Recently I been doing some Web UI work, and it is frustrating to deal with all the compatibility issues, and the unexpected browser (FF, IE, Safari) behaviors.
Event bubbling
creating and destroying elements
dynamically adding elements with behaviors (that did not initially execute)
interacting with modals
z-index
I seek to understand how and why browsers work the way they do, and how they are built. Also any pointers or links about best practices. Thanks
I have a (pretty long..) summery on the subject in how browsers work. You can also see the resources list for other references.
Here's some informative links about how browsers work, and some information/guides about CSS and cross-browser compatibility:
How Web Browsers Work
How Web Browsers Work (less technical)
CSS and Browser Compatibility
CSS Compatibility Guide
And some detailed information about the specific things you're interested in:
Event Bubbling and Browser Information About It
Adding Elements to the DOM; Adding and Removing Elements Dynamically
Modals; Cross-browser Modals
z-index
Really, just use prototype or JQuery. The extra 12MB or so will drastically simply your development.
YUI theater has a bunch of great content. Watch the Crockford videos for more on Javascript / DOM issues.
YUI Theater
For CSS cross browser compatibility, a CSS Reset can help tame the madness a bit ("The goal of a reset stylesheet is to reduce browser inconsistencies in things like default line heights, margins and font sizes of headings, and so on.").
As for inconsistencies with JavaScript bubbling, events, and behaviors, you could use a framework to help alleviate some of the pain. One of the goals of these frameworks is "write once, run anywhere [any browser]". JQuery is the most popular library at the moment. Google can help you find other frameworks.
Related
Is there is any feature that enable auto switch of css files based on different browsers.
I don't want to use javascript code for browser detection and switch of css files.
As browser files in asp.net help in loading different css props for different server controls on runtime. Is there is any feature for us to use for auto switching of css files
Thanks
This would bring in a lot of overhead in development and maintenance. The typical way in supporting multiple browsers is by creating a main stylesheet for you site which covers your targeted devices. You also rely heavily on the knowledge stored in those browser files. What if the user agent string is not the actual browser visiting the site?
Use techniques such as:
Utilising vendor prefixes -webkit- -moz- etc.
Media Queries
Ensuring you use percentages as much as possible, fluid layouts.
& Lots of Trial and Error
If this is to cover older versions of IE then you can utilise IE stylesheets and IE selectors.
As described in the Holy Bible for CSS: http://css-tricks.com/how-to-create-an-ie-only-stylesheet/
I know this is not the sort of thing you looking for but I feel your going down a very bumpy and messy road.
Thanks,
Mike
Is there a way to make sure your CSS is cross-browser capable?
I tend to work with strict doctypes, which solves a lot of problems.
Study http://www.quirksmode.org/ by Peter-Paul Koch
I refer to this site all the time.
However, as Ernest Friedman-Hill wisely pointed out, testing...
No, not absolutely sure, unfortunately. Testing, testing, and more testing is the only solution.
Here are a few tips:
Try not to use CSS3 (yet).
Don't use browser specific selectors, such as ones prefixed by -moz- or -webkit-
Use a CSS reset, like http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/
There are a few ways to do that.
First you will want to check on a few browsers when you are done with your website. Some good options to do that is Adobe Browser application, another is browsershots.com and you can find others.
Another great rule of thumb is to use an established framework that is already cross-browser (my favorite being 52framework at http://52framework.com ).
And honestly after years of writing CSS it seems that you will just get use to writing the best possible CSS and you will have cross-browser code of the get go.
There really is no sure way to write perfect CSS first time around (there are validators out there that can help a little, Dreamweaver has a specific tool that will validate code and CSS and let you know if its capable or not.
Good luck!
Your best option is to test in each of the browsers you want to support. If you don't have access to all the browsers there are for-pay web sites that will take screen shots of your site using different browsers:
http://browsershots.org/
Did you mean "capable" or "compatible"?
Anyway, I always use the W3C CSS Validation Service. It checks your CSS to make sure it is valid. After passing this validator, chances are your CSS is cross-browser compatible. But I would recommend also manually inspecting your CSS in different browsers. Do check out http://www.css3.info/ for details on how different browsers implement different features of CSS 3.
I would also recommend you install the Web Developer Toolbar if you're planning on doing heavy web development. Great tool for Firefox and Chrome.
I know this could boil down to a philosophical issue, so I don't mean to start a discussion on the topic. But I'm looking for the (or a couple of them) best way to resolve most issues of CSS styling in Internet Explorer 6.
I'm aware of this article on forabeautifulweb.com, and it's recommendation to just feed IE6 users a universal plain IE6 stylesheet with just some basic styling better than the browser defaults. For my application this is not the best.
I'm also aware of the concept of "fixing" IE6's CSS support via Javascript, and I'm sort of a fan of this idea. But I don't know what (if any) the best one is - I know there's several floating around in the wild. This article by Eric Meyer mentions one, but this was written almost 2 years ago, so is there a more standard script to use for this purpose now?
Can anybody point me to one or two such scripts that have been proven to be effective for updating some of IE6's handling of CSS to behave more like a modern browser?
UPDATE: to all the people answering who are trying to convince me not to use JS to fix the problem - I am plugging my ears and humming. :)
Seriously, I'm not asking whether or not to use JS for this. We've already decided we don't need to support IE6 and it is not worth the time for us to try to "debug" our stylesheets just for IE6. This decision is based on our audience and on our site stats for IE6 usage.
As far as all the comments about "what if the user doesn't have JS enabled?" Well in that case a lot of stuff on our site is not going to look right anyway, so that is somewhat of a mute point.
I've already implemented the IE7.js that Gordon suggested, and that is quite sufficient for us to get by in IE6, with very little drawback.
Thank you all just the same for your input.
You can use this library if you want to do it with JavaScript:
IE7.js is a JavaScript library to make Microsoft Internet Explorer behave like a standards-compliant browser. It fixes many HTML and CSS issues and makes transparent PNG work correctly under IE5 and IE6.
There is also CSS3Pie, which adds CSS3 support to browsers:
PIE makes Internet Explorer 6-8 capable of rendering several of the most useful CSS3 decoration features.
Also have a look at Progressive Enhancement and Graceful Degradation for a design philosophy.
Please don't use JavaScript to fix the problem, just add some rules to a stylesheet to fix them...
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="normal.css" />
<!--[if IE 6]>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="ie6.css" />
<![endif]-->
In the ie6.css, you just have rules that fudge the styles to work in IE6, you still use your normal stylesheet alongside it, so your site looks the same in IE6 and normal world.
From personal experiance, ie6 can be fixed within a few lines of CSS and a fair bit of inspecting with firebug/developers toolbar.. without the need for conditional comments.
majority of the problems I come accross are padding / margin based and it is down to me not using the best method first time round.
I also find that overflow:hidden fixes its fair share of ie6 bugs too.
i suggest, get ie6 open with the developers toolbar and try and find where the problem lies, and think of a better way to code that section.
Thats just me personally, I use conditional comments as a LAST resort.
Dean Edwards’ ie7.js script (linked by Gordon) is still the state of the art in this area.
As to what’s the best approach, it depends. Dean Edwards’ script fixes a lot of IE CSS bugs, and allows you to use selectors like the multiple class selector and the child selector that aren’t supported at all in IE 6.
If you’re happy that the IE 6 users in your target audience tend to have JavaScript turned on, a library like Dean’s can save you a bunch of time, and allow you to trim down your code by using the selectors that IE 6 doesn’t support.
However, you’ll likely still need an IE 6 stylesheet to deal with issues that Dean’s library doesn’t fix.
The best solution may be to wait for Microsoft to stop supporting IE 6 (like they did with Mac IE 5), because if Microsoft don’t support it, it’s hardly fair for people to expect you to. We‘re currently hoping for 2014 on that score.
Generally, you don't need javascript. You can use plain old CSS. It helps to have a good knowledge of hasLayout though.
More often than not, you can fix IE6 and 7's issues by giving the problem element layout. To do that, give it a fixed height or width, or use the proprietary zoom.
My favoured method of targeting specific versions of IE browser is to use conditional comments to add a <div> as a direct child of <body> which lets me know which version of IE I'm in (like so). That way, I can target IE6 directly:
.IE6 div.fubar {
zoom: 1;
}
The other thing to remember is that it's almost impossible to achieve pixel parity across IE6/7/8/Firefox/Safari/Chrome/Opera, so if some things don't look quite right in a browser that's nearly ten years old, you don't always need to worry about it.
Position is everything has some useful tips on IE bugs, too.
Don't use javascript if you can avoid it - you are not guaranteed that your users have JS activated (as already mentioned) and you actually don't need it.
To get rid of many problems of different interpretations from browsers (not just IE) user a css-reset stylesheet. There are many floating around.
Even better yet, use a CSS framework which will remove many many problems between different browsers and will come with many helpful classes to solve standard issues.
I for one love YAML (http://www.yaml.de/en/home.html), then there's Blueprint (http://www.blueprintcss.org/) and probably a few others. Believe me - once you used a CSS Framework you will never want to go back.
jQuery and its plugins work best for IE6 issues. Give it a try!
I am trying to figure out the most efficient way to ensure cross-browser compatibility. I have done a bit of research and learned a few interesting things such as the fact that Mozilla/Firefox can't handle a class that has a name starting with a number. Is there a way to make a CSS work for any browser or is it better to just develop multiple CSS and add code to choose which to use based on the browser being used?
You might consider using a CSS Framework such as Blueprint. It includes a CSS reset that should help.
Also, you might want to look at Yahoo's CSS reset
An aside to clarify a point:
... I have done a bit of research and learned a few interesting things such as the fact that Mozilla/Firefox can't handle a class that has a name starting with a number....
Sorry, but that's not a Mozilla limitation, it's in the CSS spec: class names must not start with a number. Any browser that allows them to isn't enforcing the rules properly.
Answered here on StackOverFlow. The relevant part of the spec is at http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#characters (see the 2nd paragraph).
To answer your question: There is no way to make a page using just one universal css and have it displayed equally in all browsers, unless you only use an extremely small sub-set of all available css (selectors, values, etc.).
The way I work is:
Use a css reset
Develop for a browser that adheres to the standards pretty well (Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Opera)
Patch things up for IE using conditional comments (because you'll probably need things that don't validate)
A good starting point would be to use CSS reset such as: http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/reset/
Your goal should be CSS that works on all browsers. If you start out with a CSS file per browser, where do you stop? Mobile Safari? Flock? Konqueror? Every version of every supported browser?
Eventually, you might need to compromise, but you can cross that road when you get there.
Regardless of your infrastructure/framework/etc you should test your code on all major browsers. If possible avoid using style sheets for browser specific problems. Browsers will change and adapt which means you might get stuck having to update a bunch of websites when new browsers come out.
CSS is a fickle beast and I haven't found any solution that covers all the quirks except for a lot of due-diligence and testing.
You might use a framework that does this for you, such as GWT, but keep in mind that you will still have some issues.
Like every web developer, I usually curse the creators of IE6 with foul and untimely deaths at least once a week. Yet my company requires me to keep supporting that most-hated of browsers.
My problem today has been wanting to first use a wildcard in my CSS and then trying to use the "inherit" property instead. Neither of which are supported by IE7-.
I really, REALLY want to have good, well-structured, properly-inheriting CSS (object-oriented CSS, if you like that buzzword) but I have that sinking feeling in the pit of my stomach that sooner or later, it's going to have to be custom-purpose and location-based classes.
This poses the question: given how utterly awful IE is at handling many CSS concepts, is it impossible to adequately support this browser at the same time as having a well-structured CSS document?
Just to clarify: I'm aware that there are plenty of ways (some legitimate, some less so) to get around the bugs and shortcomings found in IE6 and 7. What I'm really asking is "if you want to have a single, well-written stylesheet that inherits correctly, must you choose between that and having a consistent look across all browsers?". Hope that makes sense.
In other words, should I stick to my principles and code a good style sheet or should I accept that IE6 still enjoys a horribly high (20% on last count) market share and bring myself to support it? Or is there some happy medium that allows me to minimise the frankenstein surgery on my HTML and CSS while still achieving some respectable results in IE?
To be fair, you can't blame it all on IE (though Microsoft certainly is by far the worst transgressor). Part of the problem with such large & rapidly-evolving standards is that it's too much of a moving target to be perfectly implemented in a timely fashion. Unfortunately, the release cycles of web browsers do not coincide with the release of new web specifications. So all browser developers can do is try to implement as many features as they can from the latest W3C recommendations, selecting what they think will be the most commonly used features to implement first.
However, things are clearly improving, and it is possible to support IE6/7 and still use proper CSS design. It's just... difficult. Take a look at this comparison of layout engines & CSS support. If you look at the overall trend, you'll see that most browsers (even IE) do tend to comply with established standards in the long-run, it just takes some browsers longer than others to implement a standard after its introduction.
And sometimes it's not that one browser is "less" standards-compliant than another. With new standards the problem is often that different development teams chose to adopt different parts of the new specification. So even though CSS3 is already beginning to be implemented by most browsers, we'll probably have to wait until CSS4 is published before seeing consistent support across all major rendering engines. And if you try to use the latest CSS3 features right now, you'll have a hard time establishing compatibility across all major browsers. But if you're using features introduced in CSS1, it's no problem at all.
Therefore, the only option--aside from using ugly CSS hacks--is to stick with well-established older specifications. Then the problem is no longer trying to conform to web standards while supporting a particular browser. Instead the problem simply becomes trying to resist the urge to use the latest & greatest CSS features.
Aside from that, the only permanent solution I see to this recurring situation is for the W3C to prioritize different parts of newly introduced specifications so that the new features can be implemented in discrete phases synchronized across all the major browsers. So, for instance, grammar rules might be given the highest priority along with a set deadline for its implementation. After that would come the second phase, which could be element & attribute selectors, and so on and so forth.
This would require a tremendous level of cooperation between the W3C and development teams, but it would be worth it. After all, it does users and web developers no good for IE to implement one subset of features from CSS3 while Firefox implements a different subset and the Webkit browsers yet another subset. A "standard" is no good until it's actually standardized across all the major rendering platforms. It's better for each browser to support fewer new features but have them all be the same features, than for them to separately introduce a ton of their own features that aren't universally supported.
Not at all - you can compensate for IE's shortcomings with conditional comments and an IE specific stylesheet, while serving your 'nice' stylesheet to other browsers.
Something else which I find helps is to use a CSS reset. While this isn't going to resolve all of IE's issues, it does give you a good baseline to work from.
The most anoying IE6 feature is it's box model handling. You should stick to margin instead when positioning boxes, and try to use relative font sizes to allow font resizing on IE. The rest of the quirks are well documented.
Using conditional comments is the cleanest way of having both a clean style sheet for well behaving browsers, and still using being beautiful on IE. This is what I use, only needing 1 css file of a few lines to repair my sites look and feel.
The dark path of crossbrowser consistent look & feel are css hacks, but I strongly discourage it's use, specialy now that for some time we'll have to target three different IE (6, 7 & 8)
Normally, if you get the style to work in both FF and Chrome/Safari, IE is only a few corrections away of being correct.
There is a great site Position Is Everything that details how FF, IE and Safari conform to standard CSS. At the site you will find most of the workarounds / cures for IE that will alleviate the need for you to write so much conditional code for your CSS.
You'll also want to check out A List Apart for more on CSS and IE. There are also great articles on tableless layout with CSS, handling the height bug in IE, etc. Good luck - IE 6 really sucks when it comes CSS.
Certainly not. If you ensure that they render the page in "standards" mode as opposed to "quirks" mode many of the common IE CSS issues are resolved. To do this you must provide a valid doctype statement at the top of the page, such as
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
As others have pointed out, another good idea is to start off your stylesheet with a snippet that removes all paddings and margins like so:
*,html {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
Finally, one common problem with CSS based layouts in IE is that clearing of floats doesn't happen when you'd expect. This is to do with a hidden object property in IE called "hasLayout"; only objects that "have layout" will correctly wrap around and enclose floated child objects. It is easy to ensure that your containers "have layout" simply by specifying at least one dimension for them:
height: 1%;
width: 100%;
zoom: 1;
I do not personally use conditional IE stylesheets except for one single thing: to replace PNG backgrounds with GIFs in IE < 7 - there is nothing wrong with using them, I just find it unnescessarily complicates things when you have to define the appearance of the same object in two different places. With the three tips above and a bit of patience you should be able to create CSS based layouts using a single stylesheet that render just as well in IE 6/7 as they do in Mozilla/Webkit.
Happy coding!
IE 6 really does limit what we can do.
It’s the lack of support for advanced selectors (and inherit — IE 7 doesn’t support that either) that gets me. Just having the child selector and attribute selectors would be nice, that’d really cut down the amount of code we have to write and maintain. You can only work around the lack of support for them by duplicating your styles, so you just end up having to code as if they didn’t exist.
Sigh.
Only follow online CSS tutorials that is rendered correctly with IE6 and Chrome (or Webkit). If it looks right in both, it likely looks right in (almost) all browsers.