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am very much interested in unix. Want to learn in and out.
Can you guys help me by listing some books which can make me a wizard?
Ultimately I want to become a unix programmer.
I am not a novice user in Unix.
You want system administration knowledge, or programming knowledge?
For programming:
Advanced Programming in the Unix Environment
Unix Network Programming
The Art of Unix Programming
For system administration:
Automating Linux and System Administration
Unix and Linux Administration Handbook
As other responders have noted, Advanced Programming in the Unix Environment (APUE) is indispensable.
Other books that you might want to consider (these have more of a Linux focus, but are a good way to become familiar with Unix internals):
Linux System Programming: well written, understandable introduction to the Linux API. Not as much depth as the others, but a good way to get the "lay of the land."
The Linux Programming Interface: A Linux and UNIX System Programming Handbook: more up to date than APUE, but focused on Linux.
Understanding the Linux Kernel (O'Reilly): learn about Unix programming from the perspective of an OS implementer, rather than a application developer.
check these out: UNIX Internals: The New Frontiers , The Design of the UNIX Operating System ,UNIX Systems Programming: Communication, Concurrency and Threads
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Having just recently gotten into embedded programming using PIC microcontrollers, I am trying to understand the difference between Bare metal, RTOS and SoC.
Online searches reveal contradictory definitions and meanings.
For example, Semiengineering state that "An RTOS is code written on bare metal" and arduino.cc state that "If you programming controller without using any [RT]OS it's a bare metal approach".
The implication is that some code written on bare metal can be considered to be RTOS, whilst others may not be.
Therefore, my question is when can embedded programming of microntroollers be considered programming of bare metal and/or RTOS? And where does SoC fit into all of this, if at all?
Any insight that anyone can provide will be very much appreciated!
(1) An RTOS is a Real Time Operating System. Implementing an operating system is not the same thing as using an operating system. It seems like you'd know whether you're programming using a Real Time Operating System or nothing. And that's the difference between using a RTOS and bare metal.
Note that the RTOS code is bare-metal programming, because it's not using any lower-level software. And then when you write your code using the RTOS, it's not bare-metal programming, because you're using the services of the RTOS.
(2) It seems like you'd know whether you're implementing an operating system or an embedded application And that's the other difference.
(3) As regards an SoC - that's a hardware category. Is there one integrated circuit containing the CPU and a bunch of associated functions (interrupt controller, maybe an MMU, peripheral interfaces, network, etc.)? Then it may be a SoC. Or are there a few other ICs providing these functions? Then it's not a SoC.
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I am currently developing a solution in R and I need to know the system requirements for R on a windows machine for documentation purposes.
It's a question beyond "would R run in my machine", since I need to know the exact specifics. I know for a fact that it already runs without any problem, but I need to document this requirements for the Administrator in the IT team.
Thank you so much for your collaboration!
From An Introduction to R (https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/R-intro.html)
--max-mem-size=N
(Windows only) Specify a limit for the amount of memory to be used both for R objects and working areas. This is set by default to the smaller of the amount of physical RAM in the machine and for 32-bit R, 1.5Gb26, and must be between 32Mb and the maximum allowed on that version of Windows.
Note, this is specific to Windows machines. I haven't seen anything regarding other operating systems. I've never seen anything about processors or other hardware either.
as far as I can tell, if you have a computer with a processor and at least 32 Mb or RAM, it will run R (no guarantees on how well).
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Where is a good place to start if one is interested in Unix systems programming?
Any recommended reading, tutorials etc that are aimed at the beginner?
What knowledge is needed to start with systems programming?
Stevens is the bible. Read and understand this and his other books and you have most of what you need.
http://www.amazon.com/UNIX-Systems-Programming-Communication-Concurrency/dp/0130424110
I have tried myself many books for learning the system programming.The best which I found is:
System Programming with C and Unix by Adam Hoover
You can directly start with this book.
Start with Mark Rochkind's "Advanced Unix Programming" if you can find it. Then graduate to Stevens "Advanced Programming in the Unix Environment".
I discovered this too for anyone interested. Apparently it is the "New standard" for linux programming.
The Linux Programming Interface: A Linux and UNIX System Programming Handbook
http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/LCSR-Computing/programming.html
to program under unix in c and pascal
C and Unix Programming: A Comprehensive Guide
this worked wonders for me
cprogramming.com
I think the best place to learn c and c++ and some other stuff. They also have great suggestions for books (and ebooks).
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Which one is more powerful operating system? And is it possible to convert Microsoft-DOS batch file into Unix Script and vice-versa?
DOS is a 16-bit monouser operating system, without any kind of memory protection. UNIX is a 32/64 bit multiuser operating system, with multiprocess scheduling, userspace/kernel space separation and memory protection.
From just that description, i can say UNIX is a lot more powerful than DOS. But of course depends on your requirements :)
Is it possible to convert a .bat file to a unixshell script, sure, just do it by hand.
It depends how you define power. By most common definitions a multi-user OS (UNIX) is more powerful than a single user one (DOS). However this is not always the case. If your requirements are for a embedded single user system , then one could argue that a single user OS is better.
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I need all the Unix commands which are specific to AIX machines.
For e.g.: for Unix top is equivalent to topas in AIX.
I need the list of similar commands.
Where can I find it? Is there any documentation for this?
The IBM publib documentation for System p and AIX is stored here - publib is a vital resource if you're using any IBM product.
Look under AIX Documentation, Commands reference, Categorical(1). This will show you what the commands are meant to do from which you'll hopefully be able to work out the similar commands for other operating systems.
(1) Though, of course, things have moved since this answer was originally given (in 2009). You're looking for any resource that shows the man pages for AIX. Alternatively, assuming you have access to an actual AIX box, you should be able to enter (for example) man ls for a specific command, or man -k directory for a keyword search of commands related to directories.
The canonical reference for commands to perform tasks across various UNIX flavours is http://bhami.com/rosetta.html. If you know the command on a popular UNIX flavour like Linux, you can find the same thing on other less popular unices like HP-UX or AIX.
I've lost track of the number of times it's helped me.
First thing you need to know that UNIX is a common name for all Unix operating system. AIX, RHEL, FEDORA, SUSE, HP and so on, these are flavors of UNIX.
There are very little difference in command between these flavors. Logic is the same.