I was wondering if there were any simple examples that did the following
* A right and a left fixed column with a fluid center.
With full height and width and a header and footer.
* A single left fixed column with a fluid content column 2.
With full height and width and a header and footer.
* A single right fixed column with a fluid content column.
With Full height and width and a header and footer.
I've tried some methods (such as the ones listed on listapart) but they seemed really complicated and they used a lot of divs, or they just didn't support padding.
Thanks in advance
Check this site out:
http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/perfect-stacked-columns.htm
Other layout examples from the above:
http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/perfect-2-column-left-menu.htm
http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/perfect-2-column-right-menu.htm
http://matthewjamestaylor.com/blog/perfect-3-column.htm
The examples you found in alistapart.com are as complicated as they need to be, and every serious example that you can find about those layouts supports padding. You will find (and already found) a lot of good examples about it in the internet, just spend some time trying to understand them and you will see that they are not so complicated, in the end.
Anyway, I have a good demo layout similar to the second you are looking for, here:
http://www.meiaweb.com/test/BMS_DM_NI/
Basically, the html is this:
<body>
<div id="head">
<h1>Title</h1>
</div>
<div id="main">
<div id="navigation">
<!-- navigation content -->
</div>
<div id="content">
<h2>Content Title</h2>
<p>
<!-- main content here -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
And the css is:
html {
overflow: auto;
height: 100%;
}
body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
line-height: 1.5em;
}
#head {
height: 20px;
background-color: #666;
color: #AAA;
padding: 20px 20px;
}
#navigation {
width: 210px;
padding: 20px 20px;
background: #efefef;
border: none;
border-right: solid 1px #AAA;
float: left;
overflow: auto;
}
#content {
margin-left: 250px;
padding: 20px 20px;
}
I think it's simple enough, and it works in all modern browsers.
I know that it's badwrong to do, and I'm a semantic coder through-and-through (that wasn't meant to rhyme), but I still use a single layout table to do columns.
Why? It's interoperable and simple. It doesn't require ridiculous CSS hacks that just barely hold things together (seriously, floats are meant for typography, not layout). It displays identically in every browser in current use. It. Just. Works. It's a semantic hack, but sometimes you just gotta do what you gotta do.
However, there is light on the horizon. The table-* display values for CSS make equal-height columns trivial, though they can still violate source order (you still need your left-most column to be before your center column, even if it's a nav section and should come near the end of your page code). IE8, and all non-IE browsers, support these already.
CSS3 Grids and CSS3 Template Layout will both solve this issue properly, but they're still quite a bit away from being usable. A coder can dream, though, right?
You can also look at Layout Gala - 40 examples of different two and three percent and fizxed-sized column layouts.
I have reworked my sample template so you can see all three of your requested formats in action.
This is a CSS solution, no tables involved. I have set this up so the side columns are fixed width the header/footer are fixed height. Everything else is fluid.
With all modern browsers, excepting for IE7, the content is centered both vertically and horizontally. IE7 has issues with its box model. I believe IE8 have these resolved.
The center box does center vertically in IE7 because I nested a 1 cell table in the center div as a hack around IE7 box model problems. I know this is dumb and ugly but it was just to show it worked.
See it in action - Three Column Full Screen Layout
I am a bit surprised this answer did not garner a single vote or capture the bounty. It works, its simple, and it fulfills everything the OP asked for. Oh well.
The CSS
DIV { text-align: center }
#h0, #f0 { float: left; clear: both }
#h1, #f1 { height: 100px; float: none; width: 800px }
#l0 { float: left; clear: left; }
#c0, #r0 { float: left; clear: none }
#l1, #r1 { width: 150px }
#c1 { width: 500px }
#l1, #r1, #c1 { height: 350px }
#h0, #f0 { background-color: orange }
#l0 { background-color: red }
#r0 { background-color: blue }
#c0 { background-color: yellow }
#h1, #f1, #l1, #r1, #c1
{ display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; }
The HTML
<div id="h0"><div id="h1">
header
</div></div>
<div id="l0"><div id="l1">
left column
</div></div>
<div id="c0"><div id="c1">
<img alt="dilbert (3K)" src="../gif/dilbert.gif" height="82" width="80" />
</div></div>
<div id="r0"><div id="r1">
right column
</div></div>
<div id="f0"><div id="f1">
footer
</div></div>
http://www.alistapart.com/articles/holygrail
That should be exactly what you need.
Take a look at Yahoo's YUI: Grids builder.
I found the Liquid two column layout at Floatutorial extremely helpful when setting up a full height two column layout - fixed left column with a stretchy right column, with a header and foot row to boot. In their example, they suggest the left column is used as navigation, but it could be anything.
With Floatutorial, not only do you get a sample HTML structure and CSS out of it, but when you're done, you understand why you have what you end up with.
I briefly tried the YUI: Grids builder as suggestd by #JohannesH, and had some small problems with it, but the worst problem is that it was so convoluted that I had no idea why it wasn't working, or why it was supposed to have done.
Edit: there's also a tutorial for a liquid three column layout (which I've not used), and a whole bunch of other tutorials that use floats.
In response to a message from the original poster, here's how I would do the first request with a <table> (the others are trivial modifications):
<style>
body {
height: 100%;
}
#container {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
#top, #left, #center, #right, #bottom {
border: 1px solid black;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: center;
}
#left, #right {
width: 200px;
}
#top, #bottom {
height: 200px;
}
</style>
<table id="container">
<tr>
<td colspan=3 id="top">header</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="left">left</td>
<td id="center">center</td>
<td id="right">right</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3 id="bottom">footer</td>
</tr>
</table>
There is a pre-fabbed css grid system that is based on the Golden Rule, and implements all types of column formats quite readily. Check out 960 Grid System. You can accomplish your goals without the use of tables. The nice thing that by using a pure CSS solution you can alter your layout more rapidly.
There is also a jQuery fluid implementation that has a fluid layout that you may be interested in.
This should have all you need:
http://maxdesign.com.au/presentation/page_layouts/
And a more general solution to all your CSS problems:
http://www.blueprintcss.org/
you should check out Elastic CSS Framework:
http://elasticss.com/two-columns-based-layout/
Cheers.
Related
I'm trying to style something to appear like a question on an exam, similar to this:
This is content that will wrap to the new line and will respect the left most div to make it appear like a question you would see on an exam.
Assuming an HTML structure like this:
<div class="header">
<div class="question-label">1. </div>
<div class="question-text">
How satisfied are you with life?
</div>
</div>
I've tried setting both .question-label and question-text to display: block; float: left; but this breaks the question text and number into different lines. JSBin
If I remove the float: left; on .question-text it would appear to somewhat work, however it doesn't respect the space under .question-number. JSBin
I know CSS questions are hard to correctly answer without seeing the final product, but how would you suggest achieving this without resorting to tables?
There are a few ways of doing this. This is my favorite:
.question-label, .question-text {
display:table-cell;
}
http://jsfiddle.net/xxzzu/
I have updated your css:
body {
width: 400px;
}
.num {
display: inline-block;
width: 40px;
/* this makes the "1." bound to the top. You can also use middle or bottom,
see http://www.w3.org/wiki/CSS/Properties/vertical-align */
vertical-align: top;
}
.txt {
display: inline-block;
width: 350px;
}
The trick is display: inline-block;
See it also here: jsFiddle
But why don't/can't you use <ol> (w3c description) ?
If I understand you right, you want to indent a whole block text.
You can try just block margin with float:
code example
I've run into a bit of a snag whilst developing the frontend for a website. I'm competent with CSS, but not fantastic. Anyway, I've created a jsFiddle here that illustrates my problem.
On each page of my website, at the top of the content section, I have a banner image. I wish to put a two colour divider seperating this banner from the content. (As is shown in the mockup my designer gave me: https://www.dropbox.com/s/d9opotyiyp0yc9o/menus.jpg)
I'd like to do this in pure CSS+HTML, without just chucking an image in. Anyway, I've done so using the following code:
<img class="banner" src="http://regency.ymindustries.com/static/images/winelist.jpg" style="width: 100%;">
<div>
<div style="width:30%; height: 10px; display: inline-block; background: #6C210C"></div><div style="width:70%; height:10px; display: inline-block; background: #E5C697;"></div>
</div>
(Please forgive the inline CSS, it's just for demonstration purposes. Also, unfortunately, if I put the second div on a newline and indent it, it creates whitespace)
The issue I'm having is that there is a large gap between the divider and the image. I have tried adding margin: 0px and padding: 0px to all the relevant elements, and the whitespace is still there.
Could someone help me out please?
Thanks,
YM
To me it's a vertical alignment issue. You can try
.banner {
display: block;
width: 100%;
}
div {
height: 10px;
vertical-align: top;
}
That way you don't have to use negative margins (which aren't wrong, just controversial practice).
Check it out here
you can make the position relative and then set the top to something minus. ex:
position: relative;
top:-10px;
left:0px;
this is actually float problem
<img class="banner" src="http://regency.ymindustries.com/static/images/winelist.jpg">
<div style="">
<div style="float:left;width:30%; height: 10px; display: inline-block; background: #6C210C"></div><div style="width:70%;float:left; height:10px; display: inline-block; background: #E5C697;"></div>
</div>
css
.banner {
width:100%;
float:left;
}
http://jsfiddle.net/eLbUU/4/
using display block and floating the divs, also making sure the img itself is display block with overflow hidden I was able to tighten up the stripes to the img : fiddle
.banner {
width:100%;
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
}
div div{
float: left;
}
First of all, put the darker brown in the lighter brown div. That way, when the window is re-sized, you don't compromise the sizing percentage and/or spacing.
<div style="width:100%; height:10px; display: inline-block; background: #E5C697;"> <div style="width:30%; height: 10px; background: #6C210C;"></div></div>
And with the space, you can either use negative margins or floats like others have mentioned.
.banner {
width:100%;
/* margin-bottom to the banner is negative which moves the div upward */
margin-bottom: -10px;
}
fiddle here
Putting display: block; for the image class and float:left; for all other elements may help.
.banner {
width:100%;
display:block;
float:left;
}
http://jsfiddle.net/bjliu/eLbUU/7/ (Edit: Sorry Wrong Link)
Are there any hacks for max-width:-webkit-fit-content; for ie 8?
Trying to get a child div to not take up the whole width of the parent and this works well with ff, chrome and safari; hoping there's some hack to get it to work with ie 8 as well.
Fiddle showing the behavior: http://jsfiddle.net/XtZq9/
Code for the behavior I want in ie8:
#wrap {
background-color: aqua;
width:300px;
height: 50px;
padding-top: 1px;
}
.textbox {
background-color: yellow;
max-width: intrinsic;
max-width:-webkit-fit-content;
max-width: -moz-max-content;
margin-top: 2px;
}
<div id="wrap">
<div class="textbox">
Here is some text
</div>
<div class="textbox">
Here is other, longer, text
</div>
</div>
From demosthenes.info, I learned I can simply use
display: table;
instead of
width: fit-content;
Check the link however about problems with whitespaces. It does not apply to my case, and simply replacing width: fit-content with display: table solved my problem quite easily.
The closest I can think of is floating your elements. Not exactly alike, but probably sufficiently alike;) You need to set extra margin though, but this should be no problem with a conditional stylesheet.
.textbox {
background-color: yellow;
float:left;
clear:left;
}
Your modified fiddle
It might depends on the situation:
I had a block-level element with width: fit-content;. As this doesn't work on IE, the element was taking the full available width (as expected).
But I wanted it to just adjust its size to its content.
Finally, i fixed it with:
display: inline-flex;
Not yet; keep watching http://caniuse.com/#feat=intrinsic-width &
https://wpdev.uservoice.com/forums/257854-internet-explorer-platform/suggestions/6263702-css-intrinsic-sizing
I'm new to CSS tables, it's my first time. So I discovered that when you set display:table to a div, you can forgot all margin and padding (and whatever) you're planning on it's future cause they are ignored. Nice. The only property I've found to make this job is border-spacing but it is a little limited comparing with margin and padding. It have only two ways of styling, horizontal and vertical. You can't set the value of the side you want like border-spacing-left or border-spacing: 0 1px 2px 3px.
In my case, I have a table with one row that lies on the top right corner of the screen. I want it attached on the very top and spaced horizontally, which caused me problems. The top is okay but the right detaches from the border when I use border-spacing: 10px 0.
Smart guys like me don't see this as a problem, cause we can set it margin-right negatively, making it be attached again on the right side of the browser. Wow, whata smart ass I am!
However, I saw an little damn scrollbar on the bottom of the screen like a roach under your cooker at the kitchen. I hate roac.. scrollbars specially horizontals, so I got my inseticide called overflow-x and kil.. set it to hidden. She run desperately and dissapeared, but I know that she's there, somewhere staring at me. And this is driving me crazy.
Seriously now. I think this isn't the right way to do that and I hope somebody can teach me how to do it.
This is my scenario on Fiddle
Thank you in advance(mainly for reading this crap).
There are a few ways of achieving what you're trying to achieve. Most commonly, using display: table, display: table-cell, etc isn't very high on the list.
So, here's how I would do it: http://jsfiddle.net/VKnQZ/1/
Do bear in mind that I don't know the full circumstance of what you're attempting so it may well be that I'm missing a (valid) reason that you're using table display properties in the first place.
You'll notice a few things here:
I've done away with your table display properties. I don't think you need them, and floats do the job just fine (just remember to clear them).
I've removed your display from the cell divs. As someone in the comments above pointed out, divs inherit display: block by default. The additional dimensions set their size as you already had it.
I'm using the + selector to put in the spacing between elements. In this instance div + div is essentially short-hand for 'every div which is beside another div' - so all of them aside from the first.
Hopefully that achieves what you're aiming for and does away with all the nasty hacky overflow/margins/etc.
Here's the code:
HTML (only change is to remove the row div):
<div id="nav">
<div class="red"></div>
<div class="green"></div>
<div class="blue"></div>
</div>
CSS:
body {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#nav {
float: right;
}
#nav div {
float: left;
width: 120px;
height: 40px;
}
#nav div + div{
margin-left: 10px;
}
.red { background-color:#f00 }
.green { background-color:#0f0 }
.blue { background-color:#00f }
and can you tell me why are you trying to imitate table behavior when you have "table" tag? it could be styled pretty well also
what you are doing is sometimes called "divitis"
edit:
you can position table absolutely http://jsfiddle.net/n83kT/
Not too sure if this the right place to discuss float and display :)
But , flex is on his way, and display is already quiet efficient.
Display + direction and you could kick floats away.
border-spacing version : http://jsfiddle.net/GCyrillus/2EZ3F/
border-left version : http://jsfiddle.net/GCyrillus/2EZ3F/1/
<section>
<div id="nav">
<div class="red"></div>
<div class="green"></div>
<div class="blue"></div>
</div>
</section>
section is to set direction .. or not
unset & reset direction to fake float ,
else use text-align if you dislike this method.
In CSSheet, notice inline-table instead of table so it reacts to text-align and or direction (not all pages are EN or FR :) )
body {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
section {
direction:rtl; /* unset regular if you wish, else text-align will do for inline-boxes */
}
#nav {
direction:ltr;/* reset/set here if you want cells from left to right */
display:inline-table;
border-spacing: 10px 0 ;
}
#nav div {
/*direction:ltr; reset here if you want cells from right to left */
display: table-cell;
width: 120px;
height: 40px;
}
#nav div + div {
margin-left: 10px;
}
.red {
background-color:#f00
}
.green {
background-color:#0f0
}
.blue {
background-color:#00f
}
My 2 (late) cents for a different point of view :)
For completeness, I would like to offer the case for the often overlooked inline-block display type.
Similar to the use of floats, the HTML is as follows:
<div id="nav">
<div class="red"></div>
<div class="green"></div>
<div class="blue"></div>
</div>
and the CSS:
#nav {
position:absolute;
top:0;
right:0;
}
#nav div {
width: 120px;
height: 40px;
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: bottom;
}
#nav div + div {
margin-left: 10px;
}
This inline-block approach behaves similarly to the floated-child-div's approach.
In this application, I can't think of a reason to use one over the other.
One minor consideration is that inline-block is not supported in some older browsers.
Otherwise, both approaches use the same mark-up and the CSS rules are similarly simple.
The choice may depend a lot on the content that you use in the #nav div elements.
Demo fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/audetwebdesign/EVJPN/
I understand that there are several questions here about this problem, but I have a rather unique predicament. I'm working on a template that has to include certain tags, and has to work with other elements that are added to the template after I upload the code. I wouldn't worry about this, but I am having a time trying to get the footer to display at the bottom of the page. I can't alter anything about the footer, and it displays at the bottom of the div I'm using as a wrapper. The problem is if I set the height to a fixed value, there can only be so many comments made before the comment div overlaps the footer. I've tried several different solutions including setting the container div's height to auto, overflow to auto, bottom margin to 65 (height of the footer), and setting the overflow to scroll for the Comments div (resulted in very loose comments).
Here is an example of the problem and the template as it stands.
Here is the CSS styling for the container div (div id=Main)
#Main {
margin: 0px auto auto auto;
background-color: #808080;
font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, sans-serif;
font-size: medium;
font-variant: normal;
color: #FFFFFF;
width: 900px;
position: relative;
}
Here's the CSS styling for the Comments div
#Comments {
background-color: #008080;
width: 450px;
height: auto;
top: 1750px;
left: 450px;
position: absolute;
overflow: auto;
}
And here's how the divs are stacked in the body
<div id="Main">
...
<div id="Comment_Form">
<!--[COMMENT_FORM=400,200]-->
</div>
<div id="Comments">
<!--[COMMENTS=400]-->
Comments
</div>
</div>
Since the page is going to be image heavy, I'm trying to keep the code lightweight (and probably failing at it pretty badly).
Thank you for your help and I'll post the template as of now if anyone needs it.
EDIT:
Okay, it's occurred to me that a) I need to redo the CSS and the divs that I have down, and b) I have no clue how to do it using pure CSS, or at least with out fighting it as one of you has said. What I'm trying to achieve is this:
I have no clue How to do this. and any help would be greatly appreciated (as well as any way to avoid having each and every element in its own div)
You seem to be really fighting your CSS on that page. Most of your elements are positioned absolutely within your #Main class. This will force you to specify a lot more layout than you really want to. It also means that if you have a variable quantity of comments or dynamic content, you'll find it that much harder to expand your content containers without others getting in the way.
I would strongly urge you to look at CSS frameworks or approaches that take advantage of grid layouts such as Nicole Sullivan's OOCSS framework.
You'll find that the structure (which has plenty of good, workable examples) is easy to follow and lends itself much more readily to the sorts of layouts that you're trying to achieve.
I hope this is helpful.
Here is a very basic layout that you can use.
In your CSS:
#header, #content, #comments{
margin: 0 auto;
width: 960px;
overflow: hidden;
}
#author-comments{
width: 100%;
}
#comment-box{
float: left;
width: 50%;
}
#comment-list{
float: right;
width: 50%;
}
In your markup:
<div id="header">
Header
</div>
<div id="content">
Contents
<div>
<div id="comments">
<div id="author-comments">
Author comments
</div>
<div id="comment-box">
Comment box
</div>
<div id="comment-list">
Comment list
</div>
</div>
It's really important that you use markup that makes sense without the styles. Don't see divs as plain boxes but as actual content containers that give structure to your document.
On a side note, you mentioned that you were concerned about the ammount of divs to keep your file light, compensating for the amount of images you're using. Don't worry about this. Text documents (such as HTML) are nothing compared to images in terms of file size. However, his doesn't mean you should throw markup as if it was free ;)
One last thing. I noticed that you are using <img> elements to render your decoration images. Try using CSS to set them as background images in the corresponding <div>s. This not only will help you to make cleaner and easier to implement structures, but also will draw a line between the images that represent content and those that represent decoration.
I'll write without any testing how I would code the layout on your image:
HTML:
<div id="header" class="centered"></div>
<div id="content" class="centered">
<div id="navigation"></div>
<div id="content"></div>
</div>
<div id="comments" class="centered">
<div id="author-comments" class="centered"></div>
<div class="centered">
<div id="comment-field"></div>
<div id="user-comments"></div>
</div>
</div>
CSS:
* { margin:0px; padding:0px }
html { height:100% }
body { height:100% }
.centered { position:relative; margin:0 auto; width:960px }
#header { height:100px; background:#333 }
#content { overflow:hidden }
#author-comment { overflow:hidden; margin:30px auto }
#comment-field { position:relative; float:left; width:480px; overflow:hidden }
#user-comments { position:relative; float:left; width:480px; overflow:hidden }
Sorry, got no time to test now, but on first view, I don't see any problems with this code - write comments, if something doesn't work