I want to have a stylesheet that is appropriate for print and screens of decent width.
I hope my intent is obvious when I type:
#media print or (screen and (min-width: 801px)) {
Rules here
}
Sadly, this won’t work.
What is the correct syntax?
Try this (a comma seperates several independent condtions/queries):
#media print, screen and (min-width: 801px) {
Rules here
}
Try this:
#media print, (min-width: 801px) {
Rules here
}
That would be for OR.
Just FYI, an AND structure would look like this:
#media print and (min-width: 801px) {
Rules here
}
#media print, screen and (min-width: 801px) {
.intro_text{
border: solid 1px blue;
}
}
works on a Mac (Safari, Chrome and Firefox.) Note the comma and fewer parentheses per:
2.1 Combining Media Queries
"Several media queries can be combined into a comma-separated media query list."
I would think, given:
2.4. Media Features
Media features are always wrapped in parentheses and combined with the and or or keywords, like (color) and (min-width: 600px), rather than being separated with semicolons.
2.5. Combining Media Features
"Media conditions can be grouped by wrapping them in parentheses () which can then be nested within a condition the same as a single media query."
It is invalid to mix and and or and not at the same “level” of a media query. For example, (color) and (pointer) or (hover) is illegal, as it’s unclear what was meant. Instead, parentheses can be used to group things using a particular joining keyword, yielding either (color) and ((pointer) or (hover)) or ((color) and (pointer)) or (hover). These two have very different meanings: if only (hover) is true, the first one evaluates to false but the second evaluates to true.
that some set of parentheses would work, but I can't find one. This must be due to the difference between "Media Queries" and "Media Features." The spec language seems a little unclear at places to me, e.g. the reference to "semicolons" above.
I would like to apply a CSS media query to a certain screen size AND print media type.
Is it possible to do it with something like:
#media (min-width: 768px) and print {...}
The correct way to do this is: #media print, (min-width: 768px){..}
Comment from LcSalazar:
Just a tip, in this case is not "AND" but "OR"... "AND" has another
meaning, that is if both conditions were met.
The correct way to apply css to
screen size AND print media type
is
#media print and (min-width: 768px) { }
http://jsfiddle.net/kjtz9jaq/1/
If you don't put the and then you get results that affect screen as well demonstrated here
http://jsfiddle.net/kjtz9jaq/
I'm using stylus for css and I like to try and contain smaller more manageable snippets/modules of styles across lots of files/dirs.
Is it ok to have media queries in each of these files, so the query is only relevant to the styles in the same styl/css file? Would this cause any sort of performance issues (other than my css file being larger due to multiple query statements)?
eg
//a.sty
#a ...
#media only screen and (min-width: 480px)
#a ...
#media only screen and (min-width: 900px)
#a ...
...
//b.sty
#b ...
#media only screen and (min-width: 480px)
#b ...
#media only screen and (min-width: 900px)
#b ...
First question:
Is it ok to have media queries in each of these files, so the query is only relevant to the styles in the same styl/css file?
Yes, I have seen a lot of long responsive.styl files, and they are not pretty. It is best to separate media queries into the files they belong in.
One word of caution. Keep your media query values in one file (e.g. variables.styl) or you will soon regret it when you want to change them later.
To implement this in Stylus I do the following:
In variables.styl
smartphoneWidth = 748px
tabletWidth = 1012px
mqSmartphone = "only screen and (max-width: " + smartphoneWidth + ")"
mqTablet = "only screen and (max-width: " + tabletWidth + ")"
Now in your other stylus files you can use:
#media mqSmartphone
// Styles go here
#media mqTablet
// Styles go here
Second question:
Would this cause any sort of performance issues (other than my css file being larger due to multiple query statements)?
The multiple queries shouldn't affect the css parsing efficiency by any noticeable amount.
See this article for confirmation.
I have 2 conditions for a certain CSS rule:
#media all and (min-width:481px) and (max-width:1024px)
and
#media all and (max-height:900px)
Since I guessing I can't concatenate conditions with or is there a way not to duplicate the CSS rule for both conditions?
You can do that using a comma:
#media all and (min-width:481px) and (max-width:1024px),
all and (max-height:900px)
When writing a CSS media query, is there any way you can specify multiple conditions with "OR" logic?
I'm attempting to do something like this:
/* This doesn't work */
#media screen and (max-width: 995px OR max-height: 700px) {
...
}
Use a comma to specify two (or more) different rules:
#media screen and (max-width: 995px),
screen and (max-height: 700px) {
...
}
From https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries
Commas are used to combine multiple media queries into a single rule. Each query in a comma-separated list is treated separately from the others. Thus, if any of the queries in a list is true, the entire media statement returns true. In other words, lists behave like a logical or operator.
CSS Media Queries & Logical Operators: A Brief Overview ;)
The quick answer.
Separate rules with commas:
#media handheld, (min-width: 650px), (orientation: landscape) { ... }
The long answer.
There's a lot here, but I've tried to make it information dense, not just fluffy writing. It's been a good chance to learn myself! Take the time to systematically read though and I hope it will be helpful.
Media Queries
Media queries essentially are used in web design to create device- or situation-specific browsing experiences; this is done using the #media declaration within a page's CSS. This can be used to display a webpage differently under a large number of circumstances: whether you are on a tablet or TV with different aspect ratios, whether your device has a color or black-and-white screen, or, perhaps most frequently, when a user changes the size of their browser or switches between browsing devices with varying screen sizes (very generally speaking, designing like this is referred to as Responsive Web Design)
Logical Operators
In designing for these situations, there appear to be four Logical Operators that can be used to require more complex combinations of requirements when targeting a variety of devices or viewport sizes.
(Note: If you don't understand the the differences between media rules, media queries, and feature queries, browse the bottom section of this answer first to get a bit better acquainted with the terminology associated with media query syntax
1. AND (and keyword)
Requires that all conditions specified must be met before the styling rules will take effect.
#media screen and (min-width: 700px) and (orientation: landscape) { ... }
The specified styling rules won't go into place unless all of the following evaluate as true:
The media type is 'screen' and
The viewport is at least 700px wide and
Screen orientation is currently landscape.
Note: I believe that used together, these three feature queries make up a single media query.
2. OR (Comma-separated lists)
Rather than an or keyword, comma-separated lists are used in chaining multiple media queries together to form a more complex media rule
#media handheld, (min-width: 650px), (orientation: landscape) { ... }
The specified styling rules will go into effect once any one media query evaluates as true:
The media type is 'handheld' or
The viewport is at least 650px wide or
Screen orientation is currently landscape.
3. NOT (not keyword)
The not keyword can be used to negate a single media query (and NOT a full media rule--meaning that it only negates entries between a set of commas and not the full media rule following the #media declaration).
Similarly, note that the not keyword negates media queries, it cannot be used to negate an individual feature query within a media query.*
#media not screen and (min-resolution: 300dpi), (min-width: 800px) { ... }
The styling specified here will go into effect if
The media type AND min-resolution don't both meet their requirements ('screen' and '300dpi' respectively) or
The viewport is at least 800 pixels wide.
In other words, if the media type is 'screen' and the min-resolution is 300 dpi, the rule will not go into effect unless the min-width of the viewport is at least 800 pixels.
(The not keyword can be a little funky to state. Let me know if I can do better. ;)
4. ONLY (only keyword)
As I understand it, the only keyword is used to prevent older browsers from misinterpreting newer media queries as the earlier-used, narrower media type. When used correctly, older/non-compliant browsers should just ignore the styling altogether.
<link rel="stylesheet" media="only screen and (color)" href="example.css" />
An older / non-compliant browser would just ignore this line of code altogether, I believe as it would read the only keyword and consider it an incorrect media type. (See here and here for more info from smarter people)
FOR MORE INFO
For more info (including more features that can be queried), see: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/CSS/Media_queries#Logical_operators
Understanding Media Query Terminology
Note: I needed to learn the following terminology for everything here to make sense, particularly concerning the not keyword. Here it is as I understand it:
A media rule (MDN also seems to call these media statements) includes the term #media with all of its ensuing media queries
#media all and (min-width: 800px)
#media only screen and (max-resolution:800dpi), not print
#media screen and (min-width: 700px), (orientation: landscape)
#media handheld, (min-width: 650px), (min-aspect-ratio: 1/1)
A media query is a set of feature queries. They can be as simple as one feature query or they can use the and keyword to form a more complex query. Media queries can be comma-separated to form more complex media rules (see the or keyword above).
screen (Note: Only one feature query in use here.)
only screen
only screen and (max-resolution:800dpi)
only tv and (device-aspect-ratio: 16/9) and (color)
NOT handheld, (min-width: 650px). (Note the comma: there are two media queries here.)
A feature query is the most basic portion of a media rule and simply concerns a given feature and its status in a given browsing situation.
screen
(min-width: 650px)
(orientation: landscape)
(device-aspect-ratio: 16/9)
Code snippets and information derived from:
CSS media queries by Mozilla Contributors (licensed under CC-BY-SA 2.5). Some code samples were used with minor alterations to (hopefully) increase clarity of explanation.
There are two ways for writing a proper media queries in css. If you are writing media queries for larger device first, then the correct way of writing will be:
#media only screen
and (min-width : 415px){
/* Styles */
}
#media only screen
and (min-width : 769px){
/* Styles */
}
#media only screen
and (min-width : 992px){
/* Styles */
}
But if you are writing media queries for smaller device first, then it would be something like:
#media only screen
and (max-width : 991px){
/* Styles */
}
#media only screen
and (max-width : 768px){
/* Styles */
}
#media only screen
and (max-width : 414px){
/* Styles */
}
yes, using and, like:
#media screen and (max-width: 800px),
screen and (max-height: 600px) {
...
}
Yes, but not by using OR, you need to use and. Like,
#media screen and (max-width: 995px) and (max-height: 700px) {
...
}
And also, we can do it this way. The comma implies OR relationship,
#media screen and (max-width: 995px),
screen and (max-height: 700px) {
...
}
More information - Click here