to carefully consider where whitespace will come from. Will appending another element with JavaScript add whitespace? No, not if you do it properly.
Let's go on a magical journey of different ways to remove the whitespace, with some new HTML:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
<li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
You can do this, as I usually do:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li><li>Item 2</li><li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
http://jsfiddle.net/thirtydot/dGHFV/1362/
Or, this:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li
><li>Item 2</li
><li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
Or, use comments:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li><!--
--><li>Item 2</li><!--
--><li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
Or, if you are using using PHP or similar:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li><?
?><li>Item 2</li><?
?><li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
Or, you can even skip certain closing tags entirely (all browsers are fine with this):
<ul>
<li>Item 1
<li>Item 2
<li>Item 3
</ul>
Now that I've gone and bored you to death with "one thousand different ways to remove whitespace, by thirtydot", hopefully you've forgotten all about font-size: 0.
For CSS3 conforming browsers there is white-space-collapsing:discard
see: http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-css3-text-20101005/#white-space-collapsing
Today, we should just use Flexbox.
OLD ANSWER:
OK, although I've upvoted both the font-size: 0; and the not implemented CSS3 feature answers,
after trying I found out that none of them is a real solution.
Actually, there is not even one workaround without strong side effects.
Then I decided to remove the spaces (this answers is about this argument) between the inline-block divs from my HTML source (JSP),
turning this:
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
to this
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
that is ugly, but working.
But, wait a minute... what if I'm generating my divs inside Taglibs loops (Struts2, JSTL, etc...) ?
For example:
<s:iterator begin="0" end="6" status="ctrDay">
<br/>
<s:iterator begin="0" end="23" status="ctrHour">
<s:push value="%{days[#ctrDay.index].hours[#ctrHour.index]}">
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div in a matrix
(Do something here with the pushed object...)
</div>
</s:push>
</s:iterator>
</s:iterator>
It is absolutely not thinkable to inline all that stuff, it would mean
<s:iterator begin="0" end="6" status="ctrDay">
<br/>
<s:iterator begin="0" end="23" status="ctrHour"><s:push value="%{days[#ctrDay.index].hours[#ctrHour.index]}"><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div in a matrix
(Do something here with the pushed object...)
</div></s:push></s:iterator>
</s:iterator>
That is not readable, hard to maintain and understand, etc.
The solution I found:
use HTML comments to connect the end of one div to the begin of the next one!
<s:iterator begin="0" end="6" status="ctrDay">
<br/>
<s:iterator begin="0" end="23" status="ctrHour"><!--
--><s:push value="%{days[#ctrDay.index].hours[#ctrHour.index]}"><!--
--><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div in a matrix
(Do something here with the pushed object...)
</div><!--
--></s:push><!--
--></s:iterator>
</s:iterator>
This way you will have a readable and correctly indented code.
And, as a positive side effect, the HTML source, although infested by empty comments,
will result correctly indented;
let's take the first example. In my humble opinion, this:
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div><!--
--><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
is better than this:
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
Add display: flex; to the parent element. Here is the solution with a prefix:
Simplified version 👇
p {
display: flex;
}
span {
width: 100px;
background: tomato;
font-size: 30px;
color: white;
text-align: center;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
Fix with prefix 👇
p {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
}
span {
float: left;
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
background: blue;
font-size: 30px;
color: white;
text-align: center;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
All the space elimination techniques for display:inline-block are nasty hacks...
Use Flexbox
It's awesome, solves all this inline-block layout bs, and as of 2017 has 98% browser support (more if you don't care about old IEs).
Are We Ready to Use Flexbox?
Using CSS flexible boxes - Web developer guide | MDN
A Complete Guide to Flexbox | CSS-Tricks
Flexy Boxes — CSS flexbox playground and code generation tool
Add comments between elements to NOT have a white space. For me it is easier than resetting font size to zero and then setting it back.
<div>
Element 1
</div><!--
--><div>
Element 2
</div>
This is the same answer I gave over on the related: Display: Inline block - What is that space?
There’s actually a really simple way to remove whitespace from inline-block that’s both easy and semantic. It’s called a custom font with zero-width spaces, which allows you to collapse the whitespace (added by the browser for inline elements when they're on separate lines) at the font level using a very tiny font. Once you declare the font, you just change the font-family on the container and back again on the children, and voila. Like this:
#font-face{
font-family: 'NoSpace';
src: url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.eot');
src: url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'),
url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.woff') format('woff'),
url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.ttf') format('truetype'),
url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.svg#NoSpace') format('svg');
}
body {
font-face: 'OpenSans', sans-serif;
}
.inline-container {
font-face: 'NoSpace';
}
.inline-container > * {
display: inline-block;
font-face: 'OpenSans', sans-serif;
}
Suit to taste. Here’s a download to the font I just cooked up in font-forge and converted with FontSquirrel webfont generator. Took me all of 5 minutes. The css #font-face declaration is included: zipped zero-width space font. It's in Google Drive so you'll need to click File > Download to save it to your computer. You'll probably need to change the font paths as well if you copy the declaration to your main css file.
2021 Solution
Unfortunately white-space-collapse is still not implemented.
In the meantime, give the parent element font-size: 0; and set the font-size on the children. This should do the trick
Two more options based on CSS Text Module Level 3 (instead of white-space-collapsing:discard which had been dropped from the spec draft):
word-spacing: -100%;
In theory, it should do exactly what is needed — shorten whitespaces
between 'words' by the 100% of the space character width, i.e. to
zero. But seems not to work anywhere, unfortunately, and this
feature is marked 'at risk' (it can be dropped from the specification, too).
word-spacing: -1ch;
It shortens the inter-word spaces by the width of the digit '0'. In a monospace font it should be exactly equal to the width of the space character (and any other character as well). This works in Firefox 10+, Chrome 27+, and almost works in Internet Explorer 9+.
Fiddle
Use flexbox and do a fallback (from suggestions above) for older browsers:
ul {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -moz-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: flex;
}
Though, technically not an answer to the question:
"How do I remove the space between inline-block elements?"
You can try the flexbox solution and apply the code below and the space will be remove.
p {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
You can learn more about it on this link: https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
Simple:
item {
display: inline-block;
margin-right: -0.25em;
}
There is no need to touch the parent element.
Only condition here: the item's font-size must not be defined (must be equal to parent's font-size).
0.25em is the default word-spacing
W3Schools - word-spacing property
font-size:0; can be a bit trickier to manage...
I think the following couple lines is a lot better and more re-usable, and time saver than any other methods. I personally use this:
.inline-block-wrapper>.inline-block-wrapper,
.inline-block-wrapper{letter-spacing: -4px;}
.inline-block-wrapper>*{letter-spacing: 0;display: inline-block;}
/* OR better shorter name...*/
.items>.items,
.items{letter-spacing: -4px;}
.items>*{letter-spacing: 0;display: inline-block;}
Then you can use it as following...
<ul class="items">
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
<li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
As far I as I know (I may be wrong) but all browsers support this method.
EXPLANATION:
This works (maybe -3px may be better) exactly as you would anticipate it to work.
you copy and paste the code (once)
then on your html just use class="items" on the parent of each inline-block.
You will NOT have the need to go back to the css, and add another css rule, for your new inline blocks.
Solving two issues at once.
Also note the > (greater than sign) this means that */all children should be inline-block.
http://jsfiddle.net/fD5u3/
NOTE: I have modified to accommodate to inherit letter-spacing when a wrapper has a child wrapper.
Generally we use elements like this in different lines, but in case of display:inline-block using tags in same line will remove the space, but in a different line will not.
An example with tags in a different line:
p span {
display: inline-block;
background: red;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
Example with tags in same line
p span {
display: inline-block;
background: red;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span><span> Bar </span>
</p>
Another efficient method is a CSS job that is using font-size:0 to the parent element and give font-size to a child element as much as you want.
p {
font-size: 0;
}
p span {
display: inline-block;
background: red;
font-size: 14px;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
The above methods may not work somewhere depending on the whole application, but the last method is a foolproof solution for this situation and can be used anywhere.
I'm not pretty sure if you want to make two blue spans without a gap or want to handle other white-space, but if you want to remove the gap:
span {
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
background: blue;
font-size: 30px;
color: white;
text-align: center;
float: left;
}
And done.
I had this problem right now and from font-size:0; I've found that in Internet Explorer 7 the problem remains because Internet Explorer thinks "Font Size 0?!?! WTF are you crazy man?" - So, in my case I've Eric Meyer's CSS reset and with font-size:0.01em; I have a difference of 1 pixel from Internet Explorer 7 to Firefox 9, so, I think this can be a solution.
p {
display: flex;
}
span {
float: left;
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
background: red;
font-size: 30px;
color: white;
}
<p>
<span> hello </span>
<span> world </span>
</p>
I’ve been tackling this recently and instead of setting the parent font-size:0 then setting the child back to a reasonable value, I’ve been getting consistent results by setting the parent container letter-spacing:-.25em then the child back to letter-spacing:normal.
In an alternate thread I saw a commenter mention that font-size:0 isn’t always ideal because people can control minimum font sizes in their browsers, completely negating the possibility of setting the font-size to zero.
Using ems appears to work regardless of whether the font-size specified is 100%, 15pt or 36px.
http://cdpn.io/dKIjo
I think there is a very simple/old method for this which is supported by all browsers even IE 6/7. We could simply set letter-spacing to a large negative value in parent and then set it back to normal at child elements:
body { font-size: 24px }
span { border: 1px solid #b0b0c0; } /* show borders to see spacing */
.no-spacing { letter-spacing: -1em; } /* could be a large negative value */
.no-spacing > * { letter-spacing: normal; } /* => back to normal spacing */
<p style="color:red">Wrong (default spacing):</p>
<div class="">
<span>Item-1</span>
<span>Item-2</span>
<span>Item-3</span>
</div>
<hr/>
<p style="color:green">Correct (no-spacing):</p>
<div class="no-spacing">
<span>Item-1</span>
<span>Item-2</span>
<span>Item-3</span>
</div>
The simplest answer to this question is to add.
css
float: left;
codepen link: http://jsfiddle.net/dGHFV/3560/
With PHP brackets:
ul li {
display: inline-block;
}
<ul>
<li>
<div>first</div>
</li><?
?><li>
<div>first</div>
</li><?
?><li>
<div>first</div>
</li>
</ul>
I'm going to expand on user5609829's answer a little bit as I believe the other solutions here are too complicated/too much work. Applying a margin-right: -4px to the inline block elements will remove the spacing and is supported by all browsers. See the updated fiddle here. For those concerned with using negative margins, try giving this a read.
The CSS Text Module Level 4 specification defines a text-space-collapse property, which allow to control the how white space inside and around an element is processed.
So, regarding your example, you would just have to write this:
p {
text-space-collapse: discard;
}
Unfortunately, no browser is implementing this property yet (as of September 2016) as mentioned in the comments to the answer of HBP.
I found a pure CSS solution that worked for me very well in all browsers:
span {
display: table-cell;
}
Add white-space: nowrap to the container element:
CSS:
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row {
vertical-align: top;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.column{
float: left;
display: inline-block;
width: 50% // Or whatever in your case
}
HTML:
<div class="row">
<div class="column"> Some stuff</div>
<div class="column">Some other stuff</div>
</div>
Here is the Plunker.
There are lots of solutions like font-size:0,word-spacing,margin-left,letter-spacing and so on.
Normally I prefer using letter-spacing because
it seems ok when we assign a value which is bigger than the width of extra space(e.g. -1em).
However, it won't be okay with word-spacing and margin-left when we set bigger value like -1em.
Using font-size is not convenient when we try to using em as font-size unit.
So, letter-spacing seems to be the best choice.
However, I have to warn you
when you using letter-spacing you had better using -0.3em or -0.31em not others.
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
color: inherit;
cursor: auto;
}
.nav {
width: 260px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
color: white;
font-size: 20px;
letter-spacing: -1em;
}
.nav__text {
width: 90px;
height: 40px;
box-sizing: border-box;
border: 1px solid black;
line-height: 40px;
background-color: yellowgreen;
text-align: center;
display: inline-block;
letter-spacing: normal;
}
<nav class="nav">
<span class="nav__text">nav1</span>
<span class="nav__text">nav2</span>
<span class="nav__text">nav3</span>
</nav>
If you are using Chrome(test version 66.0.3359.139) or Opera(test version 53.0.2907.99), what you see might be:
If you are using Firefox(60.0.2),IE10 or Edge, what you see might be:
That's interesting. So, I checked the mdn-letter-spacing and found this:
length
Specifies extra inter-character space in addition to the default space between characters. Values may be negative, but there may be implementation-specific limits. User agents may not further increase or decrease the inter-character space in order to justify text.
It seems that this is the reason.
Add letter-spacing:-4px; on parent p css and add letter-spacing:0px; to your span css.
span {
display:inline-block;
width:100px;
background-color:palevioletred;
vertical-align:bottom;
letter-spacing:0px;
}
p {
letter-spacing:-4px;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
I thought I'd add something new to this question as although many of the answers currently provided are more than adequate & relevant, there are some new CSS properties which can achieve a very clean output, with full support across all browsers, and little to no 'hacks'. This does move away from inline-block but it gives you the same results as the question asked for.
These CSS properties are grid
CSS Grid is highly supported (CanIUse) apart from IE which only needs an -ms- prefix to allow for it to work.
CSS Grid is also highly flexible, and takes all the good parts from table, flex, and inline-block elements and brings them into one place.
When creating a grid you can specify the gaps between the rows and columns. The default gap is already set to 0px but you can change this value to whatever you like.
To cut it a bit short, heres a relevant working example:
body {
background: lightblue;
font-family: sans-serif;
}
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 100px 100px;
grid-column-gap: 0; /* Not needed but useful for example */
grid-row-gap: 0; /* Not needed but useful for example */
}
.box {
background: red;
}
.box:nth-child(even) {
background: green;
}
<div class="container">
<div class="box">
Hello
</div>
<div class="box">
Test
</div>
</div>
Negative margin
You can scoot the elements back into place with negative 4px of margin (may need to be adjusted based on font size of parent). Apparently this is problematic in older IE (6 & 7), but if you don’t care about those browsers at least you can keep the code formatting clean.
span {
display: inline-block;
margin-right: -4px;
}
One another way I found is applying margin-left as negative values except the first element of the row.
span {
display:inline-block;
width:100px;
background:blue;
font-size:30px;
color:white;
text-align:center;
margin-left:-5px;
}
span:first-child{
margin:0px;
}
There will be a 4 pixel wide space between these span elements:
span {
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
background-color: palevioletred;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
Fiddle Demo
I understand that I could get rid of that space by removing the white-space between the span elements in the HTML:
<p>
<span> Foo </span><span> Bar </span>
</p>
I'm Looking for a CSS solution that doesn't involve:
Altering the HTML.
JavaScript.
Alternatively, you should now use flexbox to achieve many of the layouts that you may previously have used inline-block for: https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
Since this answer has become rather popular, I'm rewriting it significantly.
Let's not forget the actual question that was asked:
How to remove the space between inline-block elements? I was hoping
for a CSS solution that doesn't require the HTML source code to be
tampered with. Can this issue be solved with CSS alone?
It is possible to solve this problem with CSS alone, but there are no completely robust CSS fixes.
The solution I had in my initial answer was to add font-size: 0 to the parent element, and then declare a sensible font-size on the children.
http://jsfiddle.net/thirtydot/dGHFV/1361/
This works in recent versions of all modern browsers. It works in IE8. It does not work in Safari 5, but it does work in Safari 6. Safari 5 is nearly a dead browser (0.33%, August 2015).
Most of the possible issues with relative font sizes are not complicated to fix.
However, while this is a reasonable solution if you specifically need a CSS only fix, it's not what I recommend if you're free to change your HTML (as most of us are).
This is what I, as a reasonably experienced web developer, actually do to solve this problem:
<p>
<span>Foo</span><span>Bar</span>
</p>
Yes, that's right. I remove the whitespace in the HTML between the inline-block elements.
It's easy. It's simple. It works everywhere. It's the pragmatic solution.
You do sometimes have to carefully consider where whitespace will come from. Will appending another element with JavaScript add whitespace? No, not if you do it properly.
Let's go on a magical journey of different ways to remove the whitespace, with some new HTML:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
<li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
You can do this, as I usually do:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li><li>Item 2</li><li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
http://jsfiddle.net/thirtydot/dGHFV/1362/
Or, this:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li
><li>Item 2</li
><li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
Or, use comments:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li><!--
--><li>Item 2</li><!--
--><li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
Or, if you are using using PHP or similar:
<ul>
<li>Item 1</li><?
?><li>Item 2</li><?
?><li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
Or, you can even skip certain closing tags entirely (all browsers are fine with this):
<ul>
<li>Item 1
<li>Item 2
<li>Item 3
</ul>
Now that I've gone and bored you to death with "one thousand different ways to remove whitespace, by thirtydot", hopefully you've forgotten all about font-size: 0.
For CSS3 conforming browsers there is white-space-collapsing:discard
see: http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-css3-text-20101005/#white-space-collapsing
Today, we should just use Flexbox.
OLD ANSWER:
OK, although I've upvoted both the font-size: 0; and the not implemented CSS3 feature answers,
after trying I found out that none of them is a real solution.
Actually, there is not even one workaround without strong side effects.
Then I decided to remove the spaces (this answers is about this argument) between the inline-block divs from my HTML source (JSP),
turning this:
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
to this
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
that is ugly, but working.
But, wait a minute... what if I'm generating my divs inside Taglibs loops (Struts2, JSTL, etc...) ?
For example:
<s:iterator begin="0" end="6" status="ctrDay">
<br/>
<s:iterator begin="0" end="23" status="ctrHour">
<s:push value="%{days[#ctrDay.index].hours[#ctrHour.index]}">
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div in a matrix
(Do something here with the pushed object...)
</div>
</s:push>
</s:iterator>
</s:iterator>
It is absolutely not thinkable to inline all that stuff, it would mean
<s:iterator begin="0" end="6" status="ctrDay">
<br/>
<s:iterator begin="0" end="23" status="ctrHour"><s:push value="%{days[#ctrDay.index].hours[#ctrHour.index]}"><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div in a matrix
(Do something here with the pushed object...)
</div></s:push></s:iterator>
</s:iterator>
That is not readable, hard to maintain and understand, etc.
The solution I found:
use HTML comments to connect the end of one div to the begin of the next one!
<s:iterator begin="0" end="6" status="ctrDay">
<br/>
<s:iterator begin="0" end="23" status="ctrHour"><!--
--><s:push value="%{days[#ctrDay.index].hours[#ctrHour.index]}"><!--
--><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div in a matrix
(Do something here with the pushed object...)
</div><!--
--></s:push><!--
--></s:iterator>
</s:iterator>
This way you will have a readable and correctly indented code.
And, as a positive side effect, the HTML source, although infested by empty comments,
will result correctly indented;
let's take the first example. In my humble opinion, this:
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div><!--
--><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
is better than this:
<div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div><div class="inlineBlock">
I'm an inline-block div
</div>
Add display: flex; to the parent element. Here is the solution with a prefix:
Simplified version 👇
p {
display: flex;
}
span {
width: 100px;
background: tomato;
font-size: 30px;
color: white;
text-align: center;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
Fix with prefix 👇
p {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
}
span {
float: left;
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
background: blue;
font-size: 30px;
color: white;
text-align: center;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
All the space elimination techniques for display:inline-block are nasty hacks...
Use Flexbox
It's awesome, solves all this inline-block layout bs, and as of 2017 has 98% browser support (more if you don't care about old IEs).
Are We Ready to Use Flexbox?
Using CSS flexible boxes - Web developer guide | MDN
A Complete Guide to Flexbox | CSS-Tricks
Flexy Boxes — CSS flexbox playground and code generation tool
Add comments between elements to NOT have a white space. For me it is easier than resetting font size to zero and then setting it back.
<div>
Element 1
</div><!--
--><div>
Element 2
</div>
This is the same answer I gave over on the related: Display: Inline block - What is that space?
There’s actually a really simple way to remove whitespace from inline-block that’s both easy and semantic. It’s called a custom font with zero-width spaces, which allows you to collapse the whitespace (added by the browser for inline elements when they're on separate lines) at the font level using a very tiny font. Once you declare the font, you just change the font-family on the container and back again on the children, and voila. Like this:
#font-face{
font-family: 'NoSpace';
src: url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.eot');
src: url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'),
url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.woff') format('woff'),
url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.ttf') format('truetype'),
url('../Fonts/zerowidthspaces.svg#NoSpace') format('svg');
}
body {
font-face: 'OpenSans', sans-serif;
}
.inline-container {
font-face: 'NoSpace';
}
.inline-container > * {
display: inline-block;
font-face: 'OpenSans', sans-serif;
}
Suit to taste. Here’s a download to the font I just cooked up in font-forge and converted with FontSquirrel webfont generator. Took me all of 5 minutes. The css #font-face declaration is included: zipped zero-width space font. It's in Google Drive so you'll need to click File > Download to save it to your computer. You'll probably need to change the font paths as well if you copy the declaration to your main css file.
2021 Solution
Unfortunately white-space-collapse is still not implemented.
In the meantime, give the parent element font-size: 0; and set the font-size on the children. This should do the trick
Two more options based on CSS Text Module Level 3 (instead of white-space-collapsing:discard which had been dropped from the spec draft):
word-spacing: -100%;
In theory, it should do exactly what is needed — shorten whitespaces
between 'words' by the 100% of the space character width, i.e. to
zero. But seems not to work anywhere, unfortunately, and this
feature is marked 'at risk' (it can be dropped from the specification, too).
word-spacing: -1ch;
It shortens the inter-word spaces by the width of the digit '0'. In a monospace font it should be exactly equal to the width of the space character (and any other character as well). This works in Firefox 10+, Chrome 27+, and almost works in Internet Explorer 9+.
Fiddle
Use flexbox and do a fallback (from suggestions above) for older browsers:
ul {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -moz-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: flex;
}
Though, technically not an answer to the question:
"How do I remove the space between inline-block elements?"
You can try the flexbox solution and apply the code below and the space will be remove.
p {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
You can learn more about it on this link: https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
Simple:
item {
display: inline-block;
margin-right: -0.25em;
}
There is no need to touch the parent element.
Only condition here: the item's font-size must not be defined (must be equal to parent's font-size).
0.25em is the default word-spacing
W3Schools - word-spacing property
font-size:0; can be a bit trickier to manage...
I think the following couple lines is a lot better and more re-usable, and time saver than any other methods. I personally use this:
.inline-block-wrapper>.inline-block-wrapper,
.inline-block-wrapper{letter-spacing: -4px;}
.inline-block-wrapper>*{letter-spacing: 0;display: inline-block;}
/* OR better shorter name...*/
.items>.items,
.items{letter-spacing: -4px;}
.items>*{letter-spacing: 0;display: inline-block;}
Then you can use it as following...
<ul class="items">
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
<li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
As far I as I know (I may be wrong) but all browsers support this method.
EXPLANATION:
This works (maybe -3px may be better) exactly as you would anticipate it to work.
you copy and paste the code (once)
then on your html just use class="items" on the parent of each inline-block.
You will NOT have the need to go back to the css, and add another css rule, for your new inline blocks.
Solving two issues at once.
Also note the > (greater than sign) this means that */all children should be inline-block.
http://jsfiddle.net/fD5u3/
NOTE: I have modified to accommodate to inherit letter-spacing when a wrapper has a child wrapper.
Generally we use elements like this in different lines, but in case of display:inline-block using tags in same line will remove the space, but in a different line will not.
An example with tags in a different line:
p span {
display: inline-block;
background: red;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
Example with tags in same line
p span {
display: inline-block;
background: red;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span><span> Bar </span>
</p>
Another efficient method is a CSS job that is using font-size:0 to the parent element and give font-size to a child element as much as you want.
p {
font-size: 0;
}
p span {
display: inline-block;
background: red;
font-size: 14px;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
The above methods may not work somewhere depending on the whole application, but the last method is a foolproof solution for this situation and can be used anywhere.
I'm not pretty sure if you want to make two blue spans without a gap or want to handle other white-space, but if you want to remove the gap:
span {
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
background: blue;
font-size: 30px;
color: white;
text-align: center;
float: left;
}
And done.
I had this problem right now and from font-size:0; I've found that in Internet Explorer 7 the problem remains because Internet Explorer thinks "Font Size 0?!?! WTF are you crazy man?" - So, in my case I've Eric Meyer's CSS reset and with font-size:0.01em; I have a difference of 1 pixel from Internet Explorer 7 to Firefox 9, so, I think this can be a solution.
p {
display: flex;
}
span {
float: left;
display: inline-block;
width: 100px;
background: red;
font-size: 30px;
color: white;
}
<p>
<span> hello </span>
<span> world </span>
</p>
I’ve been tackling this recently and instead of setting the parent font-size:0 then setting the child back to a reasonable value, I’ve been getting consistent results by setting the parent container letter-spacing:-.25em then the child back to letter-spacing:normal.
In an alternate thread I saw a commenter mention that font-size:0 isn’t always ideal because people can control minimum font sizes in their browsers, completely negating the possibility of setting the font-size to zero.
Using ems appears to work regardless of whether the font-size specified is 100%, 15pt or 36px.
http://cdpn.io/dKIjo
I think there is a very simple/old method for this which is supported by all browsers even IE 6/7. We could simply set letter-spacing to a large negative value in parent and then set it back to normal at child elements:
body { font-size: 24px }
span { border: 1px solid #b0b0c0; } /* show borders to see spacing */
.no-spacing { letter-spacing: -1em; } /* could be a large negative value */
.no-spacing > * { letter-spacing: normal; } /* => back to normal spacing */
<p style="color:red">Wrong (default spacing):</p>
<div class="">
<span>Item-1</span>
<span>Item-2</span>
<span>Item-3</span>
</div>
<hr/>
<p style="color:green">Correct (no-spacing):</p>
<div class="no-spacing">
<span>Item-1</span>
<span>Item-2</span>
<span>Item-3</span>
</div>
The simplest answer to this question is to add.
css
float: left;
codepen link: http://jsfiddle.net/dGHFV/3560/
With PHP brackets:
ul li {
display: inline-block;
}
<ul>
<li>
<div>first</div>
</li><?
?><li>
<div>first</div>
</li><?
?><li>
<div>first</div>
</li>
</ul>
I'm going to expand on user5609829's answer a little bit as I believe the other solutions here are too complicated/too much work. Applying a margin-right: -4px to the inline block elements will remove the spacing and is supported by all browsers. See the updated fiddle here. For those concerned with using negative margins, try giving this a read.
The CSS Text Module Level 4 specification defines a text-space-collapse property, which allow to control the how white space inside and around an element is processed.
So, regarding your example, you would just have to write this:
p {
text-space-collapse: discard;
}
Unfortunately, no browser is implementing this property yet (as of September 2016) as mentioned in the comments to the answer of HBP.
I found a pure CSS solution that worked for me very well in all browsers:
span {
display: table-cell;
}
Add white-space: nowrap to the container element:
CSS:
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.row {
vertical-align: top;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.column{
float: left;
display: inline-block;
width: 50% // Or whatever in your case
}
HTML:
<div class="row">
<div class="column"> Some stuff</div>
<div class="column">Some other stuff</div>
</div>
Here is the Plunker.
There are lots of solutions like font-size:0,word-spacing,margin-left,letter-spacing and so on.
Normally I prefer using letter-spacing because
it seems ok when we assign a value which is bigger than the width of extra space(e.g. -1em).
However, it won't be okay with word-spacing and margin-left when we set bigger value like -1em.
Using font-size is not convenient when we try to using em as font-size unit.
So, letter-spacing seems to be the best choice.
However, I have to warn you
when you using letter-spacing you had better using -0.3em or -0.31em not others.
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
color: inherit;
cursor: auto;
}
.nav {
width: 260px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
color: white;
font-size: 20px;
letter-spacing: -1em;
}
.nav__text {
width: 90px;
height: 40px;
box-sizing: border-box;
border: 1px solid black;
line-height: 40px;
background-color: yellowgreen;
text-align: center;
display: inline-block;
letter-spacing: normal;
}
<nav class="nav">
<span class="nav__text">nav1</span>
<span class="nav__text">nav2</span>
<span class="nav__text">nav3</span>
</nav>
If you are using Chrome(test version 66.0.3359.139) or Opera(test version 53.0.2907.99), what you see might be:
If you are using Firefox(60.0.2),IE10 or Edge, what you see might be:
That's interesting. So, I checked the mdn-letter-spacing and found this:
length
Specifies extra inter-character space in addition to the default space between characters. Values may be negative, but there may be implementation-specific limits. User agents may not further increase or decrease the inter-character space in order to justify text.
It seems that this is the reason.
Add letter-spacing:-4px; on parent p css and add letter-spacing:0px; to your span css.
span {
display:inline-block;
width:100px;
background-color:palevioletred;
vertical-align:bottom;
letter-spacing:0px;
}
p {
letter-spacing:-4px;
}
<p>
<span> Foo </span>
<span> Bar </span>
</p>
I thought I'd add something new to this question as although many of the answers currently provided are more than adequate & relevant, there are some new CSS properties which can achieve a very clean output, with full support across all browsers, and little to no 'hacks'. This does move away from inline-block but it gives you the same results as the question asked for.
These CSS properties are grid
CSS Grid is highly supported (CanIUse) apart from IE which only needs an -ms- prefix to allow for it to work.
CSS Grid is also highly flexible, and takes all the good parts from table, flex, and inline-block elements and brings them into one place.
When creating a grid you can specify the gaps between the rows and columns. The default gap is already set to 0px but you can change this value to whatever you like.
To cut it a bit short, heres a relevant working example:
body {
background: lightblue;
font-family: sans-serif;
}
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 100px 100px;
grid-column-gap: 0; /* Not needed but useful for example */
grid-row-gap: 0; /* Not needed but useful for example */
}
.box {
background: red;
}
.box:nth-child(even) {
background: green;
}
<div class="container">
<div class="box">
Hello
</div>
<div class="box">
Test
</div>
</div>
Negative margin
You can scoot the elements back into place with negative 4px of margin (may need to be adjusted based on font size of parent). Apparently this is problematic in older IE (6 & 7), but if you don’t care about those browsers at least you can keep the code formatting clean.
span {
display: inline-block;
margin-right: -4px;
}
One another way I found is applying margin-left as negative values except the first element of the row.
span {
display:inline-block;
width:100px;
background:blue;
font-size:30px;
color:white;
text-align:center;
margin-left:-5px;
}
span:first-child{
margin:0px;
}
I know this can be done with columns, but I have to support IE.
I'm trying to get to a layout whose columns are all fixed width, with the gutters being fluid.
I couldn't get this to work with floats, so I settled on using justified inline-block items:
HTML
<div class="wrapper">
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<!-- more divs... -->
</div>
CSS
.wrapper {
text-align: justify;
}
.wrapper div {
width: 100px;
display: inline-block;
}
This works wonderfully, but the last row of divs are all aligned to the left: http://jsfiddle.net/EsHh3/
The only solution I found is to add additional unnecessary divs: http://jsfiddle.net/EsHh3/1/
I feel uncomfortable about this, so I'd like to know if there are any other options.
Please don't tell me not to re-invent the wheel. I have not found any fluid grid system that supports fluid gutters.
For what you want to do, I'm afraid a CSS only solution is not available at the moment, much less if you want it to work in IE8.
Since you want to have (a) items that are in the HTML source as a list (b) a variable number of columns depending on available space (c) column spacing depending on width of container I think the solution you'll need would have to employ at least a bit of javascript.
Consider on of the frameworks proposed in the other answers. One I've worked with and could do what you want is Masonry (or the for-pay bigger brother Isotope). (There's also a non-jQuery version of Masonry). You'll have to come up with a function that when the page is resized, recalculates the desired gutter and reconfigures the framework. Something along the lines of calculating x = how many items would fit per line based on the container width and item width and then dividing the remaining space by x-1.
If you want to stick with the idea of adding extra DIV's to the markup, an alternative would be to listen to resize events, and add DIVs as needed based on the width and how many items would fit per line.
ORIGINAL ANSWER, which failed to fit all the criteria.
Since you're relying on text-align: justified the reason the last line doesn't expand to the full width is because there's no line break at the end of it. So to accomplish that we add an extra element with an wrapper:after {} rule, that is also an inline block with a width of 100% so it guaranties a line break.
See fiddle
The CSS ends up something like:
.wrapper {
text-align: justify;
width: 380px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.wrapper div {
width: 100px;
display: inline-block;
}
.wrapper:after {content: ''; width: 100%; display: inline-block; background: pink; height: 2px; overflow: hidden}
Note that the pink background is there so that you can see where the element is. You might need to play with the border/margin/padding of that extra element or the wrapper so that content that comes after wrapper doesn't gain extra margin. In chrome unfortunately there's a slight missalignment of the last row items, possibly because of the extra space between the last DIV and the fake element.
Hey I don't know why you want a fluid gutter, but I have a simple grid sample which you might want to have a look and if you want to see the css then click the SCSS on the codepen site. Also, if you are learning then this sample is very good start point for how to make your own grid. Also, to avoid yourself reinventing the wheel you might want to try different grid frameworks out there. Just google css grid frameworks.
you can try this:
.wrapper {
text-align: justify;
width: 380px;
margin: 0 auto;
moz-column-count: 3;
-moz-column-gap: 20px;
-webkit-column-count: 3;
-webkit-column-gap: 20px;
column-count: 3;
column-gap: 20px;
}
Updated URL
This is how I would go about it: http://codepen.io/jeremychurch/pen/wmtJz
.container {
display: table;
width: 100%; }
.cell {
display: table-cell; }
.content {
width: 15em;
margin: 0 auto; }
<div class="container">
<div class="cell">
<div class="content">
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<div class="content">
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<div class="content">
</div>
</div>
</div>
I was wondering if there were any simple examples that did the following
* A right and a left fixed column with a fluid center.
With full height and width and a header and footer.
* A single left fixed column with a fluid content column 2.
With full height and width and a header and footer.
* A single right fixed column with a fluid content column.
With Full height and width and a header and footer.
I've tried some methods (such as the ones listed on listapart) but they seemed really complicated and they used a lot of divs, or they just didn't support padding.
Thanks in advance
Check this site out:
http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/perfect-stacked-columns.htm
Other layout examples from the above:
http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/perfect-2-column-left-menu.htm
http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/perfect-2-column-right-menu.htm
http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/perfect-3-column.htm
The examples you found in alistapart.com are as complicated as they need to be, and every serious example that you can find about those layouts supports padding. You will find (and already found) a lot of good examples about it in the internet, just spend some time trying to understand them and you will see that they are not so complicated, in the end.
Anyway, I have a good demo layout similar to the second you are looking for, here:
http://www.meiaweb.com/test/BMS_DM_NI/
Basically, the html is this:
<body>
<div id="head">
<h1>Title</h1>
</div>
<div id="main">
<div id="navigation">
<!-- navigation content -->
</div>
<div id="content">
<h2>Content Title</h2>
<p>
<!-- main content here -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
And the css is:
html {
overflow: auto;
height: 100%;
}
body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
line-height: 1.5em;
}
#head {
height: 20px;
background-color: #666;
color: #AAA;
padding: 20px 20px;
}
#navigation {
width: 210px;
padding: 20px 20px;
background: #efefef;
border: none;
border-right: solid 1px #AAA;
float: left;
overflow: auto;
}
#content {
margin-left: 250px;
padding: 20px 20px;
}
I think it's simple enough, and it works in all modern browsers.
I know that it's badwrong to do, and I'm a semantic coder through-and-through (that wasn't meant to rhyme), but I still use a single layout table to do columns.
Why? It's interoperable and simple. It doesn't require ridiculous CSS hacks that just barely hold things together (seriously, floats are meant for typography, not layout). It displays identically in every browser in current use. It. Just. Works. It's a semantic hack, but sometimes you just gotta do what you gotta do.
However, there is light on the horizon. The table-* display values for CSS make equal-height columns trivial, though they can still violate source order (you still need your left-most column to be before your center column, even if it's a nav section and should come near the end of your page code). IE8, and all non-IE browsers, support these already.
CSS3 Grids and CSS3 Template Layout will both solve this issue properly, but they're still quite a bit away from being usable. A coder can dream, though, right?
You can also look at Layout Gala - 40 examples of different two and three percent and fizxed-sized column layouts.
I have reworked my sample template so you can see all three of your requested formats in action.
This is a CSS solution, no tables involved. I have set this up so the side columns are fixed width the header/footer are fixed height. Everything else is fluid.
With all modern browsers, excepting for IE7, the content is centered both vertically and horizontally. IE7 has issues with its box model. I believe IE8 have these resolved.
The center box does center vertically in IE7 because I nested a 1 cell table in the center div as a hack around IE7 box model problems. I know this is dumb and ugly but it was just to show it worked.
See it in action - Three Column Full Screen Layout
I am a bit surprised this answer did not garner a single vote or capture the bounty. It works, its simple, and it fulfills everything the OP asked for. Oh well.
The CSS
DIV { text-align: center }
#h0, #f0 { float: left; clear: both }
#h1, #f1 { height: 100px; float: none; width: 800px }
#l0 { float: left; clear: left; }
#c0, #r0 { float: left; clear: none }
#l1, #r1 { width: 150px }
#c1 { width: 500px }
#l1, #r1, #c1 { height: 350px }
#h0, #f0 { background-color: orange }
#l0 { background-color: red }
#r0 { background-color: blue }
#c0 { background-color: yellow }
#h1, #f1, #l1, #r1, #c1
{ display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; }
The HTML
<div id="h0"><div id="h1">
header
</div></div>
<div id="l0"><div id="l1">
left column
</div></div>
<div id="c0"><div id="c1">
<img alt="dilbert (3K)" src="../gif/dilbert.gif" height="82" width="80" />
</div></div>
<div id="r0"><div id="r1">
right column
</div></div>
<div id="f0"><div id="f1">
footer
</div></div>
http://www.alistapart.com/articles/holygrail
That should be exactly what you need.
Take a look at Yahoo's YUI: Grids builder.
I found the Liquid two column layout at Floatutorial extremely helpful when setting up a full height two column layout - fixed left column with a stretchy right column, with a header and foot row to boot. In their example, they suggest the left column is used as navigation, but it could be anything.
With Floatutorial, not only do you get a sample HTML structure and CSS out of it, but when you're done, you understand why you have what you end up with.
I briefly tried the YUI: Grids builder as suggestd by #JohannesH, and had some small problems with it, but the worst problem is that it was so convoluted that I had no idea why it wasn't working, or why it was supposed to have done.
Edit: there's also a tutorial for a liquid three column layout (which I've not used), and a whole bunch of other tutorials that use floats.
In response to a message from the original poster, here's how I would do the first request with a <table> (the others are trivial modifications):
<style>
body {
height: 100%;
}
#container {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
#top, #left, #center, #right, #bottom {
border: 1px solid black;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: center;
}
#left, #right {
width: 200px;
}
#top, #bottom {
height: 200px;
}
</style>
<table id="container">
<tr>
<td colspan=3 id="top">header</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="left">left</td>
<td id="center">center</td>
<td id="right">right</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3 id="bottom">footer</td>
</tr>
</table>
There is a pre-fabbed css grid system that is based on the Golden Rule, and implements all types of column formats quite readily. Check out 960 Grid System. You can accomplish your goals without the use of tables. The nice thing that by using a pure CSS solution you can alter your layout more rapidly.
There is also a jQuery fluid implementation that has a fluid layout that you may be interested in.
This should have all you need:
http://maxdesign.com.au/presentation/page_layouts/
And a more general solution to all your CSS problems:
http://www.blueprintcss.org/
you should check out Elastic CSS Framework:
http://elasticss.com/two-columns-based-layout/
Cheers.