In a Linux or Mac environment, Vim’s glob() function doesn’t match dot files such as .vimrc or .hiddenfile. Is there a way to get it to match all files including hidden ones?
The command I’m using:
let s:BackupFiles = glob("~/.vimbackup/*")
I’ve even tried setting the mysterious {flag} parameter to 1, and yet it still doesn’t return the hidden files.
Update: Thanks ib! Here’s the result of what I’ve been working on: delete-old-backups.vim.
That is due to how the glob() function works: A single-star pattern
does not match hidden files by design. In most shells, the default
globbing style can be changed to do so (e.g., via shopt -s dotglob
in Bash), but it is not possible in Vim, unfortunately.
However, one has several possibilities to solve the problem still.
First and most obvious is to glob hidden and not hidden files
separately and then concatenate the results:
:let backupfiles = glob(&backupdir..'/*').."\n"..glob(&backupdir..'/.[^.]*')
(Be careful not to fetch the . and .. entries along with hidden files.)
Another, perhaps more convenient but less portable way is to use
the backtick expansion within the glob() call:
:let backupfiles = glob('`find '..&backupdir..' -maxdepth 1 -type f`')
This forces Vim to execute the command inside backticks to obtain
the list of files. The find shell command lists all files (-type f)
including the hidden ones, in the specified directory (-maxdepth 1
forbids recursion).
Related
I would like to list all plain files that are not python scripts in zsh.
Why does the following "code" not work and what is the proper solution?
ls -l *(.)~*.py
UPDATE:
I have setopt extended_glob in my .zshrc.
And
ls -ld *~*.py``
works as expected.
(I added the -d in the command to prevent directories from getting expanded).
The problem is that ~ is a glob operator (that also requires EXTENDED_GLOB be set), while (.) is a glob qualifier, which means it must be added to the end of the entire pattern, not used in the middle. Use
ls *~*.py(.)
instead. That is, *~*.py is your pattern (all files not ending in .py), and (.) is applied to the results. (Perhaps yet another way to put it is to say that glob operators can only work on unqualified patterns.)
I'm having problem with setting up simple function in ZSH.
I want to make function which downloads only mp3 file from youtube.
I used youtube-dl and i want to make simple function to make that easy for me
ytmp3(){
youtube-dl -x --audio-format mp3 "$#"}
So when i try
ytmp3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DiEbmg3lU8
i get
zsh: no matches found: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DiEbmg3lU8
but if i try
ytmp3 "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DiEbmg3lU8"
it works.
I figured out that program runs (but wont download anything) if i remove all charachers after ? including it. So i guess that this is some sort of special character for zsh.
By default, the ZSH will try to "glob" patterns that you use on command lines (it will try to match the pattern to file names). If it can't make a match, you get the error you're getting ("no matches found").
You can disable this behaviour by disabling the nomatch option:
unsetopt nomatch
The manual page describes this option as follows (it describes what happens when the option is enabled):
If a pattern for filename generation has no matches, print an error, instead of leaving it unchanged in the argument list.
Try again with the option disabled:
$ unsetopt nomatch
$ ytmp3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DiEbmg3lU8
If you want to permanently disable the option, you can add the disable command to your ~/.zshrc file.
The question mark is part of ZSH's pattern matching, similarly to *. It means "Any character".
For instance, ls c?nfig will list both "config" and "cinfig", provided they exist.
So, yes, your problem is simply that zsh is trying to interpret the ? in the URL as a pattern to match to files, failing to find any, and crapping out. Escape the ? with a \ or put quotes around it, like you did, to fix it.
EDIT #1 : I'm under the limit that all arguments are enclosed in two quotes, so that shell do not expand any argument with * to the corresponding path.
EDIT #2 : In order to retrieve directories such as */*, ../*, and dirA/*/file.out, How should I use iteration loop or recursive call?
I have just learned about the function fnmatch(). But I don't know start place.
There are many possible cases. I'm confused dealing with these all cases.
For example, Let me assume that executable program is a.out.
$./a.out -l */*
$./a.out -l ../*
$./a.out -l [file_name] [directory_name]
/* Since I also have to implement ls command with no wildcard. */
What should I do? Any advice would be awesome.
Thank you in advance.
Your problem is : shell replaces wildcard caracter * with all of the filenames matching the pattern.
Solution:
If you do not want to use this feature of bash, just put quotation marks around your command line arguments.
Calling your program that way will have the original arguments, containing wildcards.
After this, you can list all the filenames with their paths. For example using some recursive algorithm. Then you can apply some matching to these path string. (when visiting it)
If you want to be a good unix citizen, the rule is Don't do filename globbing unless you are writing a shell.
You want to write an ls-like program? Don't do any wildcard expansion. Don't treat "*" specially. Just treat your argv as a list of filenames. If your program handles these cases:
./a.out file1
./a.out file1 file2 file3
Then it will also handle
./a.out file*
correctly because the shell will do the expansion and your program won't need to know about it. And besides that, it will handle this:
zsh% ./a.out **/file<40-185>~file<90-100>(.mm-30OL[1,2])
which in zsh expanded glob syntax means: expand file40 through file185, except for file90 through file100, include only the ones that have been modified in the last 30 minutes, and use only the largest 2 files in the resulting set.
fnmatch is never going to do anything like that. But these fancy globs can be used with any command that just takes a filename list and doesn't care where it came from.
When you're in a situation where you can't take a list of filenames from the command line, then consider using fnmatch. ls isn't one of those situations.
When I use the command typeset -f in ksh, a list of functions with their definition is displayed in stdout.
I tried to search where those functions are defined, but I couldn't find any hint about them. Can anyone help me finding them?
EDIT
I'm just learning the use of the typeset command, typing man typeset game me nothing (no manual entry for typeset).
In order to define functions that will be displayed using typeset -f, we need to define a function and export it using typeset -xf.
Functions can be declared in the .profile, or files called from .profile or put in a dir that is referenced by the FPATH variable (and proabably other places too). Read your man ksh carefully for the order of files that are processed on startup. Search for the 'Invocation', 'Files', and 'Functions' sections.
Also, there are a group of default functions that ksh sets up. So please edit your question to show the function names that your concerned with.
IHTH
Shells don't keep a record of where functions (or aliases, or variables, etc...) are defined. Conceptually, and notwithstanding interactive usage features like shell history, shells read commands from input one at a time, execute them, and then forget them. Sometimes those commands come from interactive input, sometimes they come from scripts. Sometimes they have side effects like defining a function in the shell's environment, but the shell still doesn't remember the command or its position in the shell's input stream after it's finished executing it.
I would like to find any files within a given root that contain arbitrary extensions in the filename.
I saw this post:
How to delete all files with certain suffix before file extension
Based on that information, I tried this:
find . -iregex ".*\.\(wav\|aif\|wave\|aiff\)"
This seems like it should work, but I don't get any results printed to the terminal window.
Can anyone offer advice? I'm on OSX 10.7
Thanks,
jml
You are looking for:
find . -regex ".*\.\(wav\|aif\|wave\|aiff\)"
You were missing escape, \, characters on the or, |, operators
Is that an emacs style regex?
If not, try using -regextype. From the find man page on Linux (archaic):
-regextype type
Changes the regular expression syntax understood by -regex and -iregex tests which occur later on the command line. Currently-implemented types are emacs (this is the default), posix-awk, posix-basic, posix-egrep and posix-extended.
On MacOS X, the manual page for find says:
-iregex pattern
Like -regex, but the match is case insensitive.
-regex pattern
True if the whole path of the file matches pattern using regular expression. To match a file named './foo/xyzzy', you can use the regular expression '.*/[xyz]*' or '.*/foo/.*', but not 'xyzzy' or '/foo/'.
Some experimentation shows that:
find pdf -iregex ".*/.*.pdf"
finds a whole lot of PDF files in my folder full of them, but none of these variants find anything:
find pdf -iregex ".*/.*\.(pdf|doc|docx)"
find pdf -iregex ".*/.*\.\(pdf|doc|docx\)"
find pdf -iregex ".*/.*.(pdf|doc|docx)"
find pdf -iregex ".*/.*.\(pdf|doc|docx\)"
Consequently, one is forced to assume that the regexes supported by MacOS X (BSD) find do not include alternation (parentheses and pipes) amongst the recognized characters. 'Tis a pity: man 7 re_format implies it might, but it doesn't. The -regextype option is not supported on MacOS X (BSD), it seems.
So, it may be simplest to install GNU find, or to do N separate searches for the N different file extensions, or do one search for files in general and use egrep '\.(aff|wave?|aiff)$' to catch the files you're interested in. That rather assumes you don't use newlines in file names (spaces etc are OK, but newlines are not).