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I need to know whether the "crypt" Command Unix/Solaris 10 support 128bit encryption/decryption.
A Blog Post shows that crypt on Solaris 10 does not use anything like DES, RSA, AES etc (wich are typically involved when speaking of "128 Bit encryption"). It uses a weak function that can be broken by many tools, one mentioned in that very article. Use the openssl library or tools when you need up-to-date cryptography.
Use the encrypt and decrypt commands which are always installed on Solaris 10. Openssl provides similar functionalities but might be missing from a standard installation.
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Where do linux systems keep the users encrypted passwords and how can it be decoded? Or maybe there is a workaround for getting the initial user's password? Thanks
the default directory to the file that keeps passwords in Unix systems is
etc/passwds
and in macOS
etc/master.passwds
https://docs.python.org/3/library/crypt.html
you can read about crypt library of python which may help you to decode the Unix password. One of the ways I do it is I generate all possible Strings of a certain length 8, and then compare the hash from that file with the hash of each of these words. I am not sure that it is the optimal way of solving this question but it works.
Take a look here:
Python generate all possible strings of length n
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As I understand it, PNaCl is designed to support C and C++. Has anyone managed to get any other languages (that compile to native code) to run in PNaCl?
Ruby, Lua, and a number of other languages have been ported to NaCl already. See the list of NaCl ports for full documentation. https://code.google.com/p/naclports/wiki/PortList
There are a couple of different approaches for targeting other languages to PNaCl. One is compiling the language interpreter with the PNaCl toolchain. Since most interpreters/VMs are written in C and C++, this turns out to be easy in practice. naclports already has Lua, Python and Ruby running in this manner.
A more direct approach is taken by llgo - actually emitting PNaCl bitcode. There were also discussions about Mono (which does run on NaCl) on PNaCl - https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/native-client-discuss/Km1FOVH6yn0
The real answer is - it's still early (PNaCl was released publicly last week!); this is a ripe field for disruption because the technology is new. If someone wants to port other languages, it would be very welcome.
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SSH - Secured shell runs on all Unix-like operating systems, but originally was it a part of standard Unix package?
Nope, it didn't come out until much later (1995) unix was from 1969.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell#Version_1.x
It was originally released as freeware:
The goal of SSH was to replace the earlier rlogin, TELNET and rsh
protocols, which did not provide strong authentication nor guarantee
confidentiality. Ylönen released his implementation as freeware in
July 1995, and the tool quickly gained in popularity.
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I'm aware that the default encryption provided by the zip command in Linux isn't considered to be secure, but I'm curious - what algorithm does it use when encrypting with the --encrypt option?
Since the zip command will write out PKZIP files, it would follow they're implementing the specs for that. Apparently the format allows for several distinct ciphers, the one typically considered "insecure" looks like it's homegrown.
See here for a detailed discussion of how to break it, including some insights into the original algorithm: http://math.ucr.edu/~mike/zipattacks.pdf
Traditional encryption is based on a stream cypher by Roger Schaffely.
The exact, symmetric algorithm is illustrated here http://www.academia.edu/348210/PKZIP_Algorithm
Newer versions of the linux zip utility (zip-info) seem to be going to include AES encryption aswell:
http://www.info-zip.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=396&p=2453&hilit=aes#p2453
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Which one is more powerful operating system? And is it possible to convert Microsoft-DOS batch file into Unix Script and vice-versa?
DOS is a 16-bit monouser operating system, without any kind of memory protection. UNIX is a 32/64 bit multiuser operating system, with multiprocess scheduling, userspace/kernel space separation and memory protection.
From just that description, i can say UNIX is a lot more powerful than DOS. But of course depends on your requirements :)
Is it possible to convert a .bat file to a unixshell script, sure, just do it by hand.
It depends how you define power. By most common definitions a multi-user OS (UNIX) is more powerful than a single user one (DOS). However this is not always the case. If your requirements are for a embedded single user system , then one could argue that a single user OS is better.