I need help with a bit of CSS I'm trying to use. I'm testing with Chrome, but I need a solution that's not browser-specific.
I have a page divided into two iframes: a narrow one on the left that contains a table of contents, and a wide one on the right that displays a selected page. I want to display the URL of the selected page at the bottom of the left-hand frame. If it's too long to fit in the frame (as it usually is), it should wrap to a second line, and the first line should move up so that the last line remains bottom-aligned.
The structure of the page in the table of contents iframe looks like this:
<body>
<div>
<script...> <!--JavaScript that generates the table of contents--> </script>
</div>
<div id='showPageUrl' style="height:auto;position:absolute;bottom:0"></div>
<script...> showURL(document.URL) </script>
</body>
The following function is executed by the JavaScript code that loads pages (from an onclick event), and also by HTML that loads the initial page (above).
function showUrl(url) {
var sel = document.getElementById('showPageUrl');
if (sel!==null) {
sel.innerHTML = url;
}
}
The problem: if the URL is too long to fit on one line it doesn't wrap, because it contains no whitespace characters to wrap at. Instead the frame sprouts a horizontal scroll bar. If I replace the URL with a piece of text that contains whitespace, the text breaks at a whitespace character and displays properly.
I've looked for a CSS property to make the URL break wherever it has to, but I can't find anything. All the line break controls seem to assume there's whitespace and change how the rendering engine treats it.
What must I do to make a URL (with no whitespace) break properly at the end of a line?
You're looking for the overflow-wrap CSS property (legacy word-wrap):
.example {
word-wrap: break-word;
overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
Documentation: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-text/#overflow-wrap
Browser support: http://caniuse.com/#search=overflow-wrap
DEMO: http://jsfiddle.net/aueL3/2/
#showPageUrl { word-break: break-all; }
For reference: http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css3_pr_word-break.asp
This is not really a CSS issue. To specify allowed direct break points, you can use the <wbr> tag or the zero-width space character . You need to decide on the principles of breaking; there are various standards and practices on where a URL can be broken.
Primarily, don’t put URLs into textual content. They should appear in attributes, like href.
You can use this CSS to break the URL anywhere that is going to exceed the parent's width.
Here is the CSS:
.text {
position: absolute;
display: block;
width: 100%;
bottom: 0;
white-space: pre-wrap; /* CSS3 */
white-space: -moz-pre-wrap; /* Mozilla, since 1999 */
white-space: -pre-wrap; /* Opera 4-6 */
white-space: -o-pre-wrap; /* Opera 7 */
word-wrap: break-word; /* Internet Explorer 5.5+ */
}
white-space and word-wrap code taken from How do I wrap text with no whitespace inside a <td>?
Finally, a JSFiddle: Demo
Related Question: SO Question
zero-width space character is perfect for text, but urls are likely to be copied, and when pasted the space will be right there to break them. Since it is invisible, people won't understand what's wrong and will think the url is not working. Since support for wbr is not universal, for a similar issue I split the url in two spans marked with display:inline-block. They split just like an invisible space and don't mess copy & paste (is important to avoid spaces or newlines between them in the html or a space will be visible).
<span style="display:inline-block">firstpartoflongurl</span><span style="display:inline-block">seconfpartofit</span>
*I know this is too old to be useful to the original author, but may help others looking for the same thing
Try to use the following line to insert new line by replacing white spaces using css.
white-space: "pre-line"
Forcing the text split into multiple lines when it reaches the maximum width of the #div.
How can I do this? because, if I try to output data with 200 characters without spacing, I get the following:
Result 1 (no spacing):
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa...
Result 2 (have one space):
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa (space)
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa...
Expected result:
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa...
Do I need to use the following?
result+=str.substring(0,200) "\n";
or it is a CSS styling?
Applying word-break: break-all; will make the text wrap at whatever character whenever it exceeds it's parent's width, without the need of a space or other type breakpoint.
As already stated in the accepted answer use the following:
word-break:break-all;
The W3 specification that talks about these seem to suggest that
word-break: break-all is for requiring a particular behaviour with CJK
(Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) text, whereas word-wrap: break-word is
the more general, non-CJK-aware, behaviour.
(credit: AakashM: see post)
Word-Break Property options (W3Schools):
normal Default value. Break words according to their usual rules
break-all Lines may break between any two letters
keep-all Breaks are prohibited between pairs of letters
initial Sets this property to its default value. Read about initial
inherit Inherits this property from its parent element. Read about
Working Example:
Word-Break W3Schools
make a smaller div and use CSS text-align: justify and word-break:break-all;
Is this what you want?
use div and set the width of a div
In CSS File
.respose container:{
width:200
}
And then in the html file add
<p div="response container">
if(string.length>limit)
{`return string.substring(0,limit)+'...';`
}
else
{`return string;`
}
</p>
The word-break property can be used to control the text flow. The following value would fix your issue:
word-break: break-all
More info can be found here: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/word-break
The updated answer should be:
overflow-wrap:break-word;
It will break a word that by itself would not be able to fit on its own line, but leave all other words as they are (see overflow-wrap here).
You could also use:
overflow-wrap:anywhere; but this will allow line breaks after any word in an effort to reduce the width of an element. See the difference described below from MDN:
[break-word is] The same as the anywhere value, with normally unbreakable words allowed to be broken at arbitrary points if there are no otherwise acceptable break points in the line, but soft wrap opportunities introduced by the word break are NOT considered when calculating min-content intrinsic sizes.
Also, anywhere is not supported by Internet Explore, Safari, and some mobile browsers while break-word is supported on all major browsers (see [here][2]).
word-break: break-word; should no longer be used because it is deprecated in favor of the overflow-wrap:break-word;. Now, the word-break property is intended to be used when you want to break words regardless of whether they could fit on their own line (i.e. the OP's first example with word-break: break-all.
In contrast to word-break, overflow-wrap will only create a break if an entire word cannot be placed on its own line without overflowing.
(From overflow-wrap also linked above )
Ever since switching from TABLE-layout to DIV-layout, one common problem remains:
PROBLEM: you fill your DIV with dynamic text and inevitably there is a super-long word that extends over the edge of your div column and makes your site look unprofessional.
RETRO-WHINING: This never happened with table layouts. A table cell will always nicely expand to the width of the longest word.
SEVERITY: I see this problem on even the most major sites, especially on German sites where even common words such as "speed limit" are very long ("Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung").
Does anyone have a workable solution to this?
Soft hyphen
You can tell browsers where to split long words by inserting soft hyphen ():
averyverylongword
may be rendered as
averyverylongword
or
averyvery-
longword
A nice regular expression can ensure you won't be inserting them unless neccessary:
/([^\s-]{5})([^\s-]{5})/ → $1$2
Browsers and search engines are smart enough to ignore this character when searching text, and Chrome and Firefox (haven't tested others) ignore it when copying text to clipboard.
<wbr> element
Another option is to inject <wbr>, a former IE-ism, which is now in HTML5:
averyvery<wbr>longword
Breaks with no hyphen:
averyvery
longword
You can achieve the same with zero-width space character (or ​).
FYI there's also CSS hyphens: auto supported by latest IE, Firefox and Safari (but currently not Chrome):
div.breaking {
hyphens: auto;
}
However that hyphenation is based on a hyphenation dictionary and it's not guaranteed to break long words. It can make justified text prettier though.
Retro-whining solution
<table> for layout is bad, but display:table on other elements is fine. It will be as quirky (and stretchy) as old-school tables:
div.breaking {
display: table-cell;
}
overflow and white-space: pre-wrap answers below are good too.
Two fixes:
overflow:scroll -- this makes sure your content can be seen at the cost of design (scrollbars are ugly)
overflow:hidden -- just cuts off any overflow. It means people can't read the content though.
If (in the SO example) you want to stop it overlapping the padding, you'd probably have to create another div, inside the padding, to hold your content.
Edit: As the other answers state, there are a variety of methods for truncating the words, be that working out the render width on the client side (never attempt to do this server-side as it will never work reliably, cross platform) through JS and inserting break-characters, or using non-standard and/or wildly incompatible CSS tags (word-wrap: break-word doesn't appear to work in Firefox).
You will always need an overflow descriptor though. If your div contains another too-wide block-type piece of content (image, table, etc), you'll need overflow to make it not destroy the layout/design.
So by all means use another method (or a combination of them) but remember to add overflow too so you cover all browsers.
Edit 2 (to address your comment below):
Start off using the CSS overflow property isn't perfect but it stops designs breaking. Apply overflow:hidden first. Remember that overflow might not break on padding so either nest divs or use a border (whatever works best for you).
This will hide overflowing content and therefore you might lose meaning. You could use a scrollbar (using overflow:auto or overflow:scroll instead of overflow:hidden) but depending on the dimensions of the div, and your design, this might not look or work great.
To fix it, we can use JS to pull things back and do some form of automated truncation. I was half-way through writing out some pseudo code for you but it gets seriously complicated about half-way through. If you need to show as much as possible, give hyphenator a look in (as mentioned below).
Just be aware that this comes at the cost of user's CPUs. It could result in pages taking a long time to load and/or resize.
This is a complex issue, as we know, and not supported in any common way between browsers. Most browsers don't support this feature natively at all.
In some work done with HTML emails, where user content was being used, but script is not available (and even CSS is not supported very well) the following bit of CSS in a wrapper around your unspaced content block should at least help somewhat:
.word-break {
/* The following styles prevent unbroken strings from breaking the layout */
width: 300px; /* set to whatever width you need */
overflow: auto;
white-space: -moz-pre-wrap; /* Mozilla */
white-space: -hp-pre-wrap; /* HP printers */
white-space: -o-pre-wrap; /* Opera 7 */
white-space: -pre-wrap; /* Opera 4-6 */
white-space: pre-wrap; /* CSS 2.1 */
white-space: pre-line; /* CSS 3 (and 2.1 as well, actually) */
word-wrap: break-word; /* IE */
-moz-binding: url('xbl.xml#wordwrap'); /* Firefox (using XBL) */
}
In the case of Mozilla-based browsers, the XBL file mentioned above contains:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<bindings xmlns="http://www.mozilla.org/xbl"
xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<!--
More information on XBL:
http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/XBL:XBL_1.0_Reference
Example of implementing the CSS 'word-wrap' feature:
http://blog.stchur.com/2007/02/22/emulating-css-word-wrap-for-mozillafirefox/
-->
<binding id="wordwrap" applyauthorstyles="false">
<implementation>
<constructor>
//<![CDATA[
var elem = this;
doWrap();
elem.addEventListener('overflow', doWrap, false);
function doWrap() {
var walker = document.createTreeWalker(elem, NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT, null, false);
while (walker.nextNode()) {
var node = walker.currentNode;
node.nodeValue = node.nodeValue.split('').join(String.fromCharCode('8203'));
}
}
//]]>
</constructor>
</implementation>
</binding>
</bindings>
Unfortunately, Opera 8+ don't seem to like any of the above solutions, so JavaScript will have to be the solution for those browsers (like Mozilla/Firefox.) Another cross-browser solution (JavaScript) that includes the later editions of Opera would be to use Hedger Wang's script found here:
http://www.hedgerwow.com/360/dhtml/css-word-break.html
Other useful links/thoughts:
Incoherent Babble » Blog Archive » Emulating CSS word-wrap for Mozilla/Firefox
http://blog.stchur.com/2007/02/22/emulating-css-word-wrap-for-mozillafirefox/
[OU] No word wrap in Opera, displays fine in IE
http://list.opera.com/pipermail/opera-users/2004-November/024467.html
http://list.opera.com/pipermail/opera-users/2004-November/024468.html
CSS Cross Browser Word Wrap
.word_wrap
{
white-space: pre-wrap; /* css-3 */
white-space: -moz-pre-wrap; /* Mozilla, since 1999 */
white-space: -pre-wrap; /* Opera 4-6 */
white-space: -o-pre-wrap; /* Opera 7 */
word-wrap: break-word; /* Internet Explorer 5.5+ */
}
Use the style word-break:break-all;. I know it works on tables.
Do you mean that, in browsers that support it, word-wrap: break-word does not work ?
If included in the body definition of the stylesheet, it should works throughout the entire document.
If overflow is not a good solution, only a custom javascript could artificially break up long word.
Note: there is also this <wbr> Word Break tag. This gives the browser a spot where it can split the line up. Unfortunately, the <wbr> tag doesn't work in all browsers, only Firefox and Internet Explorer (and Opera with a CSS trick).
Just checked IE 7, Firefox 3.6.8 Mac, Firefox 3.6.8 Windows, and Safari:
word-wrap: break-word;
works for long links inside of a div with a set width and no overflow declared in the css:
#consumeralerts_leftcol{
float:left;
width: 250px;
margin-bottom:10px;
word-wrap: break-word;
}
I don't see any incompatibility issues
I just found out about hyphenator from this question. That might solve the problem.
After much fighting, this is what worked for me:
.pre {
font-weight: 500;
font-family: Courier New, monospace;
white-space: pre-wrap;
word-wrap: break-word;
word-break: break-all;
-webkit-hyphens: auto;
-moz-hyphens: auto;
hyphens: auto;
}
Works in the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox and Opera.
Note that I excluded many of the white-space properties the others suggested -- that actually broke the pre indentation for me.
For me on a div without fixed size and with dynamic content it worked using:
display:table;
word-break:break-all;
Re the regex in this comment, it's good, but it adds the shy hyphen only between groups of 5 non-whitespace-or-hyphen chars. That allows the last group be much longer than intended, since there's no matching group after it.
For instance, this:
'abcde12345678901234'.replace(/([^\s-]{5})([^\s-]{5})/g, '$1$2')
...results in this:
abcde12345678901234
Here's a version using positive lookahead to avoid that problem:
.replace(/([^\s-]{5})(?=[^\s-])/g, '$1')
...with this result:
abcde12345678901234
The solution I usually use for this problem is to set 2 different css rules for IE and other browsers:
word-wrap: break-word;
woks perfect in IE, but word-wrap is not a standard CSS property. It's a Microsoft specific property and doesn't work in Firefox.
For Firefox, the best thing to do using only CSS is to set the rule
overflow: hidden;
for the element that contains the text you want to wrap. It doesn't wrap the text, but hide the part of text that go over the limit of the container. It can be a nice solution if is not essential for you to display all the text (i.e. if the text is inside an <a> tag)
Update: Handling this in CSS is wonderfully simple and low overhead, but you have no control over where breaks occur when they do. That's fine if you don't care, or your data has long alphanumeric runs without any natural breaks. We had lots of long file paths, URLs, and phone numbers, all of which have places it's significantly better to break at than others.
Our solution was to first use a regex replacement to put a zero-width space () after every 15 (say) characters that aren't whitespace or one of the special characters where we'd prefer breaks. We then do another replacement to put a zero-width space after those special characters.
Zero-width spaces are nice, because they aren't ever visible on screen; shy hyphens were confusing when they showed, because the data has significant hyphens. Zero-width spaces also aren't included when you copy text out of the browser.
The special break characters we're currently using are period, forward slash, backslash, comma, underscore, #, |, and hyphen. You wouldn't think you'd need do anything to encourage breaking after hyphens, but Firefox (3.6 and 4 at least) doesn't break by itself at hyphens surrounded by numbers (like phone numbers).
We also wanted to control the number of characters between artificial breaks, based on the layout space available. That meant that the regex to match long non-breaking runs needed to be dynamic. This gets called a lot, and we didn't want to be creating the same identical regexes over and over for performance reasons, so we used a simple regex cache, keyed by the regex expression and its flags.
Here's the code; you'd probably namespace the functions in a utility package:
makeWrappable = function(str, position)
{
if (!str)
return '';
position = position || 15; // default to breaking after 15 chars
// matches every requested number of chars that's not whitespace or one of the special chars defined below
var longRunsRegex = cachedRegex('([^\\s\\.\/\\,_#\\|-]{' + position + '})(?=[^\\s\\.\/\\,_#\\|-])', 'g');
return str
.replace(longRunsRegex, '$1') // put a zero-width space every requested number of chars that's not whitespace or a special char
.replace(makeWrappable.SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEX, '$1'); // and one after special chars we want to allow breaking after
};
makeWrappable.SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEX = /([\.\/\\,_#\|-])/g; // period, forward slash, backslash, comma, underscore, #, |, hyphen
cachedRegex = function(reString, reFlags)
{
var key = reString + (reFlags ? ':::' + reFlags : '');
if (!cachedRegex.cache[key])
cachedRegex.cache[key] = new RegExp(reString, reFlags);
return cachedRegex.cache[key];
};
cachedRegex.cache = {};
Test like this:
makeWrappable('12345678901234567890 12345678901234567890 1234567890/1234567890')
Update 2: It appears that zero-width spaces in fact are included in copied text in at least some circumstances, you just can't see them. Obviously, encouraging people to copy text with hidden characters in it is an invitation to have data like that entered into other programs or systems, even your own, where it may cause problems. For instance, if it ends up in a database, searches against it may fail, and search strings like this are likely to fail too. Using arrow keys to move through data like this requires (rightly) an extra keypress to move across the character you can't see, somewhat bizarre for users if they notice.
In a closed system, you can filter that character out on input to protect yourself, but that doesn't help other programs and systems.
All told, this technique works well, but I'm not certain what the best choice of break-causing character would be.
Update 3: Having this character end up in data is no longer a theoretical possibility, it's an observed problem. Users submit data copied off the screen, it gets saved in the db, searches break, things sort weirdly etc..
We did two things:
Wrote a utility to remove them from all columns of all tables in all datasources for this app.
Added filtering to remove it to our standard string input processor, so it's gone by the time any code sees it.
This works well, as does the technique itself, but it's a cautionary tale.
Update 4: We're using this in a context where the data fed to this may be HTML escaped. Under the right circumstances, it can insert zero-width spaces in the middle of HTML entities, with funky results.
Fix was to add ampersand to the list of characters we don't break on, like this:
var longRunsRegex = cachedRegex('([^&\\s\\.\/\\,_#\\|-]{' + position + '})(?=[^&\\s\\.\/\\,_#\\|-])', 'g');
Need to set "table-layout: fixed” for word-wrap to work
HYPHENATOR is the right answer (given above). The real problem behind your question is that web browsers are still (in 2008) extremely primitive that they do not have a hyphenation-feature. Look, we are still on the early beginnings of computer usage - we have to be patient. As long as designers rule the web world we will have a hard time waiting for some real useful new features.
UPDATE:
As of December, 2011, we now have another option, with the emerging support of these tags in FF and Safari:
p {
-webkit-hyphens: auto;
-moz-hyphens: auto;
hyphens: auto;
}
I've done some basic testing and it seems to work on a recent version of Mobile Safari and Safari 5.1.1.
Compatibility table: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/CSS/hyphens#AutoCompatibilityTable
For compatibility with IE 8+ use:
-ms-word-break: break-all;
word-break: break-all;
/* Non standard for webkit */
word-break: break-word;
-webkit-hyphens: auto;
-moz-hyphens: auto;
hyphens: auto;
See it here http://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/prevent-long-urls-from-breaking-out-of-container/
All I had to do was apply this to the style of the div container with a set width.
p {
overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
#-moz-document url-prefix() {
p {
white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;
word-wrap: break-word;
}
}
Use this
word-wrap: break-word;
overflow-wrap: break-word;
word-break: break-all;
If you have this -
<style type="text/css">
.cell {
float: left;
width: 100px;
border: 1px solid;
line-height: 1em;
}
</style>
<div class="cell">TopLeft</div>
<div class="cell">TopMiddlePlusSomeOtherTextWhichMakesItToLong</div>
<div class="cell">TopRight</div>
<br/>
<div class="cell">BottomLeft</div>
<div class="cell">BottomMiddle</div>
<div class="cell">bottomRight</div>
just switch to a vertical format with containing divs and use min-width in your CSS instead of width -
<style type="text/css">
.column {
float: left;
min-width: 100px;
}
.cell2 {
border: 1px solid;
line-height: 1em;
}
</style>
<div class="column">
<div class="cell2">TopLeft</div>
<div class="cell2">BottomLeft</div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<div class="cell2">TopMiddlePlusSomeOtherTextWhichMakesItToLong</div>
<div class="cell2">BottomMiddle</div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<div class="cell2">TopRight</div>
<div class="cell2">bottomRight</div>
</div>
<br/>
Of course, if you are displaying genuine tabular data it is ok to use a real table as it is semantically correct and will inform people using screen readers that is supposed to be in a table. It is using them for general layout or image-slicing that people will lynch you for.
I had to do the following because, if the properties were not declared in the correct order, it would randomly break words at the wrong place and without adding a hyphen.
-moz-white-space: pre-wrap;
white-space: pre-wrap;
hyphens: auto;
-ms-word-break: break-all;
-ms-word-wrap: break-all;
-webkit-word-break: break-word;
-webkit-word-wrap: break-word;
word-break: break-word;
word-wrap: break-word;
-webkit-hyphens: auto;
-moz-hyphens: auto;
-ms-hyphens: auto;
hyphens: auto;
Originally posted by Enigmo: https://stackoverflow.com/a/14191114
Yeah, if it is possible, setting an absolute width and setting overflow : auto works well.
"word-wrap: break-word" works in Firefox 3.5
http://hacks.mozilla.org/2009/06/word-wrap/
Add this to css of your div: word-wrap: break-word;
after all the word wraps and breaks,
preserve your overflow and see if this solves your issue. simply change your div's display to: display: inline;
A simple function (requires underscore.js) -- based off of #porneL answer
String.prototype.shyBreakString = function(maxLength) {
var shystring = [];
_.each(this.split(' '), function(word){
shystring.push(_.chop(word, maxLength).join(''));
});
return shystring.join(' ');
};
I've written a function that works great where it inserts x letters into the word for good line breaking. All answers here did not support all browsers and devices but this works well using PHP:
/**
* Add line-break to text x characters in
* #param string $text
* #param integer $characters_in
* #return string
*/
function line_break_text($text, $characters_in = 10) {
$split = explode(' ', $text);
if ( ! empty($split)) {
foreach ($split as $key => $var) {
if ( strlen($var) > $characters_in ) {
$split[$key] = substr_replace($var, '', $characters_in, 0);
}
}
}
return implode(' ', $split);
}